食品级乳酸乳球菌pNZ8149-luc质粒的构建及表达

目的:构建能够稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因(luc)的乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis, L.lactis)食品级表达系统,以便后续研究对目的基因进行示踪。方法:从pGL4.10质粒中PCR扩增萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因,测序,克隆至载体pNZ8149,构建pNZ8149-luc表达质粒;电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,采用乳糖筛选法获得重组的乳酸乳球菌,Nisin诱导,采用微孔板发光检测仪检测荧光素酶的存在,Western Blot检测目标蛋白luc的表达。结果:PCR扩增的荧光素酶报告基因成功克隆至pNZ8149质粒,并电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,得到乳酸乳球菌表达系统NZ3900/pNZ8149-luc。Nisin诱导后,检测到荧光素酶随诱导时间的延长活性逐渐增强,时间超过24 h之后荧光素酶活性逐渐下降。Western Blot检测到目标蛋白luc在胞内表达。结论:成功构建了p NZ8149-luc表达载体,并能够在乳酸乳球菌体内稳定表达。     

表达空肠弯曲菌CfrA蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及其免疫效果北大核心CSCD

【目的】本试验将空肠弯曲菌肠菌素受体蛋白CfrA编码基因导入食品级乳酸乳球菌表达系统,然后将重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫鸡,降低空肠弯曲菌在鸡肠道中的定殖。【方法】利用PCR分别扩增空肠弯曲菌cfrA全基因及其N端片段,插入食品级表达载体pNZ8149多克隆位点并转化乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,通过Western blot鉴定重组菌株CfrA蛋白表达情况,同时通过筛选nisin浓度、温度、时间等诱导条件优化重组蛋白表达水平;进而将重组乳酸乳球菌经口服免疫SPF鸡,免疫后分别测定乳酸乳球菌自鸡体内的排出情况、以及诱导CfrA血清抗体和粘膜抗体水平,最后将空肠弯曲菌口服攻毒免疫后的鸡,通过测定鸡泄殖腔棉拭子中空肠弯曲菌的数目来判定口服免疫效果。【结果】Western blot检测显示CfrA全基因及其N端片段均可在重组乳酸乳球菌胞内可溶性表达,不分泌,筛选的最佳诱导表达条件为nisin浓度25 ng/mL、温度37°C、时间1 h。口服乳酸乳球菌10 d内自鸡体完全排空;鸡口服免疫后可产生CfrA蛋白特异性的血清IgG和肠粘膜sIgA抗体;重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫后空肠弯曲菌在鸡体内的增殖速度显著低于对照组。【结论】成功构建了重组CfrA蛋白的食品级乳酸乳球菌诱导表达系统;表达CfrA蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫鸡对空肠弯曲菌在鸡肠道的定殖具有一定的抑制作用,为研制重组乳酸菌口服家禽免疫制剂防治空肠弯曲菌奠定了基础。     

使用偏爱密码子大幅度提高苯丙氨酸脱氨酶在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为获得苯丙氨酸脱氨酶(PAL)在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的高效表达,将欧芹palcDNA(palnat)及根据乳酸乳球菌偏爱密码子设计人工合成的pal基因(palart)重组并转化到两种乳酸乳球菌NICE诱导表达系统中,测定基因工程菌表达PAL酶的量及活性,对比分析密码子偏爱性对乳酸乳球菌表达外源蛋白的影响。结果表明在两种乳酸乳球菌NICE表达系统中,使用偏爱密码子均可显著提高PAL酶的表达效率,使NZ9000/pNZ8048表达系统表达量提高22.23倍,NZ3900/pNZ8149系统提高35.90倍。此研究获得了安全高效表达PAL,可用于治疗苯丙酮尿症的基因工程菌。     

乳酸乳球菌食品级诱导表达系统的构建及异源蛋白的表达

以α-aga基因为食品级选择标记构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级高效诱导细胞内和细胞壁锚定表达系统,并用这一表达系统表达了铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因OprF/H。首先以pRAF800和pNZ8048构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-MCS-TpepN和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞内诱导表达载体pRNA48,再以pRNA48和pVE5524为出发载体构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-SPUsp45-nucA-CWAM6-t1t2和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌细胞壁锚定诱导表达载体pRNV48。然后以食品级载体pRNA48和pRNV48为基础,构建了不含抗生素抗性选择标记的铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因的表达质粒pRNA48-OprF/H和pRNV48-OprF/H。利用nisin进行重组乳酸乳球菌菌株的诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,检测到表达蛋白分别占细胞内可溶蛋白的9.6%和细胞壁锚定蛋白的9.8%,表达产物具有免疫原性,可与含OprF/H的乳球菌以及铜绿假单胞菌发生特异性的凝集反应。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌PagC蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中的表达研究

目的构建能够表达甲型副伤寒沙门菌外膜蛋白(Pag C)的乳酸乳球菌。方法 PCR扩增pag C基因,亚克隆至p MD18-T载体并测序,从亚克隆载体中酶切回收pag C基因,插入p MG36e并命名为p MG36e-pag C,转化乳酸乳球菌MG1363。溶菌酶加超声的方法破碎重组乳酸乳球菌,SDS-PAGE以及Western blot检测Pag C蛋白的表达。结果 p MG36e-pag C鉴定正确,Western blot检测到p MG36e-pag C/MG1363表达的Pag C蛋白。结论成功构建能组成型表达Pag C蛋白的乳酸乳球菌。     

表达增强绿色荧光蛋白重组乳酸菌的构建

以乳酸乳球菌通用表达载体pMG36e为基本骨架,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)插入该载体组成型表达强启动子p32的下游,构建了eGFP标记的乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-eGFP。重组质粒电击转化一株乳酸乳球菌BLCC02-0018。筛选阳性转化子,通过连续荧光强度检测,验证eGFP基因能否在重组菌中稳定表达。重组表达质粒pMG36e-eGFP酶切及测序结果与预期片段大小相符,表明成功构建了重组乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-eGFP;对阳性转化子进行蓝光激发,可见明显的绿色荧光,且荧光稳定性强,连续传代30代仍可见荧光,结果表明已经成功构建表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌,为下一步研究乳酸菌在动物体内的分布定殖规律打下了基础。     

乙醛脱氢酶在乳酸乳球菌中的表达与纯化

目的:在乳酸乳球菌中重组表达乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)。方法:合成毕赤酵母ALDH基因,PCR扩增后通过重组构建pNZ8048-ALDH表达载体,电转至乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态,Nisin诱导表达后经Ni柱亲和层析纯化ALDH蛋白,比色法测定酶活。结果:构建了pNZ8048-ALDH表达载体,在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中实现了ALDH的重组表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的17.2%,其中可溶性表达比例为53%,重组菌株ALDH活力为0.638 U/mL,亲和层析纯化蛋白纯度约70%,比活为0.48 U/mg。结论:在乳酸乳球菌中表达并纯化获得了有活性的ALDH。     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及免疫原性分析

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突(S)蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR扩增,获得含有TGEVS基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp的目的片段,将其与分泌表达的载体质粒pNZ8112进行连接,通过电击转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽(Nisin)的诱导下进行表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,表明TGEVS蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中获得表达,所表达的TGEVS蛋白具有与TGE病毒一样的抗原特异性。间接免疫荧光试验表明重组菌表达蛋白定位于菌体表面。将表达TGEVS蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌及空质粒菌株分别口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品进行抗体检测,结果表明分泌型的重组菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗TGEVsIgA抗体。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白在乳酸菌中的表达

目的：构建猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白的细胞内表达重组乳酸乳球菌,确定其最佳表达条件,为重组乳酸菌作为口服疫苗防治猪传染性胃肠炎奠定基础。方法：根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突（S）蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR,获得含有TGEV S基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp目的片段,将其与表达载体质粒pNZ8048进行连接,通过电转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽（Nisin）的诱导下进行表达,确定最佳表达条件;并通过SDS-PAGE进行检测和Western-blot分析表达蛋白活性。结果：成功获得了TGEV S蛋白在乳酸乳球菌细胞内的表达并且表达的蛋白具有TGE全病毒的抗原性。确定了乳酸乳球菌表达TGEV S蛋白的最佳表达条件为在以1ng/ml的乳链杆菌肽nisin诱导下,诱导后3h,重组蛋白表达效率达最高,重组蛋白约占菌体总蛋白含量的8．7％。结论：在乳酸乳球菌细胞内表达的重组TGEV S蛋白获得了理想表达,为进一步研制开发防治TGE口服疫苗提供物质基础。     

食品级分泌表达载体的构建及报告蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为构建乳酸乳球菌食品级分泌表达载体,通过PCR扩增质粒pMG36e的p32启动子片段及乳酸乳球菌MG1363未知分泌蛋白(Usp45)基因的核糖体结合位点、分泌信号肽和成熟肽前11个氨基酸的编码序列(SPusp45),克隆到食品级载体pSH91中,构建食品级分泌性表达载体pSQ;克隆报告基因金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶(NucA)成熟肽的编码序列nucA到pSQ中分泌信号后,转化乳酸乳球菌MBP71,构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级分泌性表达系统L lactis/pSQ-nucA;通过TB-D法和酶谱法检测L lactis/pSQ-nucA的表达形式、表达量并与以前构建的L lactis/pSQZ-nucA系统表达能力进行比较,结果发现L lactis/pSQ-nucA能够分泌性表达NucA,分泌性表达的NucA量大约是胞内NucA的10倍;L lactis/pSQ-nucA的表达量高于lactis/pSQZ-nucA.为进一步目的蛋白的的分泌性表达及食品级疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

Lack of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function induces a palmitoyl-CoA Delta6 desaturase and represses the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-3 gene in the preputial glands of the mouse

The mouse preputial gland (PG), a specialized sebaceous structure, is rich in wax esters, triglycerides, and alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol. We have found that the mouse PG expresses the three gene isoforms (SCD1, SCD2, and SCD3) of the Delta9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids mainly, C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-9. However, mice with a targeted disruption in the SCD1 isoform (SCD1(-/-)) have undetectable SCD3 mRNA expression in the PG while the expression of SCD2 isoform was not altered. The levels of C16:1n-7 were reduced by greater than 70% while that of C18:1n-9 were reduced by 28%. The content of the C16:1n-10 (Delta6 hexadecenoic acid) isomer and a major fatty acid of the PG was increased by greater than 2-fold, mainly in the wax ester fraction of the SCD1(-/-) mouse. We demonstrate that the increase in C16:1n-10 is due to induction of a specific palmitoyl-CoA Delta6 desaturase activity. Testosterone administration to the SCD1(-/-) mouse induced SCD3 mRNA expression and resulted in an increase in the Delta9 desaturation of 16:0-CoA, but not of 18:0-CoA. These observations demonstrate that loss of SCD1 function alters the expression of SCD3 and reveal for the first time the presence and regulation of a palmitoyl-CoA Delta6 desaturase enzyme in mammals.     

Effects of sterculic acid on stearoyl-CoA desaturase in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes

The effects of sterculic acid on cell size, adiposity, and fatty acid composition of differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes are correlated with stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression (mRNA and protein levels) and enzyme activity. Fluorescence-activated cell scanning (FACS) analysis showed that adipocytes differentiated with methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI) plus 100 microM sterculic acid comprised a population of predominantly large cells with reduced adiposity compared to MDI-treated cells. Although both groups had similar amounts of total fat, their fatty acid profiles were strikingly different: MDI-treated cells had high levels of the unsaturated palmitoleic (Delta(9)-16:1) and oleic (Delta(9)-18:1) acids, whereas the cells cultured with MDI plus sterculic acid accumulated palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids together with a marked reduction in Delta(9)-16:1. Although the cells treated with MDI plus sterculic acid had similar levels of scd1 and scd2 mRNAs and antibody-detectable SCD protein as the MDI-treated cells, the SCD enzyme activity was inhibited more than 90%. The accumulation of 16:0 and 18:0, together with normal levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and aP2 mRNAs, shows that de novo synthesis and elongation of fatty acids, as well as cell differentiation, were not affected by sterculic acid. Because of the increase in cell size in the sterculic acid-treated cells, the insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake was determined. Compared to MDI-treated cells, the 2-DOG uptake in the cells treated with sterculic acid was not affected. These results indicate that sterculic acid directly inhibits SCD activity, possibly by a turnover-dependent reaction, without affecting the processes required for adipocyte differentiation, scd gene expression or SCD protein translation.     

酸适应对一株乳酸乳球菌膜脂肪酸组成和膜蛋白表达的影响

[目的]筛选具有较强酸适应能力的菌株,研究酸适应对其膜脂肪酸组成和膜蛋白表达的影响.[方法]从20株菌中筛选出一株具有较强酸适应能力的乳酸乳球菌KLDS4.0312,以GC-MS法测定该菌酸适应前后膜脂肪酸组成变化;对酸适应前后该菌膜蛋白的差异表达进行双向电泳分析.[结果]酸适应后,该菌膜不饱和脂肪酸含量从30.77%上升到42.93%,饱和脂肪酸含量从69.23%下降到57.07%,且有一种新的长链单不饱和脂肪酸C<,19:1>-n6被诱导产生.酸适应过程中至少有65个蛋白质点表达出现显著差异,其中上调的蛋白质点有43个,减弱表达的蛋白质点有22个.而添加氯霉素后,菌株的酸适应能力消除,可能与氯霉素抑制新蛋白的合成有关.[结论]说明细胞膜脂肪酸组成的适应性改变和应激蛋白的诱导产生是该菌主要的酸适应机制.     

牛凝乳酶原基因在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

【目的】利用乳酸乳球菌nisin诱导基因表达系统(the NIsin Controlled gene Expression system,NICE)表达牛凝乳酶原。【方法】从克隆载体pS19-PPC中获得牛凝乳酶原基因,将该基因与表达载体pNZ8148连接并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,转化子经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定后,用nisin进行诱导表达,表达产物利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,表达产物纯化后检测凝乳活性。【结果】重组牛凝乳酶原与天然牛凝乳酶原比较,其分子量大小、免疫性质、生物活性和抑制剂敏感性没有发现显著差异,其凝乳活性可达2×103IMCU/mL。【结论】在乳酸乳球菌中表达了具有凝乳活性的牛凝乳酶原,同时乳酸乳球菌作为发酵剂和凝乳酶产生菌双重角色的实现,为奶酪加工提供了新思路和新方法。     

乳酸乳球菌作为黏膜免疫活载体疫苗传递抗原的研究进展

乳酸菌是人和动物肠道内的常见细菌,被公认为安全级(generally recognized as safe,GRAS)微生物。近年来,对于乳酸菌作为宿主菌表达外源蛋白或抗原的研究取得了一定进展。乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)是乳酸菌的代表菌种,以其生长迅速、易于操作等优点成为表达外源抗原,作为黏膜免疫活载体疫苗的理想菌株。随着对乳酸乳球菌基因工程的研究逐渐深入,已发展了一系列组成型和诱导型乳酸乳球菌表达系统以及蛋白定位系统。破伤风毒素片段C、布氏杆菌L7/L12蛋白等多种病原微生物抗原已成功在乳酸乳球菌中表达,并已证明部分重组乳酸乳球菌作为黏膜免疫疫苗可以同时刺激局部黏膜免疫应答和系统免疫应答。目前,如何使活载体乳酸乳球菌以最佳方式向黏膜免疫系统提呈抗原继而诱导有效免疫反应是该领域的研究热点,也是巨大挑战。实现外源抗原在乳酸乳球菌中的准确定位及与细胞因子的共表达是未来研究的重要方向之一。乳酸乳球菌作为黏膜免疫活载体疫苗传递外源抗原具有广阔的应用前景。     

Plasmid transformation by electroporation of Leuconostoc paramesenteroides and its use in molecular cloning

In this report, we demonstrate the utility of electroporation as an efficient method for genetic transformation of Leuconostoc paramesenteroides. We optimized several factors which determine the transformation frequency, resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 4 x 10(3) transformants per micrograms of pNZ12 DNA, which contains the promiscuous Lactococcus lactis pSH71 replicon. Slightly lower efficiencies were obtained with a deletion derivative of the broad-host-range plasmid pAM beta 1. These plasmids could be stably maintained in L. paramesenteroides NZ6009 for more than 100 generations, even in the absence of selective pressure. In order to show the use of the developed host-vector system, we cloned the Lactococcus lactis gene encoding phospho-beta-galactosidase in L. paramesenteroides. Expression of this heterologous gene in L. paramesenteroides under control of Lactococcus lactis expression signals was evident from the presence, in transformants, of phospho-beta-galactosidase activity and a specific phospho-beta-galactosidase protein band on Western blots (immunoblots). In addition, we transformed a lactose-deficient derivative of L. paramesenteroides with a plasmid carrying a Lactococcus lactis-Escherichia coli lacZ gene fusion. The resulting transformants synthesized high levels of beta-galactosidase, indicating the efficiency of heterologous gene expression signals in L. paramesenteroides.     

Plasmid transformation by electroporation of Leuconostoc paramesenteroides and its use in molecular cloning.

In this report, we demonstrate the utility of electroporation as an efficient method for genetic transformation of Leuconostoc paramesenteroides. We optimized several factors which determine the transformation frequency, resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 4 x 10(3) transformants per micrograms of pNZ12 DNA, which contains the promiscuous Lactococcus lactis pSH71 replicon. Slightly lower efficiencies were obtained with a deletion derivative of the broad-host-range plasmid pAM beta 1. These plasmids could be stably maintained in L. paramesenteroides NZ6009 for more than 100 generations, even in the absence of selective pressure. In order to show the use of the developed host-vector system, we cloned the Lactococcus lactis gene encoding phospho-beta-galactosidase in L. paramesenteroides. Expression of this heterologous gene in L. paramesenteroides under control of Lactococcus lactis expression signals was evident from the presence, in transformants, of phospho-beta-galactosidase activity and a specific phospho-beta-galactosidase protein band on Western blots (immunoblots). In addition, we transformed a lactose-deficient derivative of L. paramesenteroides with a plasmid carrying a Lactococcus lactis-Escherichia coli lacZ gene fusion. The resulting transformants synthesized high levels of beta-galactosidase, indicating the efficiency of heterologous gene expression signals in L. paramesenteroides.     

Oleoyl-CoA is the major de novo product of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene isoform and substrate for the biosynthesis of the Harderian gland 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol

1-Alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol (ADG) is a unique neutral lipid found in the eyeball-associated Harderian gland (HG) of the mouse and acts as a lubricant to facilitate eyelid movement. We found that the HG of the mice with a disruption in the gene for stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) (SCD1-/-) is deficient in ADG. The amount of C20:1n-9, which is a major fatty acid of ADG, was reduced by greater than 90% despite normal elongase enzyme activity proposed to elongate it from C18:1n-9. HG from SCD1-/- mice exhibited high desaturase activity toward C16:0-CoA as substrate but had very low desaturase activity toward C18:0-CoA. Feeding diets containing high levels of oleate to the SCD1-/- mice did not increase the levels of C18:1n-9 or C20:1n-9 in the HG and failed to restore the ADG to the levels found in the HG of the wild-type mouse. De novo ADG synthesis as measured by the incorporation of [(3)H]glycerol and [(14)C]glucose was high in the SCD1+/+ mouse but was reduced by greater than 90% in the HG of SCD1-/- mouse. The deficiencies in the levels of ADG and C20:1n-9 were not compensated for by the expression of SCD2 and SCD3 isoforms in the HG of the SCD1-/- mouse. These observations demonstrate that SCD1-synthesized oleoyl-CoA is a major substrate required for the biosynthesis of normal levels of ADG and that the SCD isoforms present in the HG have different substrate specificity.