龙鱼

近几年来,热带观赏鱼的种类,增添了新品种——龙鱼。龙鱼受到人们的喜爱,并不在于“新”,而在于奇。它那威武奇特的嘴脸,细长的胡须,体色银光粼粼。龙鱼适应性强。生活力更强,水温降到8℃,其他的热带观赏鱼已相继死亡,可是它仍能生存一段时间。而且龙鱼的食性很杂,荤素均可。龙鱼的繁殖方式很怪。其他热带观赏鱼大多产于水草上孵化,可它把卵产出后,吞进口里慢慢孵化。历经一月之久,才将其孵出幼鱼从口中吐出。目前的龙鱼品种有“巴西银龙鱼”,“巴西黑龙鱼”、“马来西亚金龙鱼”、“马来西亚青金龙鱼”“印度尼西亚红龙鱼”、“印度尼西亚红尾金龙鱼”及“澳大利亚神龙鱼”等。     

我国西南地区中三叠世安尼期龙鱼属(Saurichthys)一新种（英文）

作为一类高效的捕食者,龙鱼跻身中生代早期水生生态系统中的重要消费者。我国西南地区中三叠世安尼期的化石群中,龙鱼类在形态和分类上呈现出显著的多样性。报道了云南安尼期罗平生物群的龙鱼属(Saurichthys)一新种,它代表着龙鱼在椎骨结构和基本体型上的新变化。披刺龙鱼(新种)(Saurichthys spinosa sp. nov.)是一种小型龙鱼,其特征包括:颅顶部的眶间区(interorbital region)非常狭窄;匙骨前端膨大而腹侧呈拱状;椎骨偏大且无神经棘,侧向伸展的副神经板(paraneural plate)在躯椎里交替出现;奇鳍鳍条数量较少;体表具两列平行的披强壮棘刺的针状侧鳞。与同属其他种类相比,S. spinosa头部及躯体轴上部的高度明显减缩以致体高变小。体内侧向延长并插入水平膈的副神经板与体表刚性互锁的双排侧鳞使得整个鱼体非常僵硬,这与其体节(椎骨)数目的减少在功能上具有一致性。这一发现揭示了龙鱼类中轴骨骼结构及其体型流体力学特质的多样化。综合同时期龙鱼类在运动方式和摄食机制的创新,这些因素可能促成了安尼期东特提斯洋龙鱼类的爆发式演化,而这正是二叠纪末大绝灭后生物圈复苏过程中快速辐射阶段的一个缩影。     

云南罗平中三叠世利齿滇东龙(鳍龙超目)—新材料

记述了产自云南省罗平县中三叠世安尼期关岭组上段一件近乎完整的利齿滇东龙(Diandongosaurus acutidentatus)新标本。根据该标本所提供的新信息,讨论了部分前人研究中不确定或者存在争议的骨骼特征,并重新厘定了滇东龙的鉴定特征。分支系统学分析表明滇东龙属于始鳍龙类,且与真鳍龙亚目的亲缘关系较近。     

曼龙鱼色素细胞的显微观察

在显微镜下分别观察并用CCD摄像系统记录曼龙鱼色素细胞的显微结构特点。组成曼龙鱼的色素细胞为黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞、红色素细胞和虹彩细胞4种。黑色素细胞核较大,含黑色和棕色的色素颗粒,色彩呈黑色或褐色,在鱼体表层皆有分布,有两种形态:一种树突状分枝不明显,个体相对较小;另一种树突状分支多且较为粗大,延伸成放射状,颜色较深。黄色素细胞和红色素细胞核较小,分别含黄色素颗粒和红色素颗粒,色彩分别呈黄色或桔黄色、浅红色或紫红色。虹彩细胞核最小,含鸟粪素颗粒,呈白色或银白色,仅分布在鳞片表层。     

辽宁西部早白垩世义县组一新驰龙类

我国辽西早白垩世义县组底部陆家屯层近年来产出大量恐龙和其他脊椎动物化石 ,其中包括兽脚类恐龙当中的伤齿龙类和窃蛋龙类 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。本文报道该层位产出的一件驰龙类化石标本。通过对比研究 ,我们确认这一标本不同于热河群已知的其他 3种驰龙类 ,并建立了驰龙类的一个新属种 :陆家屯纤细盗龙 (Graciliraptorlujiatunensisgen .etsp .nov .)。驰龙类最初发现于北美晚白垩世地层中 (MatthewandBrown ,1 92 2 ) ,随后在蒙古晚白垩世地层中也有发现 (Osborn ,1 92 4 ) ;现在已知驰龙类的化石记录主要集中在北美和中亚地区的白垩纪地层中 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。千禧中国鸟龙 (Sinornithosaurusmillenii)曾代表最早的确定无疑的驰龙属种 (Xuetal.,1 999) ,其生存时代大约为 1 2 5Ma (Swisheretal.,1 999)。陆家屯纤细盗龙正型标本产于义县组底部陆家屯层 ,其上覆和下伏岩层的同位素年代分别为 1 2 8Ma和 1 39Ma (Swisheretal.,2 0 0 1 )。因此 ,陆家屯纤细盗龙代表已知最早的驰龙属种。陆家屯纤细盗龙和其他驰龙类共享以下近裔特征 :尾椎前关节突和脉弧极度加长、上颌齿后缘锯齿明显大于前缘锯齿和指节III- 2明显缩短。陆家屯纤细盗龙的以下近裔特征区别于其他驰龙类 :中部尾椎有一板状结构连接左右后关节     

记中国南方广东省南雄盆地晚白垩世一新的窃蛋龙类化石

文中记述的窃蛋龙类一新属新种：遗忘始兴龙Shixinggia oblita gen.et sp.nov.是由北京自然博物馆于1995年采自中国广东省南雄盆地的始兴县。它具有以下特征：相对短的肠骨前突,肠骨高度与长度之比率大,并且肠骨的前突及后突的腹边缘均高于髋臼的背边缘。遗忘始兴龙还显示另一特征为股骨近端转子嵴内表面具有一大的气孔,胫骨近端也有类似的相对小的孔,而这些孔在其他已知的窃蛋龙类中均没有报道。这是继2003年报道的黄氏河源龙之后,中国南方第二个新的窃蛋龙类化石。     

龙蜥属Diploderma(爬行纲Reptilia:鬣蜥科Agamidae)部分物种的分类及分布记录修订

尽管学者近期在中国龙蜥属Diploderma分类研究上取得了连续进展,我国龙蜥属物种的分布资料中仍有大量的存疑记录,例如多种龙蜥同域分布、记录分布点远离其余已知分布区、记录点与模式产地处于完全不同的生物地理区系等。本文结合形态及分子数据,对龙蜥属部分存疑记录进行了修订。确定了先前报道的云南省、西藏自治区、四川省、甘肃省及湖北省的草绿龙蜥Diploderma flaviceps记录为同属其他物种的误记;其中,四川省北部及甘肃省南部报道的草绿龙蜥为米仓山龙蜥D.micangshanense的误定,云南省中西部的草绿龙蜥为沙坝龙蜥D.chapaense的误定,西藏自治区与湖北省的草绿龙蜥分别为巴塘龙蜥D.batangense及米仓山龙蜥的误定,以上两地的巴塘龙蜥与米仓山龙蜥则分别代表西藏自治区和湖北省的省级爬行动物新记录。此外,确认了昆明龙蜥D.varcoae分布于云南省西双版纳的报道为地点信息的误记,实际标本采于云南省大理市鸡足山。确定了云南省景东彝族自治县先前记录的云南龙蜥D.yunnanense实际为沙坝龙蜥的误定,并拓展了早先认为是狭域分布的沙坝龙蜥的分布范围,将其分布区向西北方向扩大至云南省中西部。最后,更新了我国已知龙蜥属物种的分布及相关文献,并讨论了我国自然历史博物馆在更新物种分类及分布信息上的滞后及其对后续研究及物种保育的负面影响。     

辽宁北票尾羽龙(Caudipteryx)一新种

１９９８年夏,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所辽西野外考察队在北票上园张家沟采集到一块保存相当完整的、属于尾羽龙的头后骨架。该材料被订立一新种,对尾羽龙的已知特征作了重要的补充和修订。本文是对这一新材料的初步记述,并简单讨论了尾羽龙的系统位置和习性。 尾羽龙科（新科）Ｃａｕｄｉｐｔｅｒｉｄａｅ ｆａｍ． ｎｏｖ． 尾羽龙属 Ｃａｕｄｉｐｔｅｒｙｘ Ｊｉ ｅｔ ａｌ． １９９８ 董氏尾羽龙（新种） Ｃａｕｄｉｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｄｏｎｇｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． （图１～３;图版Ｉ～Ｖ） 词源种名谨献给我国杰出的恐龙学家董…     

中国境内始舌齿鱼(Eohiodon)的发现——兼论骨舌鱼类的分布

本文记述了产自苏北沭阳阜宁群上部的一始舌齿鱼,依据它在外形、鼻骨及尾部结构上与始舌齿鱼现有种的区别,将它定为一新种:沭阳始舌齿鱼(Eohiodon shuyangensis ,sp.nov.)。同时,本文对骨舌鱼类的历史动物地理学问题作了尝试性的分析。     

辽宁西部早白垩世义县组一新的手盗龙类(英文)

我国辽西早白垩世热河群义县组和九佛堂组近年来产出大量恐龙化石 ,已知兽脚类恐龙包括 8属 1 0种 ,其中 6属 8种保存有原始羽毛或者羽毛结构。已经报道的属种均产自朝阳地区。 2 0 0 1年 ,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所辽西野外考察队在邻近朝阳的锦州地区义县头台乡王家沟义县组下部采集到一件恐龙标本。这一标本保存了较为完整的肩带和前肢 ,在骨骼化石附近还保存了皮肤结构。通过研究对比 ,我们建立了手盗龙类的一个新属种 :长掌义县龙 (Yixianosauruslongimanusgen .etsp .nov .)。依据以下特征将长掌义县龙归入手盗龙类 :肩胛骨明显短于肱骨、肩臼窝的乌喙骨部分小、乌喙骨近四方形、尺骨向后弯曲以及挠骨细。长掌义县龙手部的相对长度以及手指各指节的相对比例不同于已知手盗龙类。原始兽脚类恐龙的手部一般短于肱骨 ;手盗龙手部加长 ,长于肱骨 ;原始鸟类的手部相对更长 ,但进步鸟类出现反转 ,手部次生变短。长掌义县龙手部的相对长度在非鸟兽脚类恐龙当中仅比原始祖鸟 (Protarchaeopteryx) (Jietal.,1 998)和树息龙 (Epidendrosaurus) (Zhangetal.,2 0 0 2 )短。次末端指节加长是兽脚类恐龙的一个进步特征 ,长掌义县龙具有这一特征。比如 ,长掌义县龙的手指指节Ⅱ 2长于掌骨Ⅱ ,在已知兽?     

鄂东南晚二叠世菊石新材料

记述的菊石采自鄂东南大冶柯家湾晚二叠世大隆组,主要产于硅质页岩、硅质岩的灰岩透镜体中,共8属11种.此区大隆组仅相当于长兴阶的上部;Meitianoceras 在本区的出现,表明此属不仅分布于长兴阶的下部,也可延伸到长兴阶的上部.整个大隆组的化石,以自游生物为主,底栖类型很少.菊石中壳体大、壳面肋瘤发育者数量少,而壳饰弱、个体小者大量繁盛,呈现高丰度、低分异度的特点.保存化石的灰岩透镜体中具星散状的黄铁矿.本区晚二叠世晚期处于局部封闭的海湾环境.     

New late Permian Chonetids (brachiopoda) from Southeastern Pamirs

New chonetid genera and species Subtilichonetes pamiricus gen. et sp. nov. (subfamily Undulellinae, family Rugosochonetidae) and Parvichonetes igrimiusensis gen. et sp. nov. (subfamily Tornquistiinae, family Anopliidae) are described from the Takhtabulak Formation, Changhsingian Stage of the Upper Permian of Southeastern Pamir.     

陕西梁山地区宝塔组介形类

本文报道了陕西省南郑县梁山地区中奥陶统宝塔组介形类8属10种,其中包括3新属8新种。这些介形类化石的发现,为该时代地层的划分、对比增添了新的古生物依据。     

Lowermost Triassic (Griesbachian) microbial bindstone-cementstone facies, southwest Japan

Summary On the basis of the lithostratigraphy and microscopic characters, the paper describes the facies interpretation of the upper Upper Permian (Changhsingian) and Lower Triassic (Griesbachian to Spathian) carbonates of southwest Japan, with a focus upon the lowermost Triassic (Griesbachian) microbial bindstone-cementstone. We emphasize the significant sediment-binding and stabilizing agencies of microbes chiefly of cyanobacteria along with the syndepositional cementation for the carbonate deposition on a Panthalassan buildup in a period of the Scythian reef gap. Cyanobacteria flourished as postmass extinction disaster forms in the beginning of the Triassic. The Griesbachian microbial bindstone-cementstone we describe comprises the oldest known Triassic microbial facies. Examined were the Changhsingian Mitai Formation and the Triassic Kamura Formation (Griesbachian to Norian) in southwest Japan. These units consist entirely of carbonates and are reconstructed as relict of a shallowmarine buildup upon a seamount in the Panthalassa. The Changhsingian Mitai carbonates (ca. 35 m thick) consist mainly of grainstone and packstone with a small amount of lime-mudstone. The topmost part is intensely dolomitized. The carbonate succession is characterized by an upward-decrease in number and taxonomic diversity of shallow-marine skeletal debris and an increase up-section in an amount of peloidal particles. The lower Mitai rocks are interpreted to have accumulated as skeletal sand in an oxygenated subtidal environment and the upper Mitai carbonates are considered to have been formed in a quiet intertidal environment where peloidal particles predominantly accumulated. The facies interpretation suggests the late Changhsingian regression, which led to an increase of an inhospitable condition for shallow-marine benthic communities and to an intensive dolomitization. The Kamura Formation (ca. 38 m thick) disconformably rests upon the Mitai Formation with a drastic lithologic change. The Lower Triassic rocks we focused reach 15.5 m thick and comprise the Griesbachian and Dienerian to Spathian sections. The lower part (ca. 5.5 m) of the Griesbachian section consists of dark gray carbonaceous limestone composed of thinly layered triplets of a gastropod-bearing peloidal grainstone layer, a spar-cemented frame of clotted peloids, and a thin-laminated and occasionally stromatolitic cover of cryptomicrobial micrite in ascending order. The upper two members of a triplet often form a bindstone-cementstone layer characterized by a low-relief domed structure, or a broad hump. The upper part (ca. 2 m thick) of the Griesbachian section is composed of oncolitic limestone that contains laminae packed with gastropods. The Dienerian to Spathian section (ca. 8 m thick) consists of coquinites comprising an explosive flourish and accumulation of pectinacean bivalves. We interpret the Griesbachian rocks to have accumulated in a stagnant, ecologically rigorous tidal flat, where microbes, of possible cyanobacteria, flourished. The flourish of gastropods reflects an intermittent inundation by spring tide into the peritidal environment. The deposition of gastropods was followed by a dominant cyanobacterial activity that formed a microbial bindstone-cementstone layer along with the syndepositional cementation in an intertidal zone. The cyanobacterial activity contributed to the formation of gently undulated, sediment-binding and stabilizing mats. The oncolitic limestone in the upper part of the Griesbachian section also suggests the cyanobacterial, or algal activity. The Griesbachian microbial-controlled sedimentation was followed by the mass accumulation of bivalves that most possibly reflects a rapid transgression in Dienerian time. All the results permit us to conclude that possible cyanobacteria were the significant rock-forming organisms as post-mass extinction disaster forms on a panthalassan buildup in the beginning of the Scythian reef gap. The Griesbachian carbonates here described are similar in having the important microbial control on the sedimentation to the Lower Triassic stromatolitic and thrombolitic carbonates previously known in the Tethyan platform.     

广西兴安早石炭世晚期三叶虫新资料

记述了产于广西兴安早石炭世晚期大塘阶双切尾虫亚科的１新亚属－Ｐａｌａｄｉｎｓｕｂｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．及其３新种：Ｐ．（Ｓ．）ｇｕｉｂｅｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｗ．．Ｐ．（Ｓ．）ｘｉｎｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

广西南部二叠纪长兴期放射虫动物群

广西南宁南部柳桥区的长兴组上部硅质岩中存着精美的长兴期晚期放射虫动物群,共有24属39例,其中3个新种,其中以Latentifistularia最为常见,其次是Albaillllidae和Entactiniidae,属于二叠纪晚期的Neoalbaillella optima组合。半生生物有有孔虫、海绵骨针、腕足动物等。多数属在接近二叠纪－三叠世界线附近消失,但生物群中已出现少量三叠纪分子。     

The Pleistocene Ma U’Oi cave, northern Vietnam: palaeontology, sedimentology and palaeoenvironments

In November 2001, a Vietnamese-French team undertook the excavation of the Ma U’Oi cave in northern Vietnam. This limestone karst cave is located in the province of Hoà Binh, 70 km ESE from Hanoi and is typical of the northern Vietnam landscape. The site yielded an in situ mammalian fauna of a relatively modern composition. We also found a mixed fauna with a lower molar attributed to an archaic Homo(Demeter et al., in press). We estimate the age of Ma U’Oi fauna between 169 kyr, the age of Thum Wiman Nakin (Esposito et al., 1998) estimated by U/Th method and 80-60 kyr, the biochronological age of Lang Trang (Long et al., 1996), or even Holocene. The Ma U’Oi site is important because of the scarcity of Vietnamese sites of those particular levels. For that reason, it fills a gap in the biostratigraphy of Vietnam and permits new correlations with other sites of the mainland, especially those well documented from Thailand.     

老挝北部宾夕法尼亚纪的一个新(筳)类动物群

作者报道了一个小型■类动物群,包括Eostaffella? sp., Pseudoendothyra sp., Staffella pseudosphae-roidea Dutkevich, Neostaffella ( N.)sp ., Profusulinella bona Grozdilova et Lebedeva以及P.cf .prisca (Depart) ,此动物群是在老挝北部琅勃拉邦省西南部的Thong Phiang Vilay村附近的石灰岩山中发现的。根据Profusulinella bona和P.cf. prisca的出现,该动物群的时代可归到晚石炭世宾夕法尼亚纪巴什基尔期或莫斯科期最早期。这是在老挝北部对该时代■类动物群的首次报道。当前■类动物群证明琅勃拉邦地区和泰国北部的黎地区在地质上有重要的关系,表明老挝北部地区从地质构造上属于印度支那板块的边缘。     

新疆昆仑山黄羊岭—木孜塔格一带早二叠世的(竹蜓)

本文报道了新疆昆仑山黄羊岭—木孜塔格地区下二叠统黄羊岭群的分布、层序划分及对比;首次对黄羊岭群所含?类进行了研究和描述。共描述早三叠世?类15属26种,其中4个新种,1个新亚种,2个未定种。 黄羊岭群下亚群和华南的栖霞组大致可以对比,黄羊岭群上亚群和华南茅口组大致可以对比。黄羊岭群的早二叠世?类,属典型的特提斯海暖水?类,生物地理分区上属特提斯大区的华夏-特提斯区。     

Latest Permian Palaeolithocycliidae (Radiolaria) from South China

The family Palaeolithocycliidae Kozur and Mostler was formerly thought to be ranging from Devonian to Carboniferous. However, a lot of radiolarians assignable to this family were discovered in the late Changhsingian (Latest Permian) of South China. Six species, including Palaeolithocyclia pilata n. sp., Palaeolithocyclia platta n. sp., Paramphibrachium woni n. sp., Klaengspongus spinosus Sashida, Klaengspongus formosus n. sp. and Klaengspongus umbilicatus n. sp., have been identified. In this paper, these species are illustrated and described.