帕瑞昔布联合曲马多对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者围术期疼痛和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者围术期疼痛和炎性细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2013年4月至2016年4月收治的60例胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者,按照随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组者30例。A组患者采取帕瑞昔布镇痛;B组患者采取帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患者术后30 min、8 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果以及T0(麻醉诱导前)、T1(手术完成)、T2(术后2 h)、T3(术后6 h)、T4(术后24 h)血清IL-6、IL-8水平的变化。结果:术后30 min、8 h、12 h、24 h,A组VAS评分均高于B组同期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时血清IL-6、IL-8水平均明显低于A组患者(P0.05),两组血清IL-6、IL-8水平均在T3时刻达到最高值;A组不良反应发生率为13.3%,高于对照组的10.0%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛可提高镇痛质量,抑制炎症反应。     

帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼对甲状腺手术患者术后镇痛镇静效果、血流动力学及炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼对甲状腺手术患者术后镇痛镇静效果、血流动力学及炎症反应的影响。方法:选择2018年6月~2019年6月期间100例在我院择期行甲状腺手术患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=50,术后镇痛予以舒芬太尼)和研究组(n=50,术后镇痛予以帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼),比较两组患者术后镇痛镇静效果、血流动力学、炎症反应及不良反应。结果:两组患者术后8 h、16 h、24 h视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)呈先升高后降低趋势,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后8 h、16 h、24 h的Ramsay镇静评分呈先降低后升高趋势,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组患者术后8 h、16 h、24 h心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)呈先降低后升高趋势(P<0.05);研究组术后8 h、16 h、24 h的MAP、HR与术后即刻比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组术后8 h、16 h的MAP、HR均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后6 h、术后24 h白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)呈先升高后降低趋势,但研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:行甲状腺手术的患者术后镇痛予以帕瑞昔布钠复合舒芬太尼,可获得较好的镇痛镇痛效果,能够维持血流动力学平稳,减轻机体炎性反应,且不增加不良反应发生率。     

全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛中非选择与选择性COX-2抑制剂 的对比应用研究

目的:评价全膝关节置换术后病人早期功能锻炼过程中应用选择性环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂帕瑞昔布钠与非选择性环氧化酶(COX)抑制剂氟比洛芬酯之间的镇痛效果是否存在差异,以及对早期功能锻炼结果的影响。方法:前瞻性、随机、双盲、平行对照研究,根据纳入/排除标准,连续选取2009年6月至2010年3月在我科行单侧人工全膝关节置换术的病人60名。手术均采用腰麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉,由同一组手术医师完成,术中假体安装前关节周围软组织注射"鸡尾酒"镇痛液(罗哌卡因注射液150mg+肾上腺素(1:1000)0.5ml,由生理盐水稀释为100ml)。手术结束后进行病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。术后当天患者在护士的指导下进行股四头肌收缩功能锻炼及直腿抬高功能锻炼。术后第一天起行膝关节被动伸屈功能锻炼(CPM)及主动伸屈功能锻炼。术后第3至5天患者停PCIA镇痛后,进行试验干预。帕瑞昔布钠组给予注射用帕瑞昔布钠40mg,静注1/12小时。氟比洛芬酯组给予氟比洛芬酯注射液100mg,静注1/12小时。观察病人术后第3至5天静息状态下和活动锻炼时膝关节最大主动屈曲时的疼痛强度(VAS评分),手术侧膝关节的主动伸屈活动度及术后1月复查时的手术侧膝关节的主动伸屈活动度,KSS评分,术后第2天与第6天的血红蛋白值。结果:两组病人给药后在静息状态及膝关节最大主动屈曲时,在不同时间点的VAS评分、膝关节主动活动度及术后1月患者膝关节的主动活动度和KSS评分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应用抗凝治疗后,帕瑞昔布钠组患者血红蛋白下降值与氟比洛芬酯组存在差异(P=0.042)。结论:尚不能认为人工全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛中同时抑制COX-1和COX-2与选择性抑制COX-2之间存在差异。但应用选择性COX-2抑制剂(帕瑞昔布钠)镇痛更安全,因其有利于减少全膝关节置换术后患者抗凝治疗过程中的隐性失血。     

帕瑞昔布钠用于下肢手术术后镇痛的安全性及其对阿片类药物用量的节俭作用

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于下肢手术术后镇痛的疗效、安全性及其对阿片类药物用量的节俭作用.方法:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究,18-60岁、ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、择期硬膜外腔阻滞下下肢手术病人,手术结束时,随机静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg或生理盐水5ml,12h后再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg或生理盐水5 ml,同时采用芬太尼进行病人自控静脉镇痛.观察术后2,4,8,12和24h的疼痛强度(VAS评分)、给药前后的生命体征、不良反应和生化检查指标、术后芬太尼用量、病人自控镇痛(PCA)有效次数.结果:共完成220例,其中采用帕瑞昔布钠116例,安慰剂104例.与安慰剂组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后2,4,8,12和24h VAS评分降低(P＜0.05),而有关不良反应和检查结果异常发生率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后12h和24 h芬太尼用量明显减少(P＜0.05),术后12h和24hPCA有效次数降低(P＜0.05).结论:下肢手术后静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg bid,镇痛效果佳,安全可靠,明显减少了术后芬太尼用量,提高病人术后镇痛质量.     

帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛观察

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法选择拟全麻下行颈椎前路减压术患者60例,随机分为A组(帕瑞昔布钠+1%罗哌卡因组)30例,B组(舒芬太尼组)30例。采用瑞芬太尼和异丙酚双通道靶控输注麻醉。于缝合前即刻,A组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,1%罗哌卡因15ml逐层浸润切口周围肌肉、皮下组织和皮肤;B组静脉给予负荷量舒芬太尼4μg(4ml),行自控静脉镇痛。分别记录术后4、8、16、24h(T1、T2、T3、T4)的疼痛、镇静、恶心呕吐评分,疼痛情况用水平视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估,镇静程度以Ramsay评分法评分。结果两组患者均达到满意的镇痛效果。B组各时点Ramsay评分均高于A组,T2、T3时点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但B组T2、T3时点恶心呕吐发生率高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠联合1%罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛与舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛比较,均获得良好的镇痛效果,且不增加患者的镇静水平,减少了恶心呕吐等副作用的发生率。     

全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛中非选择与选择性COX-2抑制剂的对比应用研究

目的：评价全膝关节置换术后病人早期功能锻炼过程中应用选择性环氧化酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂帕瑞昔布钠与非选择性环氧化酶（COX）抑制剂氟比洛芬酯之间的镇痛效果是否存在差异,以及对早期功能锻炼结果的影响。方法：前瞻性、随机、双盲、平行对照研究,根据纳入/排除标准,连续选取2009年6月至2010年3月在我科行单侧人工全膝关节置换术的病人60名。手术均采用腰麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉,由同一组手术医师完成,术中假体安装前关节周围软组织注射＂鸡尾酒＂镇痛液（罗哌卡因注射液150mg＋肾上腺素（1：1000）0.5ml,由生理盐水稀释为100ml）。手术结束后进行病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）。术后当天患者在护士的指导下进行股四头肌收缩功能锻炼及直腿抬高功能锻炼。术后第一天起行膝关节被动伸屈功能锻炼（CPM）及主动伸屈功能锻炼。术后第3至5天患者停PCIA镇痛后,进行试验干预。帕瑞昔布钠组给予注射用帕瑞昔布钠40mg,静注1/12小时。氟比洛芬酯组给予氟比洛芬酯注射液100mg,静注1/12小时。观察病人术后第3至5天静息状态下和活动锻炼时膝关节最大主动屈曲时的疼痛强度（VAS评分）,手术侧膝关节的主动伸屈活动度及术后1月复查时的手术侧膝关节的主动伸屈活动度,KSS评分,术后第2天与第6天的血红蛋白值。结果：两组病人给药后在静息状态及膝关节最大主动屈曲时,在不同时间点的VAS评分、膝关节主动活动度及术后1月患者膝关节的主动活动度和KSS评分的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。应用抗凝治疗后,帕瑞昔布钠组患者血红蛋白下降值与氟比洛芬酯组存在差异（P=0.042）。结论：尚不能认为人工全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛中同时抑制COX-1和COX-2与选择性抑制COX-2之间存在差异。但应用选择性COX-2抑制剂（帕瑞昔布钠）镇痛更安全,因其有利于减少全膝关节置换术后患者抗凝治疗过程中的隐性失血。     

手术前后注射帕瑞昔布钠对脑膜瘤切除术后的镇痛效果评价

目的:比较手术前后注射帕瑞昔布钠对脑膜瘤切除术后的镇痛效果。方法:收集我院收治的120例行脑膜瘤切除术患者,随机分为术前组、术后组以及对照组,每组40例。术前组在麻醉前15 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg所有患者行麻醉诱导(咪达唑仑+异丙酚+罗库溴铵+舒芬太尼)静脉注射,维持麻醉采用异丙酚+瑞芬太尼静脉泵注,行脑膜瘤切除术术毕根据患者具体情况停用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼术后组患者在手术结束前15 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,对照组患者在手术结束前15 min静注生理盐水2mL。观察并比较三组患者各时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评分、血清皮质醇(cortisol)水平以及患者不良反应发生率。结果:与对照组相比术前组、术后组患者术后1 h的VAS评分水平较低差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术后组相比术前组患者的术后1 h的VAS评分水平较低差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后三组患者的MMSE评分与术前相比均下降(P0.05),与对照组相比术前组患者的术后1 h、术后24h MMSE评分较高差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比术前组、术后组患者术后1 h以及术后24 h的皮质醇水平较低差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术后组相比术前组患者的皮质醇水平较低差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);三组患者的副作用发生率相比无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:术前注射帕瑞昔布钠的镇痛效果较术后注射更好术后认知功能恢复较快。     

帕瑞昔布在肺癌手术多模式镇痛效果及其对凝血功能的影响

目的:研究帕瑞昔布在胸部肺癌手术后多模式镇痛效果及其对凝血功能的影响。方法:自2012年1月到2013年12月期间,全麻复合硬膜外麻醉下实施肺癌手术病人120例,分为3组,对照组(C组)和不同帕瑞昔布钠处理组(P1组和P2组)。对照组采用硬膜外镇痛,P1此基础上术前静脉用帕瑞昔布,P2组在P1基础上术后加用帕瑞昔布。观察三组手术时间、术中出血量、术中瑞芬太尼及术后吗啡用量、不同时间段VAS和术前术后凝血功能。结果:C组、P1和P2组术中出血量三组间的差异有统计学意义,P2组出血量最少(p0.05)。C组、P1和P2组术中瑞芬太尼和术后吗啡使用剂量差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。C组、P1组和P2组术后6个月时间内疼痛发生率和6个月时间内疼痛发生天数差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术中PT、APTT在三组间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕瑞昔布可降低病人开胸术后慢性疼痛综合征的发生,增加凝血功能,减少吗啡用量,且不增加不良反应发生几率,临床应用安全性可靠。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛应用于无痛人工流产术的临床实验研究

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于无痛人工流产术的临床效果及其安全性.方法:120例人工流产术患者随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和芬太尼组,对比分析两组丙泊酚的用量、唤醒时间、术中生命体征、麻醉效果、不良反应的发生情况和术后VAS评分.结果:帕瑞昔布钠组丙泊酚用量及苏醒时间均短于芬太尼组,术中血流动力学变化较芬太尼组稳定,且不良反应的发生率和VAS评分也显著低于芬太尼组(P＜0.05).结论:帕瑞昔布钠可显著减少无痛人流术中丙泊酚的总用量,麻醉效果良好,且无明显不良反应,是一种可用于无痛人工流产术的安全、有效的药物.     

氟比洛芬酯联合地佐辛用于甲状腺手术术后镇痛的研究

摘要目的：研究氟比洛芬酯与地佐辛联合应用对于甲状腺手术患者术后的镇痛效果。方法：选择90例ASAI或II级甲状腺手术的患者（包括结节性甲状腺肿,甲状腺功能亢进,甲状腺癌）。年龄21．59岁,一般状态良好,随机分为三组：（FD组）氟比洛芬酯＋地佐辛组,（F组）氟比洛芬酯组,（D组）地佐辛组,每组30例。各组于手术结束前30rain分别缓慢静脉输注药物,FD组：氟比洛芬酯50mg＋地佐辛5mg;F组：氟比洛芬酯50mg;D组：地佐辛5mg。然后各组分别泵入不同的药物,FD组：氟比洛芬酯200mg＋地佐辛30mg,F组：氟比洛芬酯200mg,D组：地佐辛30mg,均以生理盐水稀释至100mL,以2ml／h的速率持续泵注48小时。分别记录各组各时间点：（T1）术后2h、（T2）术后6h、（T3）术后12h、（T4）术后24h、（T5）术后48h的心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SPO：）及各时间点的疼痛评分（VAS）、镇静评分（Ramsay）,并记录出现的恶心、呕吐、眩晕等并发症的例数。结果：FD组、F组血流动力学较之D组平稳,D组出现一过性sP02下降。术后VAS评分D组明显高于FD组和F组（P〈0．05）,Ramsay评分FD组、F组低于D组（P〈0．05）。结论：在甲状腺手术术后镇痛的研究中,氟比洛芬酯与地佐辛联合应用,并发症少,镇痛良好,VAS、Ramsay等各项评分优于单纯应用氟比洛芬酯与地佐辛组。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.