非索非那定治疗变应性鼻炎的随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的：评价非索非那定治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效及其安全性。方法：计算机检索SCI,Pubmed,Elsevier,Cochrane图书馆,知网,万方数据库,维普数据库中关于非索非那定治疗变应性鼻炎的随机对照试验,同时追索纳入文献的参考文献。检索年限均从建库检索到2013年12月。由两名评价员独立筛查文献,对纳入的文献进行质量评价并提取文献,对符合质量标准的随机对照试验（RCT）进行Meta分析,比较非索非那定组和安慰剂组鼻部症状评分、血清中白三烯浓度、生活质量评价、症状改善率和安全性评估。统计学分析采用RevMan5．2软件。结果：共纳入9个RCT。患者口服非索非那定片30mg／d,120mg／d,180mg／d后可有效改善变应性鼻炎患者的症状,可降低患者鼻部症状评分、血清中白三烯浓度;有效提高生活质量,降低患者总的生活质量评分（P均〈0．05）。非索非那定不良反应的发生率与安慰剂组相似,不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：患者口服非索非那定片30mg／d,120mg／d,180mg／d后可以有效缓解患者的症状,改善患者的生活质量,且不良反应发生率与对照组相近。基于非索非那定较好的有效性和安全性,故可以广泛应用于临床,更加有效的缓解变应性鼻炎患者的症状。     

顺尔宁对变应性鼻炎患者血清肺表面活性蛋白A、D动态水平影响及近 期疗效观察

目的:探讨顺尔宁对变应性鼻炎患者体内肺表面活性蛋白A、D水平的影响及近期疗效观察。方法:纳入的变应性鼻炎患者分成单纯变应性鼻炎患者组不伴哮喘组106例,变应性鼻炎伴哮喘患者组75例,健康成人组20例作为实验对照组。连续应用顺尔宁8周后,统计患者鼻部总体症状评分,以及血清SP-A、SP-D水平的动态变化情况。结果:单纯变应性鼻炎组、变应性鼻炎伴哮喘组患者治疗4周后、8周后与治疗前比较,鼻部总体症状评分均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗4周后,单纯变应性鼻炎组、变应性鼻炎伴哮喘组患者血清SP-A、D水平较治疗前,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗8周后,单纯变应性鼻炎组、变应性鼻炎伴哮喘组患者血清SP-A、D水平较治疗前明显下降(均P0.05)。结论:顺尔宁可影响变应性鼻炎患者体内SP-A、SP-D水平,改善鼻部不适的症状。     

穴位敷贴治疗变应性鼻炎疗效的Meta分析

目的:对比分析穴位敷贴与传统药物在变应性鼻炎治疗中的临床效果及实验室指标改善情况,系统评价穴位敷贴治疗变应性鼻炎的临床可行性,为临床实践与更深入的研究提供循证依据。方法:全面检索检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方数据库,同时手工检索纳入文献的参考文献,由两名独立的评价员对符合纳入标准的研究进行资料提取,并采用偏倚风险表进行质量评价,对符合质量标准的RCTs应用Reman 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:12个RCTs共1736名患者纳入研究,其中治疗组(穴位敷贴治疗)970例,对照组(常规药物治疗)766例。Meta分析结果表明穴位敷贴治疗对比常规药物治疗变应性鼻炎治疗总有效率优势显著,差异具有统计学意义[OR=3.13,95%CI(2.40,4.07)];对文献的定性研究表明穴位敷贴治疗变应性鼻炎后鼻分泌物嗜酸性粒细胞、血清特异性IgE对比药物组有改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位敷贴治疗变应性鼻炎患者总有效率高于传统药物治疗,但对于疾病的实验室指标的改善还需进一步验证。穴位敷贴可能是治疗变应性鼻炎的一种安全有效的方法,但受纳入研究的质量和数量限制,本研究结论尚需更多大样本、高质量的相关随机对照试验进行证实。今后还需进一步规范临床实施标准,深入机制研究,以期为敷贴治疗过敏性鼻炎提供科学理论依据,从而在世界范围内推广应用。     

舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效

目的探讨舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎的临床效果。方法随机抽样法选取2015年2月~2017年1月我院收治的粉尘螨变应性鼻炎患者65例,给予舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗,治疗时间均为两年,并采取治疗前、后对照法进行评价治疗效果。结果治疗后,患者的症状及体征评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),治疗有效率为82.74%;而且治疗后患者的生活质量评分明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后的不良反应发生率为7.69%。结论舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效明显,安全性高,能有效缓解临床症状及体征,提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并抑郁的系统评价

目的:评价普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并抑郁的疗效和安全性。方法:通过电子检索和手工检索,运用Cochrance协作网系统评价的方法对纳入所有应用普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并抑郁的随机对照试验(RCT)进行系统评价。结果:共检出5个RCT,其中3个(454例)符合纳入标准,三项研究随访时间为3-57个月。Meta分析结果显示:1)抑郁改善情况:3项研究随访结束后,应用量表进行评分,普拉克索治疗组抑郁症状改善率明显对照组,两组差异有统计学意义[RR=0.63,95%CI(0.48,0.83),P<0.001];2)UPDRS评分变化:2项研究在治疗末应用UPDRS进行评分,UPDRSⅢ和Ⅱ相对于基线评分,普拉克索组均较对照组明显下降,两组之间差别有统计学意义;3)不良反应:与普拉克索组相比,对照组中因药物不良反应而终止试验研究的病例增多,两组相比有统计学差异[RR=0.48,95%CI(0.34,0.69),p<0.0001]。结论:现有的临床研究证据表明,与对照组相比,普拉克索能够改善帕金森病伴发抑郁病人的抑郁症状,并减轻帕金森病的运动症状,提高病人日常生活活动能力,且安全性较高。但因研究样本局限性,尚需进行大样本长期...     

特异性免疫不同方式给药治疗变应性鼻炎的临床效果观察

目的:研究特异性免疫不同方式给药治疗变应性鼻炎的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2013年4月-2015年4月我院收治的80例变应性鼻炎患者为研究对象,按照给药方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予变应原疫苗皮下免疫治疗,观察组给予变应原滴剂舌下免疫治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果、症状积分、体征积分、RQLQ评分的改善情况与不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗1年后症状积分、体征积分、RQLQ评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.01),两组患者均无严重不良反应发生,对照组患者局部不良反应的发生率明显高于观察组(P0.01)。结论:采用皮下免疫法对变应性鼻炎的治疗效果明显优于舌下免疫治疗,可有效控制患者症状和体征,且安全性更高。     

阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的Meta分析

目的系统评价阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed及Cochrane等数据库(检索时间为各数据库创建时间至2018年1月),纳入关于阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的临床随机对照试验(RCT),采用RevMan 5.3软件对相关研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入32篇RCT,包括3 635例患者,结果显示:阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的痊愈率优于单纯抗菌药物[P0.001,OR=2.15,95%CI(1.81,2.54)],总有效率高[P0.001,OR=3.26,95%CI (2.5,4.26)],复发率低[P0.001,OR=0.19,95%CI (0.15,0.25)],不良反应发生率低,Begg′s检验表明纳入的RCT研究无发表偏倚(P=0.1020.05)。结论基于现有临床证据,阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC疗效优于单纯抗菌药物,可有效改善临床症状,减少疾病发作次数,安全性高,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广使用。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊/散治疗儿童功能性便秘临床疗效的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊/散治疗儿童功能性便秘的临床疗效。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science数据库,检索时限均从建库至2015年12月,收集国内外应用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊/散治疗儿童功能性便秘的所有随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)和前瞻性非随机对照试验(non-randomized controlled trial,non-RCT),纳入文献时间从2005年1月至2013年12月。按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,进一步提取纳入研究的资料并评价其方法学质量后,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果检索文献无RCT研究,纳入9个前瞻性non-RCT研究,合计673例患者,其中治疗组(对照组常规治疗+双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊/散)345例,对照组328例。Meta分析结果显示:治疗组的治疗有效率优于对照组[OR=4.81,95%CI=(2.32,9.97),P0.0001];治疗组儿童功能性便秘复发率低于对照组[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.05,0.68),P=0.01]。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊/散与常规治疗药物联用可以提高儿童功能性便秘的总体疗效,同时可以有效降低儿童功能性便秘的复发率。     

变应性鼻炎舌下特异性免疫治疗前后主客观指标、生活质量改变及疗效影响因素分析

目的:分析舌下特异性免疫治疗变应性鼻炎(AR)临床疗效及其影响因素。方法:以我院2012年1月~2014年1月诊治的100例变应性鼻炎患者为研究对象,均接受舌下特异性免疫治疗,以治疗2年为研究终点,比较治疗前、治疗2年后症状及体征评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分及生活质量变化,评价治疗2年疗效及不良反应,同时对可能影响舌下特异性免疫治疗2年疗效的相关因素行多元线性回归分析。结果:治疗2年总有效率高达72.00%;与治疗前比较,治疗2年后症状及体征积分、VAS评分、鼻结膜炎生存质量调查问卷(RQLQ)中文版各项评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示舌下特异性免疫治疗AR 2年疗效的影响因素为病程、治疗前VAS评分及患者用药依从性。结论:舌下特异性免疫治疗AR疗效明确,不良反应少,能有效缓解患者症状及体征,改善其生活质量。同时其疗效与AR患者病程长、治疗前VAS评分高、用药依从性差有关。     

酪酸梭菌辅助根除幽门螺杆菌感染的Meta分析

目的系统评价酪酸梭菌辅助根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、CENTRAL(2016年7期)、CBM、CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库,同时追溯纳入文献和相关综述的参考文献,收集关于酪酸梭菌辅助根除H.pylori感染的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间均从建库至2016年7月30日。由两名评价员根据纳入排除标准筛选文献、提取资料、评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采取RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入13个RCT,共1 372例患者(其中试验组742例,对照组630例)。Meta分析结果显示:与标准根除方案相比,酪酸梭菌辅助治疗组有利于提高H.pylori的根除率(RR=1.26,95%CI:1.18~1.34,P0.00001),并且降低总不良反应(RR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.52,P0.00001)、腹泻(RR=0.31,95%CI:0.16~0.58,P=0.0003)、味觉紊乱的发生率(RR=0.35,95%CI:0.17~0.73,P=0.005);然而,在腹胀、恶心的发生率上,酪酸梭菌辅助治疗组虽低于标准方案组,但差异无统计学意义。结论当前证据显示酪酸梭菌联合标准方案不仅可提高H.pylori的根除率,还能降低总不良反应、腹泻及味觉紊乱的发生。受纳入研究的质量和数量的限制,上述结论有待更多高质量的研究予以验证。     

Cluster Subcutaneous Allergen Specific Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Although allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) represents the only immune- modifying and curative option available for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), the optimal schedule for specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is still unknown. The objective of this study is to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of cluster SCIT for patients with AR.

Methods

By searching PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane clinical trials database from 1980 through May 10th, 2013, we collected and analyzed the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cluster SCIT to assess its efficacy and safety.

Results

Eight trials involving 567 participants were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analysis showed that cluster SCIT have similar effect in reduction of both rhinitis symptoms and the requirement for anti-allergic medication compared with conventional SCIT, but when comparing cluster SCIT with placebo, no statistic significance were found in reduction of symptom scores or medication scores. Some caution is required in this interpretation as there was significant heterogeneity between studies. Data relating to Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) in 3 included studies were analyzed, which consistently point to the efficacy of cluster SCIT in improving quality of life compared to placebo. To assess the safety of cluster SCIT, meta-analysis showed that no differences existed in the incidence of either local adverse reaction or systemic adverse reaction between the cluster group and control group.

Conclusion

Based on the current limited evidence, we still could not conclude affirmatively that cluster SCIT was a safe and efficacious option for the treatment of AR patients. Further large-scale, well-designed RCTs on this topic are still needed.     

Characteristics, clinical effect profile and tolerability of a nasal spray preparation of Artemisia abrotanum L. for allergic rhinitis.

A nasal spray formulation containing an extract of Artemisia abrotanum L. was developed for therapeutic use in patients with allergic rhinitis and other upper airway disorders. The nasal spray preparation used contains a mixture of essential oils (4 mg/ml) and flavonols (2.5 microg/ml), of which some components have been shown to possess antiinflammatory, expectorant, spasmolytic as well as antiseptic and antimicrobial activities. The most important constituents in the essential oil fraction of the preparation are 1,8-cineole, linalool and davanone, while the flavonol fraction contains centauredin, casticin and quercetin dimethyl-ethers. No trace of thujon was observed in the essential oil of the Artemisia abrotanum L. genotype "Tycho" used for the manufacture of the nasal spray preparation. In 12 patients with diagnoses of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and/or bronchial obstructive disease, the nasal spray was given immediately after the appearance of characteristic allergic nasal symptoms. In 10 of the 12 patients, allergic rhinitis with nasal congestion, sneezing and rhinorrhea was dominant. After administration of the nasal spray, all patients experienced a rapid and significant symptom relief of nasal symptoms, comparable to the effect of antihistamine and chromoglicate preparations which several of the patients had used previously. The effect was present within 5 minutes after the administration and lasted for several hours. In 7 of the 10 rhinitis patients with concomitant symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, a significant subjective relief of eye symptoms was also experienced. In 3 of the 6 patients who had a history of characteristic symptoms of endogenous, exogenous or exercise induced bronchial obstructive disease, there was a bronchial symptom relief by the nasal spray preparation which was experienced as rapid and clinically significant. It is concluded from the present proof of concept study, that a nasal spray formulation containing an extract characterised by a mixture of essential oils and flavonols from the Artemisia abrotanum L. genotype "Tycho", appears to be clinically useful and suitable for the prophylactic and therapeutic management of patients with allergic rhinitis and adjuvant symptoms.     

Bilastine: new insight into antihistamine treatment

Bilastine is a new second generation H1-antihistamine recently approved for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic urticaria (CU). Bilastine epitomizes the evolution of research on antihistamines concerning both efficacy and safety. In AR treatment, a number of large controlled clinical trials documented its efficacy, as assessed by improvement of all nasal and ocular symptoms and quality of life. These outcomes show that bilastine meets current EAACI/ARIA criteria for medications used in the treatment of AR. Also in CU, the review of the literature indicates that once-daily treatment with bilastine 20 mg was effective in managing symptoms and improving patient’s quality of life. Concerning safety and tolerability, the profile of bilastine is very similar to placebo and in particular the adverse effects on central nervous system are insignificant. The balance of efficacy and safety of bilastine is particularly helpful when dosages higher than standard are needed to control the symptoms, as frequently occurs in patients with urticaria, in whom antihistamines doses up to four times the standard dose may be administered.     

鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术对中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效及安全性分析

摘要 目的：探讨鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术对中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效及安全性。方法：选择2019年3月到2021年3月来我院诊治的变应性鼻炎患者90例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组中48例,观察组42例,对照组给予鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术治疗,观察组给予鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术治疗。对比两组患者术前、术后3个月及术后1年的喷嚏、鼻塞、鼻痒、流涕临床症状评分、临床疗效、生活质量评分、血清血管活性肠肽5水平,对比两组并发症发生率。结果：术后3个月及术后1年,两组临床症状评分降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的临床症状评分低于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,观察组的治疗有效率均较高（P<0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,两组生活质量评分降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的生活质量评分高于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,两组血清血管活性肠肽5水平降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的血清血管活性肠肽5水平低于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组的并发症发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术相比,鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术可提高中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效,且安全性较好。     

Escaping the trap of allergic rhinitis

Rhinitis is often the first symptom of allergy but is frequently ignored and classified as a nuisance condition. Ironically it has the greatest socioeconomic burden worldwide caused by its impact on work and on daily life.However, patients appear reticent to seek professional advice, visiting their doctor only when symptoms become ‘intolerable’ and often when their usual therapy proves ineffective.Clearly, it’s time for new and more effective allergic rhinitis treatments.MP29-02 (Dymista®; Meda, Solna, Sweden) is a new class of medication for moderate to severe seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis if monotherapy with either intranasal antihistamine or intranasal corticosteroids is not considered sufficient.MP29-02 is a novel formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate (FP). It benefits not only from the incorporation of two active agents, but also from a novel formulation; its lower viscosity, smaller droplet size, larger volume (137 μl) and wider spray angle ensure optimal coverage of, and retention on the nasal mucosa and contribute to its clinical efficacy.In clinical trials, patients treated with MP29-02 experienced twice the symptom relief as those treated with FP and AZE, who in turn exhibited significantly greater symptom relief than placebo-patients. Indeed, the advantage of MP29-02 over FP was approximately the same as that shown for FP over placebo. The advantage of MP29-02 was particularly evident in those patients for whom nasal congestion is predominant, with MP29-02 providing three times the nasal congestion relief of FP (p = 0.0018) and five times the relief of AZE (p = 0.0001). Moreover, patients treated with MP29-02 achieved each and every response up to a week faster than those treated with FP or AZE alone and in real life 1 in 2 patients reported the perception of well-controlled disease after only 3 days. MP29-02’s superiority over FP was also apparent long-term in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis or non-allergic rhinitis, with statistical significance noted from the first day of treatment, with treatment difference maintained for a full year.Taken together, these data suggest that MP29-02 may improve the lives of many of our patients, enabling them to finally escape the allergic rhinitis trap.     

鼻用皮质类固醇对儿童变应性鼻炎患者鼻腔粘液菌群 影响的研究

目的:探讨皮质类固醇激素糠酸莫米松对儿童变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者鼻腔粘液菌群(包括需氧菌和真菌)的影响,同时观察其临床疗效。方法:选择30例儿童AR患者作为观察组,给予糠酸莫米松进行治疗,检测其治疗前后鼻腔粘液的菌群分布情况,同时与对照组的正常儿童进行比较。结果:经糠酸莫米松治疗后,患者的症状和体征显著减轻。细菌检出率和真菌检出率方面,对照组为90.0%和3.3%,观察组治疗前为86.7%和16.7%,治疗后为93.3%和20.0%,对照组与观察组治疗前及观察组治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:糠酸莫米松治疗儿童变应性鼻炎,可以改善患者的临床症状,对于鼻腔粘液菌群没有显著影响。     

儿童过敏性结膜炎与变应性鼻炎的相关性及鼻眼联合防治效果分析

目的：探讨儿童过敏性结膜炎与变应性鼻炎的相关性研究及鼻眼联合防治的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析300 例儿童过敏性 结膜炎与310 例儿童变应性鼻炎患者的临床资料,对儿童过敏性结膜炎与变应性鼻炎的相关性进行分析后将所有患儿随机均分 为对照组与观察组,对照组采用常规点眼的方法进行治疗,观察组则采用鼻朗喷鼻联合人工泪液点眼进行治疗。比较两组临床疗 效及不良反应情况。结果：（1）300 例过敏性结膜炎患儿中,50 例（16.67%）并发变应性鼻炎;310 例变应性鼻炎患儿中,59 例 （19.03%）并发过敏性结膜炎（P＞0.05）;（2）109 例同时并发两种疾病患儿中,均进行眼结膜与鼻粘膜的刮片检查嗜酸性粒细胞, 其中60 例（55.05%）结膜刮片与67 例（61.47%）鼻粘膜刮片检测到嗜酸性粒细胞（P＞0.05）;（3）两组治疗前后BUT 及角膜荧光素 染色评分、症状评分、临床总有效率比较差异明显（P＜0.05）。结论：儿童过敏性结膜炎与变应性鼻炎具有一定的相关性;鼻朗喷鼻 联合人工泪液点眼治疗儿童合并变应性鼻炎的临床疗效显著。     

Google Trends reflect allergic rhinitis symptoms related to birch and grass pollen seasons

Google Trends (GT) describes the variation of the relevant interest of internet searches toward medical conditions and related symptoms. Allergic rhinitis symptom levels result from the intensity of exposure to aeroallergens in combination with relevant medication use. We analyze data from Germany to examine the relationship between hay fever-related Google search terms, symptom levels, medication use, and pollen count levels. For doing so, we also employ the new definitions on pollen season and peak pollen period start and end as proposed by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in a recently published position paper. We extract GT data for a number of search terms related to allergic rhinitis for Germany. We use total nasal symptom and mediation scores as reported by patients via a patient hay fever diary in the Berlin and Brandenburg areas in Germany for 3 years (2014–2016), accompanied by pollen data. Then a Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis is performed between symptom data and GT data. A graphical analysis is conducted, and the identification of pollen season and peak pollen periods is done based on the EAACI criteria. The analysis reveals that GT data are highly correlated with symptom levels and follow peak pollen period start–end, concerning grass and birch pollen-induced allergic rhinitis symptoms. GT data can be used as a proxy for the identification of the onset and variation of nasal symptom and medication score for allergic rhinitis sufferers.