西藏北部安多地区中侏罗统(巴通阶-卡洛夫阶)菊石

最近从藏北安多地区中侏罗统发现较丰富的菊石类化石,巴通期的菊石有OxyceritesoppeliElmi,Ho moeoplanulitescf. homoeomorphus(Buckman),H. cf. acuticosta(Roemer), Choffatiacf. vicentiMangold, Siemiradzkiacf. matisconensis(Lissajous), Proceritessp., Neuquenicerascf. yokoyamaiKobayashiandFukada和Indosphinctessp.。卡洛夫期的菊石有Oxyceritescf. subcotarius(Oppel), Macrocephalites? sp., Homoeoplanulitescf. furculus(Neumayr),Indospinctes(Elatmites) cf. reveliMangold和Reineckeitessp.。其中Indosphinctes,Indospinctes(Elatmites),Neu queniceras,Siemiradzkia和Procerites等属(或亚属)在西藏北部地区为首次报道。安多地区中—晚巴通期和早卡洛夫期菊石动物群凸现较强的地方性色彩; 晚巴通期ORBIS菊石带和早卡洛夫期KOENIGI菊石带是藏北地区菊石动物群扩散的重要时期。     

黑龙江绥滨地区晚侏罗世Buchia带

绥滨地区晚侏罗世东荣组的双壳类Buchia,划分为4个带:(1)晚牛津至早启莫利期的B.concentrica带;(2)晚启莫利期的B.tenuistriata带;(3)早-中伏尔加期的B.mosquensis-B.rugosa带;及(4)晚伏尔加期的B.fischeriana带。文内共描述3属9种。     

中国西藏发现类三角蚌类祖先闯入非海相领域的证据（英文）北大核心CSCD

新发现的双壳类化石命名为Baxoitrigonia baxoiensis gen. et sp. nov.,产地为藏东八宿林卡家东,化石产于景星动物群之下的拉贡塘组下段,同层位有菊石和其他海相双壳类,时代为晚侏罗世Tithonian期;化石的外部特征很接近于三角蛤类Iotrigonia属,但前闭肌痕特征又相似于类三角蚌类,被认为是三角蛤类闯入非海相领域后演变成类三角蚌类的产物。此发现提供了生物和地层两方面的直接证据,证明非海相类三角蚌类(Trigonioidoidea超科)起源于海相三角蛤类(Trigoniida目),而不是起源于珠蚌类(Unionida目)。海相三角蛤类闯入边缘隔绝的洛隆-八宿地区并演变为非海相类三角蚌类,是一次典型的边域成种事件。     

中国西藏发现类三角蚌类祖先闯入非海相领域的证据（英文）

新发现的双壳类化石命名为Baxoitrigonia baxoiensis gen. et sp. nov.,产地为藏东八宿林卡家东,化石产于景星动物群之下的拉贡塘组下段,同层位有菊石和其他海相双壳类,时代为晚侏罗世Tithonian期;化石的外部特征很接近于三角蛤类Iotrigonia属,但前闭肌痕特征又相似于类三角蚌类,被认为是三角蛤类闯入非海相领域后演变成类三角蚌类的产物。此发现提供了生物和地层两方面的直接证据,证明非海相类三角蚌类(Trigonioidoidea超科)起源于海相三角蛤类(Trigoniida目),而不是起源于珠蚌类(Unionida目)。海相三角蛤类闯入边缘隔绝的洛隆-八宿地区并演变为非海相类三角蚌类,是一次典型的边域成种事件。     

西藏拉萨地块申扎地区晚二叠世有孔虫动物群及其古生物地理意义

西藏申扎木纠错地区的上二叠统碳酸盐岩地层是近年来新发现的重要地层,但其中的有孔虫动物缺乏系统研究。本文研究了申扎木纠错剖面下拉组上部灰岩中有孔虫动物群的组成及古生物地理意义。共鉴定出有孔虫类26属52种,其中■类4属7种;有孔虫动物群主要由Reichelina,Codonofusiella,Dunbarula,Colaniella,Pachyphloia,Globivalvulina,Agathammina,Hemigordius,Midiella,Multidiscus等组成,结合同层位中产出的牙形类化石,其时代被限定在晚二叠世吴家坪期。鉴于木纠错组整合于下拉组之上,限定了木纠错组底界的时代至少从吴家坪期最晚期开始。该剖面中发现了结构构造相对简单的Colaniella属原始类型,对研究Colaniellidae的起源演化提供了化石材料。木纠错地区吴家坪期有孔虫动物群呈现的古生物地理面貌和喜马拉雅地区截然不同,说明当时新特提斯洋已有一定的宽度。     

柴达木盆地西部红柳泉地区晚侏罗世介形类动物群及其古环境意义

在柴达木盆地红柳泉地区红探2井红水沟组中识别出介形类化石3属9种(含2个未定种):Cetacella qaidamensis Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica tracta Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica sp.、Alicenula incurva (Bate, 1967)、?A.longicylindrica (Qi, 1985)、A. paramagna (Li et Yang, 1983)、A. maanshanensis (Hou et al., 2002)、A. jinhuaensis (Li,1984)、Alicenula sp.。通过介形类化石生物地层对比,明确红水沟组的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。红水沟组介形类动物群指示晚侏罗世柴达木地区发育淡水湖泊、河流以及季节性的小水塘。     

滇东南泸西县上三叠统卡尼阶小凹组菊石*

本文对云南省东南部的泸西县白水镇小兴安村上三叠统卡尼阶小凹组菊石类进行了详细研究,共发现菊石9属13种,其中Anasirenites属为华南首次发现。依据各物种组合特征及其地层分布情况,自下而上识别出菊石Trachyceras multituberculatum带和Austrotrachyceras triadicum带,时代对应于晚三叠世早卡尼期的Julian 1和Julian 2。该菊石组合不仅记录了卡尼期Julian期Trachyceratidae的辐射事件,同时该菊石组合与卡尼期特提斯域和泛大洋域的菊石组合均有良好的对比性,并且为华南古地理研究提供了新的补充材料。另外,通过对剖面的岩性特征与菊石生物地层特征分析,认为在滇东南地区由于卡尼期湿润幕事件(CPE)所导致的碳酸盐岩台地消亡起始时间应为Julian 1末期略早于陆源碎屑输入的Julian 2亚期。     

西藏北部色哇-安多地区侏罗纪菊石类与缺氧黑色页岩相

西藏北部色哇和安多地区32°-33°N,88°-91°E范围内的菊石化石证明了东特提斯北缘侏罗纪土阿辛期(Toarcian)和阿林期(Aalenian)地层的存在。文内描述11种,大多数属种都在国内首次报道,包括相当于土阿辛期末期的aalensis菊石带和阿林期中期的murchisonae菊石带的种,它们分别隶属于2亚目、3超科、5科、9属,其中以Hildocerataceae超科的类型占主体。藏北菊石动物群和西特提斯地中海区同期菊石动物群具有更加密切的亲缘关系。土阿辛阶的种有Dumortieriasp.,Dactyliocerascf.directum(Buckman),Hildocerassp.,Clevicerascf.elegans(Sowerby),Clevicerassp.,PolyplectusdiscoidesZieten,Phymatocerascf.binodata(Buckman),Pleydelliacf.aalensis(Zieten)。阿林阶的种有Phyllocerassp.,Planammatocerascf.lepsiusi(Gemmellaro),Erycitessp.。菊石和沉积岩资料表明,在早土阿辛末期和晚土阿辛末期至早阿林期是藏北地区缺氧黑色页岩沉积时期;菊石动物群的扩散和黑色页岩相的发生是全球高海平面的地区性响应。     

侏罗纪菊石形态──特提斯喜马拉雅海的深度标志

侏罗纪菊石类化石的形态特征是其生存环境水深的良好标志,而通过对菊石壳体结构（体管和隔壁沟）强度的裂限水深（ｉｍｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｄｅｐｔｈｌｉｍｉｔ）计算可获得半定量的水深数据。对西藏南部的聂拉木－古错地区的中保罗世阿连期至晚侏罗世提唐期沉积环境的分析,共识别出１３个自水下２０ｍ到水下５５０ｍ的陆棚至陆坡的不同水深环境。中侏罗世阿连－早巴柔期时,该区内的海水深度表明基本限于浅水碎屑－碳酸岩台地型的内陆棚环境,从晚巴柔至早提唐期间,沉积环境颇不稳定,互相转换于外陆棚和陆坡之间,尤以位于陆棚和陆坡转折端、水深１５０—３００ｍ的中等水深环境延续较长时间。相对下降较快的地块出现浊积底栖相沉积。而在晚提唐期则表现为相对稳定的外陆坡沉积环境。整个侏罗纪期间的特提斯喜马拉雅海最大水深大概不会超过５５０ｍ。菊石类所提供的年代格架及古生态研究所得到的水深数据,可以比较合理地解释本区中、上侏罗统所以有巨大的沉积厚度和复杂的沉积相组合,在很大程度上是源于特提斯被动大陆边缘发育的同沉积断裂为特征的张性犁式断层系和地垒－地堑地质构造的叠加作用。     

侏罗纪菊石形态──特提斯喜马拉雅海的深度标志

侏罗纪菊石类化石的形态特征是其生存环境水深的良好标志，而通过对菊石壳体结构（体管和隔壁沟）强度的裂限水深（ｉｍｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｄｅｐｔｈｌｉｍｉｔ）计算可获得半定量的水深数据。对西藏南部的聂拉木－古错地区的中保罗世阿连期至晚侏罗世提唐期沉积环境的分析，共识别出１３个自水下２０ｍ到水下５５０ｍ的陆棚至陆坡的不同水深环境。中侏罗世阿连－早巴柔期时，该区内的海水深度表明基本限于浅水碎屑－碳酸岩台地型的内陆棚环境，从晚巴柔至早提唐期间，沉积环境颇不稳定，互相转换于外陆棚和陆坡之间，尤以位于陆棚和陆坡转折端、水深１５０—３００ｍ的中等水深环境延续较长时间。相对下降较快的地块出现浊积底栖相沉积。而在晚提唐期则表现为相对稳定的外陆坡沉积环境。整个侏罗纪期间的特提斯喜马拉雅海最大水深大概不会超过５５０ｍ。菊石类所提供的年代格架及古生态研究所得到的水深数据，可以比较合理地解释本区中、上侏罗统所以有巨大的沉积厚度和复杂的沉积相组合，在很大程度上是源于特提斯被动大陆边缘发育的同沉积断裂为特征的张性犁式断层系和地垒－地堑地质构造的叠加作用。     

SPECIES DISCRIMINATION AND EVOLUTIONARY MODE OF BUCHIA (BIVALVIA: BUCHIIDAE) FROM UPPER JURASSIC–LOWER CRETACEOUS STRATA OF GRASSY ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

Abstract: Buchiid bivalves are geographically widespread in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata of the Northern Hemisphere. They are often abundant and their short stratigraphic ranges make them ideal biostratigraphic index fossils; these characteristics also render them useful for study of evolutionary patterns. We used multivariate methods to determine if we could discriminate between species of Buchia and examine how morphological characters change through time within the genus. Using ten morphological characters to describe shell shape and size, we tested for taxonomic differences and morphologic change in populations of buchiids collected from a single stratigraphic section on Grassy Island, located along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Morphometric analysis utilized traditional morphological metrics and techniques, including linear and angular measurements as well as Fourier (outline shape) analyses. Phenetic discrimination revealed considerable overlap among the recognized species in the morphospace, as well as a fairly low discriminatory power between species when compared as a group using a step‐wise canonical variate analysis. Step‐wise discriminant analyses between species pairs gave rise to much higher classification rates, suggesting that different characters are important for distinguishing between different species pairs. Our results also indicate that single individuals and small sample sizes of Buchia specimens are insufficient for biostratigraphic discrimination (unless other rarely preserved features such as the hinge and bysuss ear are available) and that a number of previously described species variants may not be taxonomically valid. A biolog using the multivariate axis that best discriminates between species (CV1) and a random walk‐based test using a Hurst estimate analysis indicate a gradualistic evolutionary mode for the Buchia species of Grassy Island. Shell shape and size of buchiids do not appear to be closely tied to lithofacies changes over the c. 10 myr time interval, suggesting that ecophenotypic variation (as it relates to substrate changes) probably had minimal influence on morphology.     

广西崇左木榄山智人洞的鼠科化石

最近在广西崇左木榄山智人洞遗址采集到1件具有现代智人解剖特征初始状态的下颌骨和丰富的哺乳动物化石。啮齿类中的鼠科化石有锡金小鼠(Mus pahari)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)、似德氏狨鼠(Hapalomys cf.H.delacouri)、笔尾树鼠(Chiropodomys gliroides)、社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)、针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)、爱氏巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、印度板齿鼠(Bandicota indica)、褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和黄毛鼠(Rattus losea)共8属11种。这种全部由当地或邻近地区现生种类构成的组合显然比当地早更新世的三合大洞和川黔地区中更新世歌乐山期的鼠类组合进步, 而与广西田东雾云洞的鼠类组合相似, 其动物群的时代为晚更新世早期, 与不平衡铀系法得到的测年结果(距今约11万年)相吻合。智人洞鼠科动物的组合明显具有东洋界热带-亚热带动物群的特点, 其中林灌和草地型所占比例较大表明当时的森林面积可能减少、林灌和草地面积可能增加, 反映出当时的气候相对干旱。     

Seafloor erosion and sea-level change: Early Jurassic Blue Lias Formation of central England

Minor bedforms within the mudstone-dominated Early Jurassic Hettangian Saltford Shale Member (Liasicus up to Angulata Chronozone) of the Blue Lias Formation in central England, indicate weak seafloor erosion in a mid to outer ramp setting. Distal storm flows below maximum storm wave base are proposed as the most likely generative mechanism for silty scour and gutter casts that enclose concentrations of well-preserved schlotheimiid ammonites and arthropod trace fossils. Within the upper part of the Saltford Shale (probably Angulata Chronozone), a discrete layer of reworked and bioencrusted limestone nodules signifies an episode of more persistent seafloor erosion. The immediately overlying strata, transitional to the Hettangian–Sinemurian Rugby Limestone Member, are relatively bioturbated and feature fossils of macrobenthos, as well as shell concentrations resembling relatively proximal storm beds. This suggests that the reworked nodule horizon marks sea-level fall, rather than stratigraphic condensation associated with sediment starvation. The biostratigraphic evidence raises the possibility that this erosional episode correlates with a mid-Angulata Chronozone hiatus documented from the Wessex Basin, southwest England. Equally however, it could be linked to contemporaneous movement on one or more nearby faults, affecting the southern part of the English East Midlands Shelf.     

On some Albian ammonites from northeastern Sinai (Egypt)

The ammonite faunula described here, consisting ofEogaudryceras, Tetragonites, Beudanticeras, andKnemiceras from Albian strata of northern Sinai, contributes to the stratigraphic subdivision of an Early Cretaceous, delta-influenced carbonate ramp. With respect to sequence biostratigraphic interpretations, most ammonites occurrences coincide with the early stages of transgressive systems tracts.     

西藏南部定日、聂拉木地区早-中侏罗世有孔虫

记述早、中侏罗世有孔虫13属17种,标本采自西藏南部定日县的卧龙剖面及聂拉木县中尼公路5264km路标处剖面。早侏罗世普普嘎组以产大有孔虫为特征,在卧龙剖面仅有下侏罗统的中、上部,缺失下部地层;中侏罗世聂聂雄拉组以产小有孔虫为特征,基本没有大有孔虫。     

新疆准噶尔盆地北缘第三纪地层古生物研究新进展

近两年对准噶尔盆地北缘第三纪地层进行了进一步调查和研究,在索索泉组和哈拉玛盖组内发现了新的化石层位。对新发现的哺乳动物的研究表明在勒布勒津地区索索泉组顶部的沉积物时代为中中新世,下部的沉积物时代不晚于晚渐新世,中新世与渐新世地层的界线应在索索泉组内寻找。新发现的动物群分子Cricetodonsp．nov．和Tachyoryctoidessp．nov.指示哈拉玛盖动物群的时代应重新考虑,有可能早于丁家二沟动物群。     

The occurrence and preservation of ammonites in the Blue Lias Formation (lower Jurassic) of Devon and Dorset, England and their palaeoecological, sedimentological and diagenetic significance

More than two thirds of beds in the lowest Jurassic, Blue Lias Formation lack ammonites, which are commonly preserved in irregular or planar-bedded, bioturbated limestones, very rarely in laminated limestones and almost never in laminated black shales. Ammonites are preserved in 3D in nodular and planar-bedded limestones and at any orientation to bedding. Co-occurrence with macrobenthos and absence from beds without benthos suggest that Blue Lias ammonites were nektobenthonic. Scour structures and imbrication of ammonites in the Best Bed imply presence of traction currents. Lack of epifauna on large cephalopod shells (and other fossils) implies rapid deposition in event beds. Blue Lias deposition was episodic, not slow and continuous as the fine grain size implies. Undistorted trace fossils, uncrushed ammonites and stable isotope values all suggest early cementation of limestone beds from pore waters of a similar composition to contemporary Jurassic sea water. A clear diagenetic trend exists, with limestones having least, and laminated black shales most, modified stable isotope values. Contrast between trace fossil fills and host sediment demonstrates that Blue Lias rhythms are primary, but limestone beds have been diagenetically cemented.     

Lower Devonian biostratigraphic correlation in Eastern Australia and Western North America

Savage, N. M.: Lower Devonian biostratigraphic correlation in Eastern Australia and Western North America.
Correlation of Lower Devonian marine strata of Eastern Australia and Western North America can be attempted using several fossil groups. In general the faunas are similar, with many species common to both areas. Graptolites occur infrequently, but are of great value because of their precise zonal significance. Several of these graptolites occur in the classic type sequences of Bohemia but are absent from the Rhineland stages. For this reason, and because of the Bohemian affinities of the shelly faunas, the Bohemian stage names are preferable to the Rhenish names for use in Eastern Australia and Western North America. Cono-donts are less precise index fossils than graptolites, but are considerably more abundant and therefore have greater application. Brachiopods are valuable if viewed as assemblages. In terms of the Rhenish stages, most Eastern Australian and Western North American early Lower Devonian formations appear to have been placed too high. Recent evidence from northern Canada throws new light on the problem of correlating Rhenish and Bohemian classic early Lower Devonian stages.     

Late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy — Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale

Nonmarine biostratigraphic/biochronologic schemes have been created for all or parts of the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic using palynomorphs, megafossil plants, conchostracans, blattoid insects, tetrapod footprints and tetrapod body fossils, and these provide varied temporal resolution. Cross correlation of the nonmarine biochronologies to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale has been achieved in some parts of the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic in locations where nonmarine and marine strata are intercalated, the nonmarine strata produce biochronologically significant fossils and the marine strata yield fusulinids, conodonts and/or ammonoids. Other cross correlations have been aided by magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and a growing database of radioisotopic ages. A synthetic nonmarine biochronology for the late Carboniferous–Middle Triassic based on all available nonmarine index fossils, integrated with the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale, is presented here. The focus is on the nonmarine biostratigraphy/biochronology of blattoid insects, conchostracans, branchiosaurid amphibians, tetrapod footprints and tetrapod body fossils within the biochronological framework of land-vertebrate faunachrons. Correlation to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale presented here is divided into seven time intervals: Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous–Permian boundary, Cisuralian, Guadalupian, Lopingian, Permian–Triassic boundary and Early to Middle Triassic. The insects, conchostracans and branchiosaurs provide robust nonmarine correlations in the Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian, and the footprints and tetrapod body fossils provide robust correlations of varied precision within the entire Pennsylvanian–Middle Triassic. Radioisotopic ages are currently the strongest basis for cross correlation of the nonmarine biostratigraphy/biochronology to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale, particularly for the Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian. Chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy thus far provide only limited links of nomarine and marine chronologies. Improvements in the nonmarine-marine correlations of late Paleozoic–Triassic Pangea require better alpha taxonomy and stratigraphic precision for the nonmarine fossil record integrated with more reliable radioisotopic ages and more extensive chemostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic datasets.     

滇东北昭通箐门的泥盆纪珊瑚（二）——中泥盆世晚期的四射珊瑚

云南省昭通市东北郊箐门出露了一条比较完整的泥盆系浅海相地层剖面,下、中、上三个统均有出露,浅海底栖生物化石丰富,研究基础也相对较好,是研究滇东北地区泥盆纪地层的一条理想剖面。由于地层剖面比较长,沉积厚度比较大,此前我们已经描述了早泥盆世和中泥盆世早期的四射珊瑚,本文继续描述该剖面的中泥盆世晚期的地层及其四射珊瑚,讨论它们的地层划分、珊瑚群对比与古生物地理。至于晚泥盆世的珊瑚,由于篇幅的关系,我们拟另文继续描述。