汉族人群NOS3 A-922G、NOS3 T-786C 与NOS3 G894T SNP的等位基因及其组合分布与高血压的相关性

为了分析汉族人群一氧化氮合酶基因NOS3 A-922G、NOS3 T-786C 与NOS3 G894T单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）的等位基因及其组合分布与高血压病的相关性,选取无亲缘关系的高血压病人192例(男97例,女95例)以及无亲缘关系的健康个体122例（男76例,女46例）为对照组,提取静脉血白细胞基因组DNA,采用等位基因特异性引物PCR技术检测NOS3 A-922G、NOS3 T-786C 与NOS3 G894T 3个位点的基因型。其结果显示：高血压病组与对照组NOS3 G894T、NOS3A-922G及NOS3 T-786C各等位基因型及其基因单倍型频率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。男、女性别分层研究：无论男亚组还是女亚组均未发现NOS3 A-922G、NOS3 T-786C 与NOS3 G894T各个位点SNP与高血压病有相关性。等位基因组合分布研究发现NOS3 G894G +A-922G+T-786T组合基因型总体频率分布在高血压病组与正常对照组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05,χ2= 4.5944)。男、女性别分层研究：男亚组上述3个位点SNP的各个组合基因型分布频率在高血压病组与正常对照组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);女亚组中携带NOS3 G894G+A-922G+T-786C 的组合基因型分布频率在高血压病组与正常对照组之间有显著性差异(P<0.01,χ2=8.502)。研究发现,在中国汉族人群中NOS3A–922 G、NOS3 T-786C 与NOS3 G894T SNP与高血压病无明确的相关性,且无性别差异。组合分布研究发现,NOS3 G894G+A-922G+T-786C 的组合基因型分布频率在高血压病女性亚组较健康女性亚组明显减低,提示携带该组合基因型女性人群可能不易患高血压病。     

中华鳖MyoD1基因SNP鉴定及其与生长性状的关联分析

为了研究生肌决定因子1(MyoD1)基因多态性与中华鳖生长性状的相关性,采用直接测序法在MyoD1基因上共检测到6个SNP位点(T-49G、A-38G、C91T、A187T、C880T和T1522A),其中C880T位于外显子上,属于错义突变。对从同批繁殖、同块稻田养殖的2冬龄中华鳖群体中随机选取的178只个体中各位点的基因型进行检测。结果显示,所有位点在中华鳖群体中的平均有效等位基因数、平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为1.636 5、0.349 3和0.375 4,除A187T位点外,其余5个位点的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。采用一般线性模型分析各位点与中华鳖生长性状之间的相关性,研究发现,T-49G位点GG基因型个体的背甲宽显著大于TT基因型,A-38G位点AG基因型个体的背甲宽显著大于AA基因型,A187T位点TT基因型个体的体高显著大于AA基因型,T1522A位点AA基因型个体的体质量显著大于TT、TA基因型,其余位点不同基因型个体间的生长性状均不存在显著差异。T-49G、A-38G、A187T和T1522A位点与生长性状显著相关,可作为中华鳖分子标记辅助育种的候选标记。     

葡萄糖转运体9(GLUT9)基因启动子区的rs13124007(G/C)及rs6850166(G/A)位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与汉族女性痛风相关性研究

目的:探讨葡萄糖转运体9(GLUT9)基因启动子区的rs13124007(C/G)及rs6850166(A/G)位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与中国汉族女性人群痛风易感性之间的相关性.方法:选取185例痛风患者和300例正常对照者,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR技术),特异性扩增GLUT9基因所需要的目的片段,对扩增的目的片段进行测序后,比较痛风组和正常对照组的基因型频率及等位基因频率分布情况.结果:女性痛风组中GLUT9基因的启动子区rs13124007和rs6805116两个位点的基因型频率分布与正常对照组相比,统计学上无明显的差异(X2=0.906,P=0.636;X2=3.335,P=0.189),rs13124007 SNP位点的C等位基因频率和rs6850166SNP位点的A的等位基因频率与正常对照组相比也无明显的统计学差异(X2=0.506,P=0.477;X=3.268,P=0.071).结论:葡萄糖转运体9(GLUT9)基因启动子区的rs 13124007(C/G)及rs6850166(A/G)位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与中国汉族女性人群痛风易感性无明显的相关性.     

葡萄糖转运体9（GLUT9）基因启动子区的rs13124007（G/C）及rs6850166（G/A）位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与汉族女性痛风相关性研究（英文）

目的：探讨葡萄糖转运体9（GLUT9）基因启动子区的rs13124007（C/G）及rs6850166（A/G）位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与中国汉族女性人群痛风易感性之间的相关性。方法：选取185例痛风患者和300例正常对照者,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR技术）,特异性扩增GLUT9基因所需要的目的片段,对扩增的目的片段进行测序后,比较痛风组和正常对照组的基因型频率及等位基因频率分布情况。结果：女性痛风组中GLUT9基因的启动子区rs13124007和rs6805116两个位点的基因型频率分布与正常对照组相比,统计学上无明显的差异（X2=0.906,P=0.636;X2=3.335,P=0.189）,rs13124007 SNP位点的C等位基因频率和rs6850166SNP位点的A的等位基因频率与正常对照组相比也无明显的统计学差异（X2=0.506,P=0.477;X2=3.268,P=0.071）。结论：葡萄糖转运体9（GLUT9）基因启动子区的rs13124007（C/G）及rs6850166（A/G）位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与中国汉族女性人群痛风易感性无明显的相关性。     

中国人群中STK15基因内两种非同义SNP的连锁不平衡和单体型分析

STK15基因编码一种丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶,哺乳动物细胞中其过量表达将导致中心体扩增、染色体不稳定和细胞癌变。STK15基因外显子3中有3种非同义单核苷酸多态(SNP),即：91A→T(131F)、169G→A(V571)和311C→T(S104L)。新近研究发现,91A→T与人类肿瘤遗传易感性相关。应用PCR-RFLP技术确定了91A→T(131F)和169G→A(V571)两种SNP在中国人群中的基因型和单体型。采用巢式PCR方法扩增了193例正常个体的DNA样品,通过错配正向巢式内引物引入EcoRⅠ酶切位点。巢式PCR扩增产物用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和ACCⅡ双酶切消化,其中EcoRⅠ能酶切91A,AccⅡ能切开169G,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染法鉴定双酶切结果,发现了4种可能的单体型中的3种,其单体型频率分别为：p(91A-169G)=68．65％,p(91T-169A)=10．88％,p(91T-169G)=20．47％,p(91A-169A)=0％;它们组成的6种基因型及频率分别为：91A-169G／91A-169G(46．11％),91A-169G／91T-169A(14．51％),91A-169G／91T-169G(30．57％)．91T-169G／91T-169G(3．11％),91T-169G／91T-169A(4．15％),91T-169A／91T-169A(1．55％)。等位基因及单体型数据分析结果表明,91A→T(131F)和169G→A(V571)之间存在连锁不平衡。     

IL-17A基因单核苷酸位点多态性与胃癌预后的相关性研究

探讨白介素17A基因多态性与胃癌预后的关系。129例研究对象纳入生存分析,分成死亡和存活两组,用基因测序的方法检测血液样本IL-17A基因SNP位点rs3748067、rs17880588基因型分布。rs3748067位点有3种基因型T/T、C/T、C/C,rs17880588位点有2种基因型A/G、G/G。比较存活组和死亡组之间的基因型分布频率和单点等位基因分布频率,发现rs3748067的基因型C/T在死亡组的分布频率较存活组高,基因型T/T和C/C在死亡组的分布频率低于存活组,两组之间分布频率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。杂合型C/T基因型在存活组分布低于死亡组(OR=2.051,CI=0.016~1.420),该位点基因型杂合可能为胃癌预后的一种危险因素。rs17880588的两种基因型A/G、G/G在存活组和死亡组的分布频率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IL-17A基因rs3748067位点SNP与胃癌预后可能有相关性。     

NIDDM新候选基因KCNA7的cSNP在东北人群中的分布及意义

为研究NIDDM新候选基因KCNA7的cSNP在东北人群中的分布及意义,本实验采用PCR-RFLP技术检测了97例NIDDM患者、141例健康对照者KCNA7基因418M（C/T）多态;并利用SSCP技术筛查了该位点附近其他未知SNP。发现CNA7 基因T418M（C/T）基因型频率在正常人群中分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,基因频率和基因型频率在NIDDM组和正常对照组中分布无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;NIDDM组和正常对照组中各基因型间临床生化指标无显著性差异;该位点附近尚未发现其他SNP。结果提示,T418M（C/T）仅为KCNA7基因多态性标志,但不排除KCNA7基因其余结构变异与NIDDM存在相关性的可能。     

脑源性神经营养因子基因多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联性研究

目的：探讨脑源性神经营养因子（Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF）G196A、C270T及Val66Met3个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的关系。方法：选取无亲缘关系的ADHD患者共114例,健康对照共96例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测G196A、C270T和Val66Met3个多态性位点的多态性,采用HaploView4.0及SPSS13.0软件进行连锁不平衡分析并比较两组基因型分布和等位基因频率。结果：BDNF三个多态性位点基因型及等位基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。ADHD组G196A和C270T多态性位点分布与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而BDNF基因Val66Met位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布在ADHD组与对照组存在显著性差异（p〈0.05）,ADHD组Val66Met位点的等位基因G（Val）频率显著高于正常对照组。结论：BDNF基因Val66Met多态性可能与ADHD发病有关,携带有Val66Met多态性位点G等位基因的个体可能更容易产生ADHD。     

脑源性神经营养因子基因多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联性研究

目的:探讨脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)G196A、C270T及Val66Met3个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的关系。方法:选取无亲缘关系的ADHD患者共114例,健康对照共96例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测G196A、C270T和Val66Met3个多态性位点的多态性,采用HaploView4.0及SPSS13.0软件进行连锁不平衡分析并比较两组基因型分布和等位基因频率。结果:BDNF三个多态性位点基因型及等位基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。ADHD组G196A和C270T多态性位点分布与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而BDNF基因Val66Met位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布在ADHD组与对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.05),ADHD组Val66Met位点的等位基因G(Val)频率显著高于正常对照组。结论:BDNF基因Val66Met多态性可能与ADHD发病有关,携带有Val66Met多态性位点G等位基因的个体可能更容易产生ADHD。     

MMP-13基因多态性与食管癌、贲门癌遗传易感性的关联研究

采用病例-对照研究, 分析河北省磁、涉县食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者和贲门腺癌(GCA)患者与健康对照人群的基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)基因启动子区转录起始点上游77 bp处A/G多态等位基因和基因型频率分布的差异, 旨在探讨此基因多态性与ESCC、GCA遗传易感性的关系。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测316名ESCC患者、243名GCA患者和609名健康对照的MMP-13 A-77G SNP的基因型。结果表明, MMP-13 SNP的基因型及等位基因型频率在两患者组和健康对照组之间, 其总体分布均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。根据吸烟状况分层分析发现, 吸烟组中GCA患者组与对照组A/A、A/G、G/G基因型频率分别是27.1%、44.1%、28.8%和17.8%、60.5%、21.7%, 两组相比具有显著性差异(c2=9.01, P =0.01), GCA患者组A/G基因型频率明显低于对照组, 与A/A基因型比较, A/G基因型可能减少吸烟个体GCA的发病风险(OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.28~0.83)。认为MMP-13基因A-77G SNP可能与河北省磁、涉县人群的食管癌、贲门癌发病风险无关; 但A/G基因型对吸烟人群的GCA发病可能具有防护作用。     

A dimeric RNA quadruplex architecture comprised of two G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexads,G:G:G:G tetrads and UUUU loops

Using CD and NMR, we determined the structure of an RNA oligomer, r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) (R14), comprising two GGAGG segments joined by a UUUU segment. A modified quadruplex structure was observed for r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) in solution even in the absence of K(+). An unusually stable dimeric RNA quadruplex architecture formed from two strands of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) at low K(+) concentration is reported here. In each strand of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG), two sets of successive turns in the GGAGG segments and turns at both ends of the UUUU loops drive four G-G steps to align in a parallel manner, a core with two stacked G-tetrads being formed. Two adenine bases bind to two edges of one G:G:G:G tetrad through the sheared G:A mismatch augmenting the tetrad into a G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexad. Thus, one molecule of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) folds into a modified quadruplex comprising a G:G:G:G tetrad, a UUUU double-chain reversal loop and a G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexad. Two such molecules further associate by stacking through the dimeric hexad-hexad interface with a rotational symmetry. The ribose rings of most nucleotides take S (close to C2'-endo) puckering, which is unusual for an RNA. K(+) can increase the stability of this quadruplex structure; the number of bound K(+) was estimated from the results of the titration experiment. Besides G:G and G:A mismatches, a network of hydrogen bonds including O4'-NH(2) and C-H..O hydrogen bonds, and the extensive base stacking contribute to the high thermodynamic stability of R14. Our results could provide the stereochemical and thermodynamic basis for elucidating the biological role of the GGAGG-containing RNA segments abundantly existing in various RNAs. Relevance to quadruplex-mediated mRNA-FMRP binding and HIV-1 genome RNA dimerization is discussed.     

Fate of newly synthesized histones in G1 and G0 cells

We have shown that quiescent cells as well as those in the G1 phase of the cell cycle synthesize histones at a reduced but significant rate. Now, we show that the histones synthesized during G0 and G1 are stably incorporated into nuclei soon after synthesis. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei isolated from cells in G0 and G1 revealed that the specific histone variants synthesized in these different physiological states are found associated with DNA as nucleosomes. Nucleosomes were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a reducing buffer so that histone spot morphology, particularly that of the H3s was improved.     

Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts in North Indian Patients: Identification of G1, G3, G5 and G6 Genotypes

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the Echinococcus granulosus, is a major public health problem worldwide, including India. The different genotypes of E. granulosus responsible for human hydatidosis have been reported from endemic areas throughout the world. However, the genetic characterization of E. granulosus infecting the human population in India is lacking. The aim of study was to ascertain the genotype(s) of the parasite responsible for human hydatidosis in North India.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To study the transmission patterns of E. granulosus, genotypic analysis was performed on hydatid cysts obtained from 32 cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients residing in 7 different states of North India. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit1 (cox1) sequencing was done for molecular identification of the isolates. Most of the CE patients (30/32) were found to be infected with hydatid cyst of either G3 (53.1%) or G1 (40.62%) genotype and one each of G5 (cattle strain) and G6 (camel strain) genotype.

Conclusions/Significance

These findings demonstrate the zoonotic potential of G1 (sheep strain) and G3 (buffalo strain) genotypes of E. granulosus as these emerged as predominant genotypes infecting the humans in India. In addition to this, the present study reports the first human CE case infected with G5 genotype (cattle strain) in an Asian country and presence of G6 genotype (camel strain) in India. The results may have important implications in the planning of control strategies for human hydatidosis.     

玉米粉在赤芝液体培养中的应用研究

以菌丝含量为主要指标,研究了6种营养物质对赤芝深层培养的影响,试验结果表明,赤芝500ml小规模发酵最适培养基配方为:玉米粉4.0%,糖蜜1.5%,黄豆粉2.0%,酵母膏0.2%,KH2PO40.2%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.15%,pH 6.0。接种量为10%时在150r/min摇床上26℃振荡培养5d,菌丝含量最高,为25.1g/L;玉米粉是赤芝生长的主要因素,糖蜜是次要因素,玉米粉可以作为赤芝发酵培养基的主要原料。     

G proteins in development

The focus of developmental biologists has expanded from the analysis of gene expression to include the analysis of cell signalling. Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) mediate signalling from a superfamily of heptahelical receptors (G-protein-coupled receptors) to a smaller number of effector units that include adenylyl cyclases, phospholipase C and various ion channels. The convergence of developmental biology with cell signalling has now revealed overlaps in which G proteins mediate complex pathways in embryonic development.     

Changes in membrane transport function in G0 and G1 cells

Confluent quiescent monolayers of aneuploid and euploid cells in culture can be stimulated to proliferate by appropriate nutritional changes. In confluent monolayers of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts the uptake of cycloleucine is increased three hours after these cells are stimulated to proliferate by a change of medium plus 10% serum. No changes in the uptake of cycloleucine are observed in logarithmically-growing WI-38 cells exposed to fresh medium plus 10% serum, or in WI-38 confluent monolayers in which the conditioned medium has been replaced by fresh medium with 0.3% serum (a change that does not cause stimulation of cellular proliferation in WI-38 cells). In 3T6 cells in the stationary phase stimulated to proliferate by nutritional changes, there is a prompt increase in the uptake of cycloleucine, within one hour after stimulation of cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained with stationary 2RA cells which are SV-40 transformed WI-38 fibroblasts. In addition, chromatin template activity which is known to increase in the early stages after stimulation of confluent WI-38 cells, was unchanged in confluent 3T6 or 2RA cells stimulated to proliferate. These results show that at least two of the very early biochemical events occurring in response to stimulation of cell proliferation are different in WI-38 diploid cells and in aneuploid 2RA or 3T6 cells. It is proposed that WI-38 cells in the stationary phase are arrested in the G₀ phase of the cell cycle, while 2RA and 3T6 cells are arrested in the G₁ phase.     

Sizes of G1 and G2 populations in starved Tetrahymena

Feulgen cytophotometry and autoradiography were used to study DNA content and DNA synthesis in starved and starved-refed Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C. It was found that (1) the cell population shows a limited increase in cell number during starvation and this increase is restricted to the first 7 h of starvation; (2) at the end of starvation, there is a portion of the cell population whose DNA content is similar to that for standard G2 cells; (3) a significant portion of the dividing cells at the first division following refeeding in the presence of [³H]TdR are unlabeled; (4) these unlabeled cells are among the first to divide and, upon division, generally enter into a cell cycle either lacking a G1 phase or with a shortened G1 phase.