弗氏柠檬酸细菌酪氨酸酚解酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

以基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术从弗氏柠檬酸细菌（Citrobacter freundii)中扩增得到含有酪氨酸酚解酶基因的DNA片段,定向连续到质粒pUC118上,得到重组质粒pTPL,将此重组质粒转化到受体菌E.colXL-1-Blue MRF′中,通过蓝白斑鉴定挑出阳性菌株。从此阳性菌株中提取质粒pTPL并将此质粒转入到E.coliJM109中,用E.coliJM109（pTPL)制备高活性的酪氨酸酚解酶。对质粒稳定性的研究表明,E.coliJM109（pTPL)在无选择压力下37℃连续培养50代以上,质粒丢失率仅有15％,说明质粒基本稳定。     

N~+离子诱变高效降酚菌及其含酚废水模拟处理的研究

取降酚效果较好菌株E为诱变出发菌株,利用N+离子束诱变,获得若干突变菌株,计算诱变存活率和正突变率,利用正交实验对离子束诱变的优势菌KE2菌株进行了最适宜生长条件的优化,并进行实验室模拟实验.结果表明诱变注入的较适宜剂量为18.4×1014N+/cm2.诱变菌株中降酚效果最好的诱变菌KE2的降酚率较出发菌E高,且在传代时性状稳定.经初步鉴定,出发菌株E和诱变降酚菌KE2属于假单胞菌(Pseudo-monas.sp.).KE2降酚诱变菌的生长适宜参数为:葡萄糖浓度1 000 mg/L,pH值为7,温度30℃.实验室模拟实验显示,添加诱变菌株的一组降酚效果较好,在500 mg/L的酚浓度下,9 h降酚率可达到100%,1 000 mg/L的酚浓度下,加诱变菌组在12 h可完全降解,达到100%.     

铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860萘降解质粒的转化

为进一步证明铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860菌株降解萘能力与质粒的关系,我们以菌株AS1.860作供体菌,AS1.860-30(B-2~-)作受体菌进行转化。转化子BS1.860CI具备了供体株的遗传特性,转化频率为8×10~(-8)。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和酶切图谱观察,二者质粒DNA迁移区段和酶切图谱相同,表明质粒与萘的降解及铜绿色素的产生有关。     

深海多环芳烃降解菌新鞘氨醇杆菌H25的降解特性及降解基因

[目的]为了从深海环境中筛选新的多环芳烃降解菌,了解其降解基因及降解特性.[方法]以原油作为碳源从印度洋深海海水样品中富集筛选出降解能力较强的多环芳烃降解菌,并根据已报道的相关菌属的多环芳烃起始双加氧酶大亚基序列及侧翼序列设计兼并引物进行扩增.[结果]获得了1株能够高效降解原油、柴油及多种多环芳烃的菌株H25.经16S rDNA序列系统发育分析表明它属于新鞘氨醇杆菌属(Novosphingobium)(96%).并从该菌株中扩增获得2条相似度为91.0%双加氧酶基因片段.2条序列在NCBI上Blastn分析表明均与菌株N.aromaticivorans DSM12444T的降解质粒pNL1上的双加氧酶大亚基具有最高相似度,分别为99.6%和91.0%.根据pNL1上的双加氧酶序列设计引物获得了包含H25双加氧酶大亚基及上下游序列的2个基因片段H25 Ⅰ(2.9kb)和H25Ⅱ(4.5kb).另外,单碳降解实验表明H25对联苯、2-甲基萘、2,6-二甲基萘、菲、二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃等均有较好的降解能力.[结论]H25菌株是Novosphingobium属可能的新种.深海细菌在大洋环境多环芳烃污染的自然净化中起到一定作用,并在环境生物修复中有较大的应用前景.     

降解2,4-二氯酚微生物的分离及其2,4-二氯酚羟化酶基因的克隆和表达

从土壤中分离到一株降解2,4-二氯酚能力较强的细菌菌株GT241-1,经鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属。菌株GT241-1在最适条件下能在48h内将90mg/L的2,4-DCP降解91%,能利用2,4-二氯酚、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、苯甲酸和儿茶酚为唯一碳源生长。采用Southern杂交对2,4-二氯酚羟化酶基因（dcpA）定位后构建基因组文库,再用斑点杂交筛选目的转化子,克隆了该菌株的dcpA。序列测定得知含dcpA的亚克隆片段全长2389bp,其中dcpA基因编码区1797bp。核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析表明,dcpA与已在GenBank登记的相关基因有一定的差异。dcpA基因能够在大肠杆菌转化子中成功地表达有生物活性的酶。     

盐胁迫条件下古菌超氧化物歧化酶增强细菌降解硝基酚

【背景】Burkholderia sp. SJ98利用对硝基酚和2-氯-4-硝基酚为唯一碳源和能源进行生长,通过异源表达嗜盐古菌Haloferax sp. D1227中的超氧化物歧化酶SodA,使菌株SJ98在500 mmol/L NaCl条件下仍具有降解对硝基酚的能力。然而该重组细菌在普通和高盐条件下其降解基因的转录和降解酶比活力的高低,以及该菌在高盐条件下是否还能降解对硝基酚衍生物尚未知晓。【目的】研究Burkholderia sp. SJ98的耐盐上限,观察含有sodA的细菌SJ98在普通和高盐条件下降解对硝基酚和2-氯-4-硝基酚的能力,检测重组菌中pnpA基因的转录和硝基酚单加氧酶的活力。【方法】在添加葡萄糖、对硝基酚或2-氯-4-硝基酚的无机盐培养基(分别含400-800 mmol/L NaCl)或M9培养基(含0和500 mmol/L NaCl)中培养细菌SJ98及其重组菌。通过紫外分光光度计和高效液相色谱法检测菌株生长和底物降解。通过实时荧光定量PCR分别以两种硝基酚为诱导物,检测未添加和添加500 mmol/L NaCl时,硝基酚单加氧酶编码基因pnpA的转录量变化。利用紫外分光光度计分别以两种硝基酚为底物,检测在添加500 mmol/L NaCl时,重组菌和空载体菌的粗酶液中硝基酚单加氧酶对两种底物的活力变化。【结果】野生型菌株SJ98以葡萄糖为碳源生长的NaCl耐受浓度是600mmol/L。未添加NaCl时,重组菌SJ98[pCM-pnpR-PpnpA-sodA-rfp]生长和降解对硝基酚的能力远优于野生菌。添加500 mmol/L NaCl时,重组菌SJ98[pBBR-sodA]仍保持了利用2-氯-4-硝基苯酚底物生长和降解该底物的能力,而空载体菌SJ98[pBBR1MCS-2]的生长和降解能力完全丧失;重组菌SJ98[pBBR-sodA]粗酶液中单加氧酶对于对硝基酚和2-氯-4-硝基酚的活力均约为野生菌的1/3。分别以两种硝基酚为诱导物时,无论是否添加NaCl,重组菌SJ98[pBBR-sodA]中硝基酚单加氧酶编码基因pnpA的转录量比野生型中高出约17-25倍;但添加500 mmol/L NaCl时,pnpA的转录均受到部分抑制。【结论】本研究为利用古菌超氧化物歧化酶对细菌进行改造以提高普通环境和高盐环境中细菌降解硝基芳烃污染物能力的应用提供了潜在的可行性。     

一株红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.)二噁英降解质粒的稳定性与接合转移特性

【目的】考察一株红球菌Rhodococcus sp.strain p52中的二噁英降解质粒pDF01(170 kb)和pDF02(242 kb)的稳定性和接合转移特性。【方法】在无选择压力的条件下对菌株p52进行连续传代培养,考察质粒pDF01、pDF02的丢失;以菌株p52为供体菌,以不同种属的菌株作受体菌,通过平板接合实验探讨质粒pDF01、pDF02接合转移的受体菌范围以及接合转移频率,利用菌落杂交、Southern杂交对质粒转移结果进行确认,利用降解实验测试转移质粒降解基因的表达。【结果】质粒pDF01和pDF02在红球菌p52中均具有较高的稳定性,在LB培养基上连续传代少于47次时pDF02可保持,连续传代少于65次时pDF01可保持。质粒pDF01和pDF02具备在同属和属间接合转移的能力,可向受体菌——紫红红球菌(Rhodococcus rhodochrous)、红串红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis)、大地两面神菌(Terrabacter tumescens)和节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)转移,其中以节杆菌作受体菌时质粒pDF01和pDF02接合转移频率最高,达到3.5×10~(-6)(接合子/受体菌);对节杆菌接合子质粒进行Southern杂交进一步确认了质粒pDF01、pDF02的存在。另外获得质粒pDF01、pDF02后的节杆菌接合子可以对二苯并呋喃高效利用,且降解能力与红球菌供体菌株p52相当。【结论】红球菌菌株p52可通过降解质粒转移强化生物修复过程,在去除环境中二噁英污染中具有良好的应用前景。     

固定化Ralstonia metallidurans CH34降解苯酚的研究

将既能耐抗重金属又能降解苯酚的细菌Ralstonia m etalliduransCH34固定化以提高其降酚效率。首先通过正交实验,得到了固定化该菌种的最优制备条件,然后对固定化细胞的降酚效果进行了研究。结果表明,固定化R.m etalliduransCH34的降酚效果明显优于游离细胞;抗重金属毒性方面也有较大提高;在加入额外碳源(甲苯,柠檬酸)情况下,固定化R.m etalliduransCH34进行苯酚降解时所受影响明显要小于游离态菌。     

两株戴氏霉对水稻秸秆的降解及产酶研究

本文旨在构建能够高效降解水稻秸秆的戴氏霉组合菌。通过兼容性试验,选取木质素降解菌灰戴氏霉H57.1菌株与纤维素降解菌合川戴氏霉H08.1菌株组合发酵降解水稻秸秆,以失重法和范氏洗涤剂法检测其对秸秆的降解效果,用胞外酶活测定法探索其产酶规律。结果表明,菌株H57.1和H08.1具有良好的兼容性;组合菌H57.1+H08.1对水稻秸秆的降解能力明显高于单一菌株,秸秆失重率高达55.7%,木质素、半纤维素和纤维素降解率分别为48.9%、72.6%和57.0%;对发酵过程产酶情况的分析进一步表明,组合菌H57.1+H08.1降解水稻秸秆的能力与其产酶能力密切相关。     

假单胞菌XN-1硝基苯降解性质粒的提取及研究

假单胞菌XN 1对有机污染物硝基苯具有降解性 ,并且对氨苄青霉素具有抗性。检测和提取了假单胞菌XN 1细胞内的质粒 ,得到了一个约 2 2kb大小的质粒pXN 1。质粒消除实验证实这个质粒与硝基苯降解性有关 ,而与抗生素抗性无关。XN 1和其自发突变株XN 1 2和XN 1 3特性的差异和质粒检测的差异之间存在对应关系 ,并且得到了一个比 pXN 1小几个kb的衍生质粒 pXN 1 3。     

Cloning of the RIB1 gene coding for the enzyme of the first stage of flavinogenesis in the yeast Pichia guilliermondi, GTP cyclohydrolase, in Escherichia coli cells

The RIB1 gene encoding the enzyme of the first stage of the yeast Pichia guillermondii-GTP-cyclohydrolase- was cloned on pFL38 shuttle vector as the Sau3A fragment of chromosomal DNA of about 9 kb. EcoRI fragment of 4 kb with RIB1 gene was subcloned from the pFRI hybrid plasmid obtained into the pUC18 plasmid and then shortened to give 2.9 kb via deletion in SalGI site. The plasmid constructed was designated pR1. Activity of GTP-cyclohydrolase was 80-100-fold higher in extracts of transformants than in the prototroph strain, which evidence of effective expression of the yeast gene within recombinant plasmids in the cells of this species of bacteria. The enzyme isolated from transformants has molecular mass 179 kDa, is inhibited by PAD and adenyl-nucleotides, which is characteristic of GTP-cyclohydrolase of P. guilliermondii but not of Escherichia coli.     

一株苯酚高效降解菌的分离及其分解能力的初步研究

为了寻找能高效降解苯酚的微生物 ,从武汉市某化工厂周围的下水道污泥中 ,筛选分离出一种具有很高苯酚降解能力的菌株PheD1。通过生理生化及外观鉴定[1～ 3] ,将其初步鉴定为假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp .)。经驯化后发现 ,该菌生长的迟缓期随苯酚浓度的增大而延长 ,但比同类报道的苯酚降解菌要短 ;在 35℃对数生长期时的苯酚降解率超过同类报道[6 ] ,6 0 0mg·L- 1 苯酚浓度的完全降解时间在 2 4h之内 ,比同类报道[4～ 6 ] 苯酚降解菌的分解能力要高。该菌为好氧菌 ,在空气充足的条件下可提高降解能力。对该菌的继续研究可使其在苯酚的生物降解及污水处理等实际运用中起到重要的作用。     

费氏中华根瘤菌与耐盐有关的DNA片段的亚克隆和测序

将费氏中华根瘤菌（Ｓｉｎｏｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ ｆｒｅｄｉｉ）ＫＴ１９与耐盐有关的２３ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段用ＢａｍＨⅠ酶切成大小不同的长度,分别与质粒ｐＭＬ１２２连接,然后转化大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ）Ｓ１７－１,筛选出３个转化子。以这些转化子为供体,ＲＴ１９的盐敏感突变株ＲＣ３－３为受体,分别进行二亲本杂交,筛选到接合子ＢＲ２,得到４．４ｋｂ与耐盐有关的ＤＮＡ片段。根据其物理图谱,酶     

Construction of an Escherichia coli-Rhodococcus shuttle vector and plasmid transformation in Rhodococcus spp.

A plasmid transformation system for Rhodococcus sp. strain H13-A was developed by using an Escherichia coli-Rhodococcus shuttle plasmid constructed in this study. Rhodococcus sp. strain H13-A contains three cryptic indigenous plasmids, designated pMVS100, pMVS200, and pMVS300, of 75, 19.5, and 13.4 kilobases (kb), respectively. A 3.8-kb restriction fragment of pMVS300 was cloned into pIJ30, a 6.3-kb pBR322 derivative, containing the E. coli origin of replication (ori) and ampicillin resistance determinant (bla), as well as a Streptomyces gene for thiostrepton resistance, tsr. The resulting 10.1-kb recombinant plasmid, designated pMVS301, was isolated from E. coli DH1(pMVS301) and transformed into Rhodococcus sp. strain AS-50, a derivative of strain H13-A, by polyethylene glycol-assisted transformation of Rhodococcus protoplasts and selection for thiostrepton-resistant transformants. Thiostrepton-resistant transformants were also ampicillin resistant and were shown to contain pMVS301, which was subsequently isolated and transformed back into E. coli. The cloned 3.8-kb fragment of Rhodococcus DNA in pMVS301 contains a Rhodococcus origin of replication, since the hybrid plasmid was capable of replication in both genera. The plasmid was identical in E. coli and Rhodococcus transformants as determined by restriction analysis and was maintained as a stable, independent replicon in both organisms. Optimization of the transformation procedure resulted in transformation frequencies in the range of 10(5) transformants per micrograms of pMVS301 DNA in Rhodococcus sp. strain H13-A and derivative strains. The plasmid host range extends to strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis, R. globulerus, and R. equi, whereas stable transformants were not obtained with R. rhodochrous or with several coryneform bacteria tested as recipients. A restriction map demonstrated 14 unique restriction sites in pMVS301, some of which are potentially useful for molecular cloning in Rhodococcus spp. and other actinomycetes. This is the first report of plasmid transformation and of heterologous gene expression in a Rhodococcus sp.     

chiA基因在稻根联合固氮菌E26和NG13中的表达

将带有粘质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶基因 (chiA)的 1 8kbHinfⅠ片段分别克隆到表达载体pKK2 2 3 3和质粒pMC71A上 ,构建成几丁质酶表达质粒pKChiA和pMChiA。将这 2种质粒转化稻根联合固氮菌阴沟肠杆菌E2 6 (EnterobactercloacaeE2 6 )和催娩克氏菌NG1 3 (Klebsiellaoxy tocaNG1 3 ) ,chiA基因在这 2菌株中获得高效表达。对表达产物的细胞定位测定表明 ,几丁质酶不仅存在于细胞周间质和胞内 ,而且还分泌到培养物上清液中。在对数生长后期 ,胞外、胞间质和胞内的几丁质酶活性分布分别为 2 3 %～ 2 8%、45 %～ 5 1 %和 2 1 %～ 3 2 %。经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测表明 ,表达的几丁质酶蛋白分子量为 5 8kD。在受体细胞内 ,质粒pMChiA的稳定性要比质粒pKChiA高。     

Development of a genetic transformation system for Histoplasma capsulatum: complementation of uracil auxotrophy

Summary We have developed a simple and efficient transformation system for the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Mutants of H. capsulatum defective in orotidine-5-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase were transformed to prototrophy by the cloned URA5 gene of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. Abortive and mitotically stable transformants were obtained. The stable transformants had integrated copies of the plasmid, some in tandem head-to-tail orientation. Free plasmid identical to the transforming plasmid was present in some of the transformants. We obtained a transformation efficiency of up to 30 transformants/g DNA for plasmid pPAura5-1 (9.2 kb). pPW2001, a smaller plasmid (4.7 kb) derived from pPAura5-1, transformed H. capsulatum more efficiently (up to 155 transformants/gm DNA).     

携带大片段BIBAC克隆在不同农杆菌中的遗传稳定性研究

大片段克隆在农杆菌中的稳定性是利用可转化大片段载体进行农杆菌介导遗传转化的关键问题.选用插入片段分子质量分别为150kb和50kb的BIBAC克隆,测定了在3种农杆菌AGL-1,EHA105和LBA4404中的遗传稳定性.从第1、3、5次继代培养的农杆菌中抽提的质粒及酶切结果显示,由于农杆菌背景质粒的干扰,难以判断质粒的降解与否.将农杆菌质粒再转化到大肠杆菌宿主中,发现来自农杆菌AGL-1和EHA105的质粒出现了明显的降解,片段变小,而来自农杆菌LBA4404的质粒没有变化.结果表明,大片段BIBAC质粒在不同农杆菌菌株中的稳定性不同,在农杆菌LBA4404中比较稳定,适合用于遗传转化.     

絮凝基因的克隆和在工业啤酒酵母菌株中表达

The partial genomic library of Saccharomyce cerevisiae FL189 possessing strong flocculation ability was constructed using Yeast-E.coli shuttle plasmid YCp50 as vector.Recombinant plasmid containing flocculation gene was obtained by screening the growth of transformants on the selective medium and measurement flocculation,designated as pCF1.pCF1 was introduced into industrial yeast strain PJ208-5-15.Six transformants PJ208-5-15-1(pCF1)～PJ208-5-15-6(pCF1)possessing strong flocculation ability were obtained.Th…     

扣囊拟内孢霉α-淀粉酶基因的克隆和在酿酒酵母中表达

以穿梭质粒pCN60为载体,大肠杆菌C600为受体构建了扣囊拟内孢霉(Endomycopsis fibuligera)G45 Sau 3A基因文库。从基因文库中提取重组质粒DNA并转化酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)BJ1991,选出四个具有o-淀粉酶活性的转化子,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果证实插入的DNA片段为9.0kb。对插入DNA片段亚克隆,确定。-淀粉酶基因位于PstI-Sall 3.9kb片段上,启动子位于PstI-EcoRI 的1.3kb片段上。用亚克隆PGK11.9kb片段置换。-淀粉酶启动子区,其转化子的e-淀粉酶活性有明显提高。     

Plasmid copy number and stability determination in Clostridium perfringens transformants

The copy number of the streptococcal plasmid pAM beta 1 (26.5 kb), and its deletion derivatives, pVA1 (11 kb) and pVA677 (7.6 kb) contained in Clostridium perfringens 3624A transformants was determined by incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine (4 muCi/ml) into chromosomal and plasmid DNA and sizing of the C. perfringens genome using transverse alternating field electrophoresis. Plasmids pAM beta 1, pVA1, and pVA677 were found to be present at 1.0, 97, and 216 copies/cell, respectively. 10.2, 54, and 96% of the initial pAM beta 1-, pVA1- and pVA677-containing transformants, respectively, remained resistant to erythromycin over 220 generations of growth. The results indicate a size-dependent relationship between plasmid stability and plasmid copy number in C. perfringens.