p53、p63和Ki67与肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后的关系

目的研究突变型p53、p63和Ki67的表达和肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle invasive bladder cancer, MIBC)预后的相关性。方法回顾性收集2007年1月至2016年12月在我院因肌层浸润膀胱癌行根治性膀胱切除术患者共99例。根据突变型p53、p63和Ki67的表达情况将病人进行分组,采用Kaplan-Meier法制作生存曲线,采用COX回归模型分析突变型p53、p63和Ki67的表达和MIBC患者的总生存(overall survival, OS)和无病生存(disease-free survival, DFS)的关系。结果多因素COX生存分析显示单一的突变型p53、p63或Ki67的表达和MIBC的预后没有相关性。突变型p53阳性/p63阳性/Ki67阳性表达≥30%提示MIBC患者更短的OS和DFS。在突变型p53阳性/p63阳性/Ki67阳性表达≥30%的MIBC患者中,辅助化疗组的OS和DFS相比于非化疗组显著提高。结论突变型p53阳性/p63阳性/Ki67阳性表达≥30%是MIBC手术后预后的独立危险因素。这些患者可能从辅助化疗中获益。     

VEGF和p53在肝细胞性肝癌组织中的异常表达与预后的关系

目的:探讨VEGF和p53在肝癌组织中表达与肝癌预后的关系,为肝癌的防治提供新的思路.方法:回顾性分析了2006年1月到2009年8月收治的40例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中VEGF和p53的表达.结果:VEGF和p53阳性表达率在肝癌组分别为62.5％和47.5％,癌旁组分别为22.5％和2.5％,在正常组未检测到VEGF和p53阳性表达,三组之间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);本组40例肝癌患者术后均获随访,22例复发;复发组患者癌组织中VEGF和p53的阳性表达率均高于未复发组,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:在肝癌组织中存在VEGF和p53的异常表达,VEGF和p53异常表达与肝癌的预后密切相关.     

PKCβⅡ、P53和Ki67在胃印戒细胞癌中的表达 及其与侵袭转移的关系

目的:检测蛋白激酶C-βⅡ亚型(PKCβⅡ),P53,Ki67三种蛋白在胃印戒细胞癌组织中的表达,探讨三种蛋白与胃印戒细胞癌侵袭性及转移的关系。方法:应用免疫组化(S-P法)检测60例胃印戒细胞癌标本及60例胃低分化腺癌标本中PKCβⅡ、p53、Ki67的表达状况,并将检测结果与浸润深度及淋巴结转移进行综合分析。结果:胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌PKCβⅡ阳性表达率分别为76.67%和41.67%,二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);P53阳性表达率分别为43.33%和61.67%,二者之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),Ki67阳性表达率分别为60.00%和91.67%,二者之间亦具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在未侵及浆膜层的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间P53的阳性表达率有显著性差异(P<0.05),而在侵及浆膜及邻近组织的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率有显著性差异(P<0.05);在淋巴结转移的胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌之间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率具有显著性差异(P<0.05);结论:PKCβⅡ在胃印戒细胞癌高表达,Ki67在低分化腺癌有较高表达;PKCβⅡ和Ki67与两种类型胃癌的晚期浸润及淋巴结转移有关,可能与浸润性侵袭方式相关密切;P53与两种类型胃癌的早期浸润有关,可能为胃癌发生的早期事件。     

桑葚花色苷提取物对乳腺癌细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的影响

目的:观察桑葚花色苷提取物对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-453、MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的影响.方法:利用超声辅助乙醇萃取法提取桑葚花色苷,pH示差法测定提取物花色苷总含量,以50、100和150 mg/mL桑葚花色苷提取物作用三种乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453和MCF-7 24h,采用Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞分析法检测细胞凋亡水平变化,JC-1探针染色激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察MDA-MB-453细胞线粒体膜电位水平变化.结果:凋亡分析结果表明,桑葚花色苷提取物作用后三种乳腺癌细胞凋亡率均升高,显示出促凋亡效应,且具有剂量-效应关系,100和150 mg/mL组凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.05).激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测结果显示,桑葚花色苷提取物作用24h,可使MDA-MB-453细胞线粒体膜电位显著下降,表现为红色/绿色荧光的比值显著降低(P＜0.05).结论:桑葚花色苷提取物可显著降低乳腺癌细胞线粒体膜电位,并促发细胞凋亡.     

紫杉醇联合表阿霉素新辅助化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌的临床疗效评价及其对Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π的影响

目的:研究紫杉醇联合表阿霉素新辅助化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌的临床疗效及对Ki-67、p53、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST-π)的影响。方法:选取2010年6月~2012年6月我院收治的84例三阴乳腺癌患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用表阿霉素联合环磷酰胺完成化疗,观察组使用紫杉醇联合表阿霉素完成新辅助化疗。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π的表达情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总的缓解率显著高于对照组[76.19%(32/42)比45.24%(19/42)](P0.05)。化疗前,两组患者Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π阳性表达率比较无统计学意义(P0.05);化疗后,观察组患者的Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π阳性表达率较化疗前显著降低(P0.05),但对照组的Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π阳性表达率和化疗前相比无明显变化(P0.05),观察组的Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π阳性表达率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组和对照组的不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:紫杉醇联合表阿霉素新辅助化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌的疗效确切,其能有效降低Ki-67、p53、P-gp和GST-π的表达。     

PKCβ Ⅱ、P53和Ki67在胃印戒细胞癌中的表达及其与侵袭转移的关系

目的：检测蛋白激酶C-βⅡ亚型（PKCβⅡ）,P53,Ki67三种蛋白在胃印戒细胞癌组织中的表达,探讨三种蛋白与胃印戒细胞癌侵袭性及转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组化（S-P法）检测60例胃印戒细胞癌标本及60例胃低分化腺癌标本中PKCβⅡ、p53、Ki67的表达状况,并将检测结果与浸润深度及淋巴结转移进行综合分析。结果：胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌PKCβⅡ阳性表达率分别为76.67%和41.67%,二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;P53阳性表达率分别为43.33%和61.67%,二者之间具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,Ki67阳性表达率分别为60.00%和91.67%,二者之间亦具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。在未侵及浆膜层的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间P53的阳性表达率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,而在侵及浆膜及邻近组织的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;在淋巴结转移的胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌之间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;结论：PKCβⅡ在胃印戒细胞癌高表达,Ki67在低分化腺癌有较高表达;PKCβⅡ和Ki67与两种类型胃癌的晚期浸润及淋巴结转移有关,可能与浸润性侵袭方式相关密切;P53与两种类型胃癌的早期浸润有关,可能为胃癌发生的早期事件。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中AIB1 与Ki67的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)中乳腺癌扩增性抗原1(AIB1)和增殖细胞核抗原(Ki67)蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2012年6月到2014年6月在我院经病理检查确诊为IDC患者的组织石蜡标本160例,采用链霉素-生物素(SP)免疫组化法检测标本中AIB1和Ki67蛋白的表达,多因素Logistic回归分析二者与IDC临床病理学特征的相关性。结果:AIB1、Ki67的阳性表达率分别为75.63%和80.63%。AIB1、Ki67的表达与淋巴结转移、组织学分级及TNM分期存在相关性(P0.05),且随组织学分级和TNM分期的增高,阳性表达率逐渐增高(P0.05),Ki67的表达水平随肿瘤变大,阳性率逐渐增加(P0.05)。淋巴结阳性组AIB1、Ki67的阳性表达率显著高于淋巴结阴性组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,AIB1、Ki67的阳性表达是淋巴结转移、病理组织学分级及TNM分期的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:在IDC组织中AIB1和Ki67的阳性表达均增高,二者与IDC临床病理学特征有密切关系。     

促吞噬肽衍生物 T 肽对裸鼠术后残瘤 VEGF 表达的影响

目的：探讨促吞噬肽衍生物T肽抑制裸鼠术后残瘤生长的作用机理。方法：建立MCF-7乳腺癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤术后残瘤模型,观察8mg／kg剂量T肽对残余肿瘤组织的生长情况,并采用免疫组化和Western印迹检测给药后残瘤组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达,采用RT-PCR检测不同T肽浓度对血管内皮细胞VEGF基因转录的影响。结果：T肽对MCF-7乳腺癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤术后残瘤生长表现出良好的抑制作用,按照瘤重得出的抑制率为68．2％,按照肿瘤体积得出的抑制率为67．6％,T肽给药组裸鼠残瘤组织中VEGF的表达量较空白对照组明显减少。血管内皮细胞中T肽呈剂量相关性抑制VEGF基因的转录。结论：T肽的抗癌作用与其抑制肿瘤微环境肿瘤组织和血管内皮细胞中VEGF的表达有密切联系,预示着T肽有潜力成为预防术后残瘤生长的抗癌新药。     

Survivin在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达及其与Ki67和p53表达的关系

目的探讨survivin在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达和意义及其与Ki67、p53表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测survivin、Ki67和p53在112例肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达情况。结果Survivin、Ki67和p53的阳性率分别为59．8％（67／112）、46．4％（52／112）和51．8％（58／112）,survivin的表达与肺癌的低分化（P=0．009）和淋巴结转移正相关（P=0．014）;Ki67和p53的表达分别与肺鳞癌、腺癌的低分化程度负相关（P〈0．05）。Survivin与Ki67和p53在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达分别正相关（P〈0．01）。结论Survivin的表达与肺鳞癌、腺癌的低分化和淋巴结转移正相关;Ki67和p53的表达分别与肺鳞癌和腺癌的低分化程度相关,survivin、Ki67和p53三者的协同表达可能是促进肺癌的恶性进展的重要因素。     

IGFBP7在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的观察胰岛素样生长结合蛋白-7(IGFBP7)在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义。方法对87例甲状腺乳头癌(PTC)组织及癌旁组织(PeT)进行IGFBP7、Ki67、p53免疫组织化学分析,其中10例提取蛋白用半定量western blot方法进行IGFBP7表达水平分析。结果 (1)IGFBP7免疫组化显示,PTC癌组织IGFBP7阳性率达78.16%(68/87),明显高于癌旁组织的31.03%(27/87)(P0.05);(2)Western blot灰度值比较,癌组织IGFBP7表达水平显著高于癌旁组织(t=2.875,P0.05);(3)Ki67、p53与IGFBP7相关性分析显示,p53表达水平与IGFBP7表达水平呈显著正相关性(r=0.261,P0.05),而Ki67表达水平与IGFBP7表达水平无相关性(r=0.148,P=0.170);(4)高水平表达的IGFBP7与PTC淋巴结转移高度相关(r=0.238,P0.05)。结论 IGFBP7表达异常增高可能与甲状腺乳头状癌发生及发展有关,有望成为诊断PTC的一项新型的生物标记物。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.