和厚朴酚对大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜形成的抑制机制

【目的】研究不同浓度的和厚朴酚(honokiol)抑制大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)的供试菌株10389生物被膜(biofilm,BF)形成的作用机制。【方法】用氯化三苯基四氮唑比色法(TTC)和四唑盐减低法(XTT)测定honokiol抑制E.coli10389生物被膜形成的药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)及其抑制作用与时间的关系;通过qRT-PCR法检测不同浓度的honokiol对E. coli 10389生物被膜形成基因和群体感应系统相关基因表达量的影响;通过生物发光法和qRT-PCR法检测亚-MIC honokiol对E. coli 10389呋喃糖基硼酸二酯(AI-2)及其调控的与生物被膜形成相关的下游基因表达量的影响。【结果】Honokiol能抑制E.coli10389生物被膜的形成,但不同浓度的honokiol抑制E. coli 10389 BF形成的作用机制不同。其中,与对照组相比,MIC的honokiol能使E. coli 10389 BF形成相关基因编码毒素(hha)和细菌酸性调节因子(ari R) mRNA的表达量显著提高,抗毒素...     

大肠埃希菌生物被膜体外模型的建立及黄连水提物对其抑制作用的初步研究

建立大肠埃希菌生物被膜（biofilm,BF）在Ф30培养皿和96孔板表面形成的体外模型,并开展黄连水煎液对BF抑制作用的初步研究。选取临床分离的大肠埃希菌菌株,在Ф30培养皿中采用LB（Luria-Bertani medium）培养基系统复制体外BF模型,经银染后利用显微摄影系统观察BF形态;在96孔板中采用LB培养基系统复制体外BF模型,采用MTT法利用酶标仪测定OD值。将黄连水煎液作用于大肠埃希菌生物被膜体外模型,分别采用MTT法和银染法考察黄连水提物对大肠埃希菌生物被膜的影响。Ф30培养皿表面可以观察到黑染呈棉絮状的膜样物而空白组没有此样物质;96孔板中,模型组的OD值为4．191,空白组的OD值为0．069;药物作用24h后黄连组的BF明显少于空白对照组;80mg／mL的黄连水煎液即开始对大肠埃希菌生物被膜有抑制作用,抑制率为20．8％,生药浓度达到180mg／mL时为最佳抑制浓度,抑制率为70．23％。Ф30培养皿和96孔板表面可以形成大肠埃希菌生物被膜,黄连水煎液可以抑制和破坏早期及成熟BF,且其抑制作用表现出了一定的量效关系,此方法对黄连水煎液作用于大肠埃希菌生物被膜是可行且稳定的,为应用于临床试验奠定基础。     

急性肾盂肾炎合并尿路感染危险因素与致病微生物特点的临床分析

目的探讨急性肾盂肾炎合并尿路感染危险因素与致病微生物的特点。方法选择2017年4月-2018年4月在本院肾内科就诊的急性肾盂肾炎合并尿路感染患者59例,无菌操作收集患者中段尿,导管收集患者膀胱尿。2 h内送检,采用定量接种的方法,将一定量混匀未离心尿液用接种环接种于血平板或麦康凯平板进行细菌培养。相关性分析采用Pearson相关性检验。结果糖尿病、肺部感染、尿路结石、脑血管疾病和肿瘤是常见的急性肾盂肾炎(APN)合并尿路感染的危险因素。男性中段尿检出率较高的菌种有大肠埃希菌(E. coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)等;膀胱尿中检出率较高的菌种有大肠埃希菌(E. coli)、肺炎克雷伯菌(K. pneumoniae)。女性中段尿和膀胱尿中检出率较高的菌种均是大肠埃希菌(E. coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)。女性总住院时间≥4 d的患者比例明显高于男性。APN患者中合并糖尿病与大肠埃希菌(E. coli)和粪肠球菌(E. faecalis)存在正相关,尿路结石与大肠埃希菌(E. coli)、肺炎克雷伯菌(K. pneumoniae)、屎肠球菌(E. faecium)存在正相关。结论患者尿液中大肠埃希菌(E. coli)最常见,女性APN患者更容易并发尿路感染,住院时间长于男性患者。合并糖尿病的患者更容易患有大肠埃希菌(E. coli)和粪肠球菌(E. faecalis)感染,合并尿路结石的患者更倾向于大肠埃希菌(E. coli)、肺炎克雷伯菌(K. pneumoniae)、屎肠球菌(E. faecium)感染。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌生物被膜形成相关基因rpoE的鉴定

【目的】通过鸡白痢沙门氏菌基因表达和缺失株生物特性的测定,鉴定其生物被膜形成的相关σ因子。【方法】利用结晶紫染色定量法测定沙门氏菌生物被膜形成能力;通过触酶试验测定rpo S活性,确定rpo S基因依赖性和非依赖性生物被膜形成株;利用建立的荧光定量PCR方法比较rpo S基因非依赖株在指数期和生物被膜形成期6个σ因子的基因表达差异;运用Red同源重组系统构建所鉴定σ因子基因缺失株,并测定野生株和基因缺失株对于环境应激的抵抗力差异。【结果】鸡白痢沙门氏菌S6702能够形成生物被膜,触酶试验阴性,确定S6702为rpo S基因非依赖性生物被膜形成株;荧光定量PCR检测显示,培养4-24 h后S6702中rpo E基因表达量最高;与野生株相比,Δrpo S缺失株保留了生物被膜形成能力,而Δrpo E缺失株不能形成生物被膜。rpo S和rpo E基因缺失株对于环境应激的抵抗力均显著降低。【结论】在rpo S基因非依赖性生物被膜形成株中,rpo E基因为参与生物被膜形成调控的σ因子之一,这一发现可用于进一步研究沙门氏菌生物被膜形成的调控机制。     

和厚朴酚抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成

【目的】研究和厚朴酚(HNK)抑制MRSA生物被膜(BF)形成的作用机制。【方法】使用TTC法测定了HNK对供试菌株BF的形成和成熟BF的抑制作用;刚果红平板法定性检测了HNK对PIA合成的影响;分光光度法测定了HNK对供试菌株eDNA释放量的影响;RT-PCR技术检测了HNK对供试菌株icaA、cidA以及agrA基因表达量的影响。【结果】HNK对MRSA 41573 BF的形成和成熟BF均有较强的抑制作用,其中,HNK抑制MRSA 41573 BF形成的MIC和MBC分别为10μg/mL和20μg/mL;抑制成熟BF的MIC和MBC分别为50μg/mL和100μg/mL。当用亚抑菌浓度的HNK与万古霉素联合作用后,可显著提高成熟BF对万古霉素的敏感性。HNK能显著抑制PIA的合成,且呈浓度剂量依赖。HNK能抑制供试菌株eDNA的释放量,其中1/8 MIC的HNK作用供试菌株16 h后,与对照组相比,e DNA的释放量降低了28.3%。HNK可抑制供试菌株BF形成的相关基因,其中1/2 MIC的HNK作用供试菌株16 h后,与对照相比,icaA的表达量降低了59.1%,cidA的表达量降低了56%,agrA的表达量降低了72.3%。【结论】HNK能显著抑制MRSA 41573 BF的形成,其作用机制主要是通过抑制icaA和cidA基因表达量,影响PIA和eDNA的合成,进而抑制BF的形成。此外HNK也可通过调控细菌的QS系统影响BF的形成。     

玉溪市大肠埃希菌O157菌株的流行率、表型与毒力因子特征

目的:检测并分析大肠埃希菌O157(Escherichia coli O157)在玉溪市奶牛、猪、鸡和腹泻病人中的带菌率及其特征,为E.coli O157感染症的防治和该菌分离鉴定技术的建立提供科学依据.方法:将玉溪市最大的一个奶牛场、1个猪屠宰场、2个生禽市场和市医院检验科作为监测点,采集牛、猪、鸡、腹泻病人粪便标本数分别为70、250、350和400例,用免疫磁性分离法和免疫色层技术进行E.coli O157菌株的分离培养,纯化菌株经3种鉴别培养基培养以及法国生物梅里埃公司全自动微生物鉴定系统VITEK 32 GNI 或肠杆菌科鉴定系统API 20 E试条、血清学、噬菌体型、亚碲酸盐抗性、聚合酶链反应等检测与分析.结果:牛、猪、鸡、腹泻病人E.coli O157的带菌率分别为1.4%、2.0%、0和1.2%,分离到4株E.coli O157∶H7、6株E.coli O157∶Hund和1株E.coli O157∶HNM,认识了11株E.coli O157的形态学、生物化学、血清学、噬菌体型、亚碲酸盐抗性、毒力因子等特征.结论:单一动物群或人群可同时携带多株E.coli O157,甚至同一个体也会携带2株E.coli O157;E.coli O157菌株间的表型与毒力因子特征存在一定差异,基因指纹技术可确认并证实菌株间的差异性.     

详解罪魁祸首O104:H4

大肠杆菌学名大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli或E.coli),在生物界的分类为细菌界变形菌门γ-变形菌纲肠杆菌目肠杆菌科埃希氏菌属大肠杆菌种。大肠杆菌潜伏在人体内已有数百万年的历史,甚至在人类远祖还不能称作人类的时候就已经开始了。直到1885年一名叫埃舍利希的德国小儿科医生,在健康婴儿的尿     

亚抑菌浓度姜黄素对 大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动的影响

目的研究姜黄素对大肠埃希菌运动能力的影响。方法在体外应用微量法测量姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的药物敏感性,用半固体培养基法测定姜黄素对大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力的影响,并测定姜黄素作用下相关基因的表达变化。结果姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的MIC为100μg/mL,MBC为200μg/mL;亚抑菌浓度的姜黄素可抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动,下调fimB等基因及调控sRNA GcvB的表达。结论亚抑菌浓度姜黄素能抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力,并抑制泳动和丛动基因及相关sRNA的表达。     

冬凌草甲素对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的抑制机制

【背景】金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的食源性致病菌,易在食品及加工器具表面形成生物膜,引起食品腐败和疾病的传播,威胁食品安全。【目的】研究冬凌草甲素抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的作用机制。【方法】使用结晶紫染色法和扫描电镜观察冬凌草甲素对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用,刚果红平板法定性检测冬凌草甲素对细胞间多糖黏附素(polysaccharideintercellular adhesion,PIA)合成的影响,分光光度法测定冬凌草甲素对供试菌株胞外DNA (eDNA)释放量的影响,RT-PCR技术检测冬凌草甲素对供试菌株ica A、cid A、agr A和sar A基因表达量的影响。【结果】冬凌草甲素对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成有较强的抑制作用;冬凌草甲素能显著抑制PIA的合成,且呈浓度剂量依赖;冬凌草甲素能抑制供试菌株e DNA的释放量,其中1/4最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的冬凌草甲素作用金黄色葡萄球菌16 h后,与对照组相比,e DNA的释放量降低了48.62%;冬凌草甲素可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成相关基因的表达,其中1/2MIC的冬凌草甲素作用金黄色葡萄球菌16 h后,ica A、cid A、agr A和sar A基因的表达量分别比对照降低了91.6%、94.7%、77.6%和70.4%。【结论】冬凌草甲素通过抑制ica A和cid A基因的表达,影响PIA的合成和eDNA的释放,进而干预生物膜的形成。     

黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度（FIC指数）。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

The specific effect of gallic acid on Escherichia coli biofilm formation by regulating pgaABCD genes expression

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is associated with an array of health-threatening contaminations, some of which are related to biofilm states. The pgaABCD-encoded poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PGA) polymer plays an important role in biofilm formation. This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effect of gallic acid (GA) against E. coli biofilm formation. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of GA against planktonic E. coli were 0.5 and 4 mg/mL, and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm eradication concentration values of GA against E. coli in biofilms were 2 and 8 mg/mL, respectively. Quantitative crystal violet staining of biofilms and ESEM images clearly indicate that GA effectively, dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation. CFU counting and confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements showed that GA significantly reduced viable bacteria in the biofilm. The contents of polysaccharide slime, protein, and DNA in the E. coli biofilm also decreased. qRT-PCR data showed that at the sub-MIC level of GA (0.25 mg/mL) and expression of pgaABC genes was downregulated, while pgaD gene expression was upregulated. The sub-MBC level of GA (2 mg/mL) significantly suppressed the pgaABCD genes. Our results altogether demonstrate that GA inhibited viable bacteria and E. coli biofilm formation, marking a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections in the food industry.

     

A role of <Emphasis Type="Italic">ygfZ</Emphasis> in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> response to plumbagin challenge

Plumbagin is found in many herbal plants and inhibits the growth of various bacteria. Escherichia coli strains are relatively resistant to this drug. The mechanism of resistance is not clear. Previous findings showed that plumbagin treatment triggered up-regulation of many genes in E. coli including ahpC, mdaB, nfnB, nfo, sodA, yggX and ygfZ. By analyzing minimal inhibition concentration and inhibition zones of plumbagin in various gene-disruption mutants, ygfZ and sodA were found critical for the bacteria to resist plumbagin toxicity. We also found that the roles of YgfZ and SodA in detoxifying plumbagin are independent of each other. This is because of the fact that ectopically expressed SodA reduced the superoxide stress but not restore the resistance of bacteria when encountering plumbagin at the absence of ygfZ. On the other hand, an ectopically expressed YgfZ was unable to complement and failed to rescue the plumbagin resistance when sodA was perturbed. Furthermore, mutagenesis analysis showed that residue Cys228 within YgfZ fingerprint region was critical for the resistance of E. coli to plumbagin. By solvent extraction and HPLC analysis to follow the fate of the chemical, it was found that plumbagin vanished apparently from the culture of YgfZ-expressing E. coli. A less toxic form, methylated plumbagin, which may represent one of the YgfZ-dependent metabolites, was found in the culture supernatant of the wild type E. coli but not in the ΔygfZ mutant. Our results showed that the presence of ygfZ is not only critical for the E coli resistance to plumbagin but also facilitates the plumbagin degradation.     

c-di-GMP对大肠杆菌生物膜调控的研究进展

大肠杆菌生物膜是由聚集于特定介质上的大肠杆菌菌体细胞相互黏附并分泌胞外基质聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)而产生的一种结构复杂的膜状聚集物。感染宿主后的致病性大肠杆菌在形成生物膜后会极大地逃避免疫系统以及环境中各种有害因素对其的影响,对宿主造成持续甚至致命的伤害。环二鸟苷酸(cyclic diguanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)是广泛存在于细菌中的第二信使,在调节生物膜形成过程中起到至关重要的作用。基于此,本文对近些年来有关c-di-GMP对大肠杆菌生物膜形成过程中菌体的运动、黏附以及EPS产生机制的研究进行了综述,以期为从c-di-GMP角度抑制大肠杆菌生物膜提供依据和思路。     

乌梅提取物对溶藻弧菌的抑制效应与机理

[背景] 溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus）能够感染鱼、虾、贝等海洋经济动物,给海水养殖业带来了严重的经济损失,对公众健康及食品安全也构成较大威胁。[目的] 通过研究乌梅（Fructus mume）对溶藻弧菌的抑菌效应及其机理,为乌梅在水产养殖中的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。[方法] 采用试管二倍稀释法测定乌梅提取物（Fructus mume Extract,FME）对溶藻弧菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimal Inhibitory Concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC）,电导率仪检测溶藻弧菌的相对电导率,分光光度法分析溶藻弧菌的核酸泄露和呼吸链脱氢酶活性及生物膜抑制率,蛋白质电泳检测溶藻弧菌的蛋白质合成情况,扫描电子显微镜观察溶藻弧菌的亚显微结构。[结果] 乌梅提取物对溶藻弧菌的MIC和MBC分别为1.953 mg/mL和3.906 mg/mL;乌梅提取物显著增加了溶藻弧菌的相对电导率和核酸泄露,明显降低了溶藻弧菌蛋白质的合成能力,对于弧菌的亚显微形态产生了较大影响。同时乌梅提取物显著抑制了溶藻弧菌生物膜的形成和呼吸链脱氢酶的活性。[结论] 乌梅提取物通过增加溶藻弧菌细胞膜通透性及显著抑制生物膜的生成、呼吸链脱氢酶活性及蛋白质的合成,实现抑制及杀灭溶藻弧菌的目的。     

The plastid rpoA gene encoding a protein homologous to the bacterial RNA polymerase alpha subunit is expressed in pea chloroplasts

Summary The gene rpoA, encoding a protein homologous to the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli has been located in pea chloroplast DNA downstream of the petD gene for subunit IV of the cytochrome b-f complex. Nucleotide sequence analysis has revealed that rpoA encodes a polypeptide of 334 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 38916. Northern blot analysis has shown that rpoA is co-transcribed with the gene for ribosomal protein S11. A lacZ-rpoA gene-fusion has been constructed and expressed in E. coli. Antibodies raised against the fusion protein have been employed to demonstrate the synthesis of the rpoA gene product in isolated pea chloroplasts. Western blot analysis using these antibodies and antibodies against the RNA polymerase core enzyme from the cyanobacterium, Anabaena 7120, has revealed the presence of the gene product in a crude RNA polymerase preparation from pea chloroplasts.     

假单胞菌生物被膜核心胞外多糖生物合成系统研究进展

胞外多糖是假单胞菌生物被膜的重要组成部分,能增强菌体对外界环境、抗菌剂和宿主防御的耐受性.假单胞菌能产生3种与生物被膜形成密切相关的核心胞外多糖:褐藻胶、Psl和Pel,它们在细菌细胞中的合成和转运分别依赖对应的褐藻胶、Psl和Pel生物合成系统.因此,本综述系统全面地总结了假单胞菌3种胞外多糖生物合成系统结构生物学的...     

Subinhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid alter bacterial physiology and induce anthropogenic resistance in a commensal strain of Escherichia coli in vitro

The human gut houses a complex group of bacterial genera, including both opportunistic pathogens and commensal micro-organisms. These are regularly exposed to antibiotics, and their subinhibitory concentrations play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial responses. This study was aimed to investigate the effects exerted by sub-MICs of nalidixic acid (NA) on the growth rate, bacterial motility, biofilm formation and expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in a commensal strain of E. coli. The NA-sensitive strain was sequentially passaged under sub-MICs of NA. E-test was used to determine the MIC values of NA. Results indicated significant changes in the growth profile of commensal E. coli upon exposure to NA at sub-MICs. Differential expression of OMPs was observed in cells treated with sub-MICs of NA. Bacterial motility was reduced under 1/2 MIC of NA. Interestingly, successive passaging under 1/2 MIC of NA led to the emergence of resistant E. coli with an increased MIC value of 64 µg ml⁻¹ in just 24 days. The NA-resistant variant was confirmed by comparing its 16S rRNA sequence to that of the sensitive commensal strain. Mutations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions (QRDRs) of chromosomal gyrA, and Topoisomerase IV-encoding parC genes were detected in NA-resistant E. coli. Our results demonstrate how antibiotics play an important role as signalling molecules or elicitors in driving the pathogenicity of commensal bacteria in vitro.     

Interaction of Escherichia coli and its culture supernatant with Vibrio vulnificus during biofilm formation

Vibrio vulnificus is a foodborne pathogen causing septicemia with high mortality rate. In this study, we explored how Escherichia coli, one of the commensal bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract, can interact with V. vulnificus. Our study results show that the amount of biofilm produced by V. vulnificus was reduced in the presence of E. coli ATCC 35218, although the growth of V. vulnificus L-180 remained unaffected. We also detected an antibiofilm effect of E. coli culture supernatant against V. vulnificus, which could not be reduced even after heat treatment. These findings indicate that E. coli and its culture supernatant may be suitable to prevent biofilm formation by V. vulnificus. By contrast, live cells of V. vulnificus could reduce the amount of preformed E. coli biofilm, but its culture supernatant could not. This suggests that the cell-associated factors contribute toward reduction in E. coli biofilm. Therefore, we speculate that ingestion of an infectious dose of V. vulnificus might induce dislodging of the commensal bacteria from the intestinal epithelia and thus can colonize to initiate the infection.