株罗纪菊石形态——特提斯喜马拉雅海的深度标志

株罗纪菊石类化石的形态特征是其生存环境水深的良好标志,而通过对菊石壳体结构（体管和隔壁沟）强度的裂限水深计算可获得半定量的水深数据。对西藏南部的聂拉木－古错地区的中侏罗世阿连斯至晚侏罗世提唐斯沉积环境的分析,共识别出１３个自水下２０ｍ到水下５５０ｍ的陆棚至陆坡的不同水深环境。中株罗世阿连－早巴柔期时,该区内的海水深度表明基本限于浅水碎屑－碳酸岩台地型的内陆棚环境,从晚巴柔至早提唐期间,沉积环境颇不     

株罗纪菊石形态——特提斯喜马拉雅海的深度标志

侏罗纪菊石类化石的形态特征是其生存环境水深的良好标志,而通过对菊石壳体结构（体管和隔壁沟）强度的裂限水深（ｉｍｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｄｅｐｔｈｌｉｍｉｔ）计算可获得半定量的水深数据。对西藏南部的聂拉木－古错地区的中保罗世阿连期至晚侏罗世提唐期沉积环境的分析,共识别出１３个自水下２０ｍ到水下５５０ｍ的陆棚至陆坡的不同水深环境。中侏罗世阿连－早巴柔期时,该区内的海水深度表明基本限于浅水碎屑－碳酸岩台地型的内陆棚环境,从晚巴柔至早提唐期间,沉积环境颇不稳定,互相转换于外陆棚和陆坡之间,尤以位于陆棚和陆坡转折端、水深１５０—３００ｍ的中等水深环境延续较长时间。相对下降较快的地块出现浊积底栖相沉积。而在晚提唐期则表现为相对稳定的外陆坡沉积环境。整个侏罗纪期间的特提斯喜马拉雅海最大水深大概不会超过５５０ｍ。菊石类所提供的年代格架及古生态研究所得到的水深数据,可以比较合理地解释本区中、上侏罗统所以有巨大的沉积厚度和复杂的沉积相组合,在很大程度上是源于特提斯被动大陆边缘发育的同沉积断裂为特征的张性犁式断层系和地垒－地堑地质构造的叠加作用。     

喜马拉雅灰包菇──相传是“喜马拉雅雪人”的一种食物

喜马拉雅灰包菇ＳｅｃｏｔｉｕｍｈｉｍａｌａｉｃｕｍＺａｎｇｅｔＤｏｉ,由Ｄｒ．ＴｅｉｚｏＯｇａｗａ采于尼泊尔境内的喜马拉雅山带,据当地居民云：该菌为喜马拉雅雪人的一种食物。所谓雪人可能是高山雪线一带的动物。本文对该菌的分类特征和雪人的有关讨论作了介绍。原模式存日本国立科学博物馆。     

中国空谷期—罗德期菊石壳的形态发育史及其在国际对比中的意义北大核心CSCD

基于一些业已报道的中国Kungurian期至Roadian期界线附近的菊石材料(26个属,48个种),对其进行壳的形态空间分析,发现空谷期菊石在形态空间上主要分为三个类型:1)旋环重叠程度D=0—0.1,旋环膨胀速率W=1.5—2.5,代表Saunders等(2004)的A类型;2)D=0—0.1,W=3,代表F类型;3)D=0.05—0.15,W=4—5,与F类型相比较,具有较大膨胀速率。相对应的罗德期菊石主要可以分为两个类型:1)D=0.1—0.25,W=1—2,代表A类型;2)D=0.4—0.6,W=1—2,代表C类型。从壳的形态发育史来看,空谷期到罗德期总体趋势是连续的,并没有受到外界大的干扰,同时也发生了明显的变化(罗德期形态空间明显占据了更广阔的位置,代表了菊石演化的新方向),壳不仅变得更加外卷,壳的膨胀速率也有所减小,比如,空谷期存在的膨胀速率较大的第三种类型在罗德期中并未发现。这一趋势在全球早—中二叠世菊石壳D-W等密度图中同样反映出来,说明尽管空谷期—罗德期这一时间段我国存在较多地方性属种(以其特殊的壳饰与缝合线为特征),在国际对比中难以应用,但是从壳的形态发育特征来说,与其它地区对比具有潜在的意义。     

四川产中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种外部形态及头骨的比较

对四川产中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种(Rhinolophus affinis himalayanus)和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种(R.ferrumequinum nippon)的23项外部形态指标和22项头骨形态指标进行了测量,并进行数理统计分析。结果表明,(1)中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种的23项外部形态测量指标中有2项差异显著(P<0.05),16项差异极显著(P<0.01),其中:中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种(n=14)体长小于59 mm(47.30~58.40),尾长小于26 mm(21.69~25.68),耳长小于22 mm(18.36~21.88),前臂长小于56 mm(50.9~54.20),第Ⅲ掌骨第一指节长小于16 mm(13.2~15.53),第Ⅲ掌骨第二指节小于32 mm(27.38~31.74);而马铁菊头蝠日本亚种(n=6)体长大于62 mm(62.43~66.76),尾长大于30 mm(30.56~36.18),耳长大于24 mm(24.47~27.20),前臂长大于56 mm(58.78~63.46),第Ⅲ掌骨第一指节大于19 mm(19.38~21.39),第Ⅲ掌骨第二指节大于34 mm(34.42~38.11),这些差异可作为区分四川产这两个种的依据。(2)中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种的22项头骨形态测量指标中,除颅高、听泡间距差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他20项指标都存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

藏南喜马拉雅地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世双壳类雏蛤动物群

藏南喜马拉雅地区晚侏罗世地层中雏蛤化石丰富,其它化石仅有少量箭石和菊石,而且属种单一,多为地方种,无法进一步划分和对比,因此,雏蛤属(Buchia)的组合特征具有重要的地质意义。结合菊石Uhligites和Substeuraces,作者在藏南喜马拉雅地区上侏罗统中识别出:1)Buchia concentrica-Buchia spitiensis;2)Buchiamosquensis- Buchia rugosa;3)Buchia blanfordiana- Buchia piochii等3个雏蛤动物组合;在下白垩统中识别出Buchiasubokensis雏蛤动物组合,其中,Buchia mosquensis-Buchia rugosa组合为证明拉弄拉地区存在晚侏罗世晚基末利期至早提塘期地层提供了新的证据,并与斯匹提地区、北美等地区进行了动物群和地层的对比,初步探讨了本区雏蛤动物群在生物地层方面的研究价值。     

An ammonite–fish association from the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) of La Rochelle, western France

A partially disarticulated actinopterygian fish preserved in a large three-dimensional ammonite body chamber is described from the Kimmeridgian of western France. Taphonomic observations on the degree of preservation of the fish and the development of epibiont organisms on the inner wall of the shell indicate a rather long time interval before sediment totally filled the body chamber. The fish, referred to an indeterminate Macrosemiidae, probably used this empty ammonite ( Rasenioides , Aulacostephanidae) shell as a refuge, or possibly for spawning and/or brooding. It can be assumed that ammonite shells may have constituted common shelters for demersal fishes living in an open-marine shelf environment, near to a muddy bottom devoid of rocks.     

Tithonian ammonoid biostratigraphy in eastern Himalayan Tibet

The Tithonian and Lower Berriasian sediments in the eastern Himalayas of Tibet contain an extensive sequence of ammonoid fauna. New collections in situ through the Lanongla, Pure, Gucuo and Jiapeila sections have facilitated a major revision of the ammonoid assemblages. Probably due to depositional facies segregation, the Belemnopsis galoi-bearing beds can be regarded as the oldest Tithonian sediments in which the basal Tithonian ammonoid Kossmatia is not present. The Lower Tithonian includes the Virgatosphinctes-Aulacosphinctoides and Uhligites-Aulacosphinctes assemblages; the Upper Tithonian includes the Haplophylloceras pingue, Blanfordiceras wallichi and Haplophylloceras strigile-Corongoceras-Himalayites assemblages. The Spiticeras assemblage is suggested to be from the Lowermost Berriasian. The new ammonoid assemblages at well-defined levels in Himalayan Tibet provide some crucial links for correlation with other regions of the SW Pacific domain where these ammonoid genera have been widely distributed.     

特提斯喜马拉雅地区早侏罗世双壳类Lithiotis生物岩礁及其扩散

藏南聂拉木地区首次发现的早侏罗世Ｌｉｔｈｉｏｔｉｓ生物岩礁,证明特提啼马拉雅地块于早侏罗世后期已开始向北运移。并且至少在早托尔斯已接近的或达到能够适应Ｌｉｔｈｉｏｔｉｏｓ繁衍的低纬度区域。     

西藏北部安多地区中侏罗统(巴通阶-卡洛夫阶)菊石

最近从藏北安多地区中侏罗统发现较丰富的菊石类化石,巴通期的菊石有OxyceritesoppeliElmi,Ho moeoplanulitescf. homoeomorphus(Buckman),H. cf. acuticosta(Roemer), Choffatiacf. vicentiMangold, Siemiradzkiacf. matisconensis(Lissajous), Proceritessp., Neuquenicerascf. yokoyamaiKobayashiandFukada和Indosphinctessp.。卡洛夫期的菊石有Oxyceritescf. subcotarius(Oppel), Macrocephalites? sp., Homoeoplanulitescf. furculus(Neumayr),Indospinctes(Elatmites) cf. reveliMangold和Reineckeitessp.。其中Indosphinctes,Indospinctes(Elatmites),Neu queniceras,Siemiradzkia和Procerites等属(或亚属)在西藏北部地区为首次报道。安多地区中—晚巴通期和早卡洛夫期菊石动物群凸现较强的地方性色彩; 晚巴通期ORBIS菊石带和早卡洛夫期KOENIGI菊石带是藏北地区菊石动物群扩散的重要时期。     

西藏南部定日、聂拉木地区早-中侏罗世有孔虫

记述早、中侏罗世有孔虫13属17种,标本采自西藏南部定日县的卧龙剖面及聂拉木县中尼公路5264km路标处剖面。早侏罗世普普嘎组以产大有孔虫为特征,在卧龙剖面仅有下侏罗统的中、上部,缺失下部地层;中侏罗世聂聂雄拉组以产小有孔虫为特征,基本没有大有孔虫。     

Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from Tulong, South Tibet

Intensive sampling of the Tulong Formation in South Tibet has facilitated the construction of a highly-resolved middle and late Smithian ammonoid succession. The new biostratigraphical sequence comprises the middle Smithian Brayardites compressus beds, Nammalites pilatoides beds, and the Nyalamites angustecostatus beds followed by the late Smithian Wasatchites distractus beds and Glyptophiceras sinuatum beds. This faunal succession correlates very well with that of other Tethyan sequences such as the Salt Range (Pakistan), Spiti (India), Oman and South China. The Smithian faunal sequence from Tulong contains several taxa with broad geographic distribution (e.g., Owenites, Paranannites spathi, Shigetaceras, Wasatchites), thus enabling correlation with faunal successions from areas outside the Tethys (e.g., USA, British Columbia, Arctic Canada, South Primorye, Siberia). Early Smithian ammonoid faunas are almost absent in Tulong because of a preservation bias (absence of carbonate rocks). Five new ammonoid genera (Brayardites, Nammalites, Nyalamites, Shigetaceras, Tulongites) and six new species (Brayardites crassus, Brayardites compressus, Prionites involutus, ?Subflemingites compressus, Tulongites xiaoqiaoi, Urdyceras tulongensis) are described.     

Effects of scale-dependent factors on herbaceous vegetation patterns in a wetland,northern Japan

Herbaceous vegetation was examined in an Otanoshike wetland in northern Japan to clarify the relationships between vegetation patterns and environmental factors with different scales. Alders (Alnus japonica) have recently invaded and might modify the herbaceous vegetation. In total, 150 50×50cm plots were established on the transitional areas between alder thickets and grassy marshland. Cover was measured for the vascular plant taxa, and canopy area, number of stumps, number of mounds, water depth, elevation difference, litter thickness, soil organic matter, and soil pH were measured in each plot. TWINSPAN cluster analysis classified four vegetation groups: (i), grasslands represented by Phragmites australis, Trientalis europaea, Lythrum salicaria, and Hosta rectifolia; (ii), Calamagrostis langsdorfii, and Polygonum thunbergii grasslands with Spiraea salicifolia; (iii), reed swamp dominated by Phragmites australis, and (iv), marshland dominated by Carex lyngbyei. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that water depth primarily divided vegetation groups 1–2 and 3–4. Alder established in drier sites mostly by re-sprouting, and the canopy affected light and soil conditions on the ground surface. The second axis of canonical correspondence analysis was related to the canopy area and soil pH, and explained the vegetation differentiation between groups 1 and 2, and groups 3 and 4. In conclusion therefore, scale-dependent or hierarchical variables affected the vegetation patterns in different ways, that is, the herbaceous vegetation was first differentiated by water depth that was corresponding to alder establishment on a large scale, and subsequent light and soil conditions were second determinants on a small scale.