新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对高校微生物学教学带来的挑战与发展机遇

突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情使得网上在线教学成为这段时间的唯一教学方式。这一方面给高校的广大师生提出了新的挑战,但同时也给近年来一直进行的高等教育开放式教育教学改革发展潮流按下了加速键。《微生物学通报》以"第十七届全国微生物学教学和科研及成果产业化研讨会"为契机邀稿组织出版的这期"高等院校教学主题刊",很好地反映了近年来在开放式教育形势下我国微生物学教学改革与人才培养的最新进展和发展态势,其中也有文章介绍了疫情期间选择和使用线上教学技术的经验。期望该主题刊的出版有助于进一步促进广大微生物学教师强化互联网意识,打造"互联网+"思维,重塑课堂教学形态,通过广大教师间的教改经验交流与合作,进一步促进我国微生物学课程建设水平与教学质量的全面提升。     

我国当代微生物学课程建设与教学改革研究进展——“高等院校教学专刊”序言

积极进行微生物学教学改革经验交流,对于提高高等院校微生物学教学水平和微生物学相关人才培养质量具有重要意义。为了反映我国当代微生物学课程建设与教学改革的最新进展和发展态势,《微生物学通报》以"第十五届全国微生物学教学和科研及成果产业化研讨会"大会为契机,邀约有微生物学及相关学科教学经验的高校教师撰写稿件,通过严格评审后择优选取文章,组织出版了这期"高等院校教学专刊",期望该专刊的出版有助于我国高校微生物学教师间的教改经验交流与合作。     

微生物课程中思政元素的挖掘与应用

作为一种新的综合教育理念和课程观,课程思政是高校培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人的必然之举.文章就课程思政在"微生物学"课程中的教学实践,从专业课程中进行课程思政的重要性、微生物学专业课中课程思政元素的挖掘以及如何将思想政治教育在微生物学课程中有效实施进行了探讨,以确保以微生物学教学目标为立足点,自然恰当地...     

“海洋微生物学实验”课程思政探索和实践

"海洋微生物学实验"课程是高等院校海洋科学类专业的重要基础课程,在海洋科学人才培养过程中发挥重要作用。开展"海洋微生物学实验"课程的思政建设,是落实高校全员全程全方位培养青年海洋微生物人才的重要途径。本文以"海洋微生物学实验"课程为例,挖掘提炼课程中蕴含的思政元素,从课程建设、教学理念、教学目标、教学方法、考核评价体系、教学反思等方面开展课程思政教育的探索和实践,旨在将专业知识和思政元素有机融合,实现知识传授和价值引领同频共振。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控态势下我国微生物学教学改革与人才培养

两年多前突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情既给高校教学带来了全新挑战,也带来了变革的契机.随着后疫情时代的到来,有必要不断探索建立适应疫情防控要求的教学交流和研究模式,有效利用现代信息化技术和新媒体平台,整合优化教学资源,转变教学理念,切实提高教学水平与人才培养质量.《微生物学通报》以"第十八届全国微生物学教学和科研及成果...     

“微生物学与免疫学”课程思政的探索与实践

"微生物学与免疫学"是药学、农学、生物学等生命科学相关学科的基础核心课程,也是当今世界发展最为迅猛、对人类生活影响最大的学科之一。高校为达到"立德树人"的教育根本任务,应将微生物学与免疫学课程建设成为思政教育的重要阵地。将我国科学家的突出科学贡献、教材知识点以及相应的思政内容有机整合,实现巩固知识、强化专业教学,加强思政教育,达到"立德树人"的培养目标。本文介绍了以我国科学家的案例进行微生物学与免疫学课程思政教学的探索和实践,将典型案例融入到教材知识点中有利于课程思政的建设。     

微生物学开放式实验教学模式的改革探索

当前学生在微生物实验教学中存在的对导师依赖性强、缺乏刻苦和主动性的现象,与"学生为主体、教师为主导"的现代教育思想有很大差距。该文从微生物学的开放式实践教学改革的重要性和必要性出发,以培养学生的多向思维能力、创新能力和开拓精神的现代人才培养理念为指导,对微生物学实验教学进行了探索与改革。制作标准化实验操作课件,采用灵活多变的实验教学策略;建设开放式实验指导教材,拓展延伸创新实验内容,并推荐优秀创新实验作品参加国家和自治区级的科技竞赛;加强对开放实验教学规章制度的建设;修订所采用的实验教材和讲义。构建微生物学的开放式实验教学管理体系,放手让学生独立进行实验选题、查文献、自我设计和实验,有效地激发了学生对实验的兴趣和主人翁精神,改变了以往微生物学实验的懒散风气,增强了学生勤于观察、乐于比较、敢于质疑、富于想象分析的积极性,初步形成了以学生为主体的教学模式。     

高校专业基础课程“微生物学”思政案例设计

为充分挖掘微生物学课程中的思政元素,发挥专业课程在立德树人方面的重要作用,本文对微生物学课程思政的设计理念和具体案例进行介绍,构建以微生物学知识为主体,以发展历史、名人故事、励志典故、日常生活等为素材,将专业知识和思政教育融合,引导学生树立辩证思维,端正学生求真求实的科学态度,增强学生社会责任感,实现"全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人"的创新教育模式。     

体验式教学在食品微生物学教学中的应用探索

本文针对我国高校目前在食品微生物学课程的教学现状,引入体验式教学的理念,结合体验式教学的定义及特征,以学生为中心,通过增加学生的感官体验、互动过程、操作体验、实践经历等促使其主动去探索发现。通过"情境设置—主体体验—评价体验—体验迁移"的模式,而不是单一的知识灌输,提升学生对食品微生物学的认知兴趣和主动性,增加学生的学习积极性和创造性,启发学生进行自主的知识构建,达到更好的教学效果。     

中美课程教学差异分析及启示——基于食品专业“微生物学”视角

以中国南昌大学食品学院开设的"微生物学"和美国University of Minnesota食品科学与营养系的Introductory Microbiology为研究对象,从课程安排、教学过程、实践环节和知识考察等方面对食品专业"微生物学"课程教学进行对比研究,以此窥豹一斑。研究发现,国内高校"微生物学"课程存在教学内容更新滞后、课堂讨论互动不足、考查方式多元化欠缺等问题,学生学习存在投入时间偏少、知识点掌握不牢固、考试后遗忘较快、应用知识解决问题能力较差等问题。要更好地开展食品专业"微生物学"教学,必须以学生为中心,及时更新教材内容,结合现代技术开展启发教学、案例教学,有效建构学生知识体系,施行课程助理制度,完善考核制度,提升教师自身工程化能力,从而助推提升教学质量。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细