自噬对慢性间歇性低氧大鼠颏舌肌损伤的作用及机制

目的:探讨自噬在慢性间歇性低氧状态下大鼠颏舌肌损伤中的作用及其机制。方法:将36只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组,慢性间歇性低氧组(chronic intermittent hypoxia,CIH组),慢性间歇性低氧+氯喹组(CIH+CQ组)。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察颏舌肌组织形态学变化;激光共聚焦显微镜下观察自噬标记物LC3在颏舌肌中的表达;免疫组织化学染色法观察组织中细胞色素c(cytochrome,Cyt c)的表达。结果:激光共聚焦结果显示,对照组颏舌肌中未见明显LC3表达,CIH组中LC3的平均荧光强度较对照组明显增强(P0.05),CIH+CQ组中LC3的平均荧光强度较CIH组显著增加(P0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示:CIH组中Cyt c的阳性表达较对照组增加(P0.05),CIH+CQ组中Cyt c表达与CIH组相比显著增加(P0.05)。结论:慢性间歇性低氧引起颏舌肌线粒体损伤,触发细胞凋亡,同时诱发自噬。抑制自噬加重线粒体损伤,促进细胞凋亡。说明自噬可能通过抑制凋亡而在慢性间歇性低氧状态下的大鼠颏舌肌中起维护肌肉功能的作用。     

不同体位对严重肥胖者血氧饱和度的影响

目的:探讨不同体位对严重肥胖者血氧饱和度的影响。方法:16名平均体重指数(BMI)为40±5肥胖者和16名年龄匹配的正常体重者被纳入研究。分别在不同体外下(坐位、仰卧位、侧卧位)对所有参与者进行动脉血气监测。结果:肥胖者于坐位时动脉Pa O_2为75±4 mm Hg,Pa CO_2为37±3 mm Hg;仰卧位时动脉Pa O_2为62±5 mm Hg,Pa CO_2为47±5 mm Hg;侧卧位时Pa O_2为73±3 mm Hg,Pa CO_2为39±2 mm Hg;而正常体重者无明显变化。结论:严重肥胖者于平卧位时更容易出现低氧及高碳酸血症。     

高血压患者动态血压与左心房增大多因素回归分析

目的:高血压病是心脏科常见疾病,本文观察动态血压(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ABPM)不同夜间血压类型患者左心房大小并分析左心房增大的独立危险因素。方法:收集86例高血压病患者,所有患者行24小时动态血压及超声心动图检查。根据动态血压中夜间血压下降幅度分为杓形高血压组(夜间血压下降率≥10%, 41例)和非杓形高血压组(夜间血压下降率10%,45例)。根据心脏超声左心室长轴切面左心房前后径分两组:左心房增大组(前后径≥3.85 cm,45例),左心房正常组(前后径3.85 cm,41例),采用Logistic多因素回归分析左心房增大的危险因素。结果:(1)非杓形高血压组较杓形高血压组夜间平均收缩压(125.6±15.0 mm Hg VS 107.7±14.9 mm Hg P0.05)及平均舒张压(70.3±9.0 mm Hg VS 60.3±12.2 mm Hg P0.05)明显增高,左心房内径明显增大(4.0±0.48 cm VS 3.74±0.35 cm P=0.005)。(2)左心房内径增大组夜间收缩压下降率(6.4±8.1 mm Hg VS10.3±6.7 mm Hg P=0.01)及舒张压下降率(10.1±9.0 mm Hg VS 14.3±7.9 mm Hg P=0.02)较左心房内径正常组明显降低。(3)Logistic多因素回归分析示左心室质量、总胆固醇是左心房增大的独立危险因素。结论:夜间血压升高更容易导致左心房内径增大。左心室质量增加、胆固醇增高与左心房内径增大有密切关系。     

白藜芦醇甙对糖尿病小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的:探讨白藜芦醇甙对小鼠小鼠心肌损伤的影响及其可能的调控机制。方法:采用腹腔注射链脲霉素的方法建立1型糖尿病小鼠模型模型,随机将雄性C57/BL6J的正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠分为3组(每组18只):对照组、糖尿病组、糖尿病+白藜芦醇甙组。其中糖尿病+白藜芦醇甙组给予白藜芦醇甙7.5 mg/kg/d腹腔注射治疗,对照组和糖尿病组给予同体积盐水腹腔注射。药物治疗12周后,小动物心脏超声检测小鼠的心功能;天狼星红染色观察胶原变化并进一步计算胶原容积分数(collagen volume fraction,CVF);柠檬酸合酶检测试剂盒和ATP生物荧光试剂盒分别检测检测心肌柠檬酸合酶活性和ATP含量;Western blot检测Sirt3和p-AMPK的蛋白表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,糖尿病组LVEDD和LVESD均明显增加(4.823±0.103 mm和3.701±0.121 mm,P0.05),LVEF和LVFS值均明显降低(37.121±4.298%和21.023±2.187%,P0.05),CVF显著增高(20.102±1.155%,P0.05),心肌柠檬酸合酶活性和ATP含量显著降低(5.267±0.202 nmol/g和105±7.638 U/g,P0.05),Sirt3和p-AMPK蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05);与糖尿病组相比,糖尿病+白藜芦醇甙组LVEDD和LVESD均显著降低(4.354±0.113 mm和3.056±0.130 mm,P0.05),LVFS和LVEF值均显著增加(58.435±8.143%和29.071±2.232%,P0.05),CVF显著降低(10.343±0.882%,P0.05),心肌柠檬酸合酶活性和ATP含量显著增加(6.233±0.176 nmol/g和132.7±5.774 U/g,P0.05),Sirt3和p-AMPK蛋白表达显著增加(P0.05)。结论:白藜芦醇甙可改善糖尿病小鼠心肌损伤,其机制可能与白藜芦醇甙激活Sirt3/AMPK信号通路有关。     

不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果观察

目的:研究不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果。方法:选取急性有机磷农药中毒患者66例,随机分为A、B两组,每组33例。A组患者给予大剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗,B组患者给予小剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗。对比两组临床治疗效果及住院期间不良反应发生情况,对比两组治疗前后实验室指标变化。结果:A组治疗后意识恢复时间、中毒症状消失时间、胆碱酯酶(CHE)恢复时间、住院时间分别为(1.64±0.42)d、(4.84±1.25)d、(4.75±1.21)d、(5.43±1.88)d,显著少于B组的(2.10±0.82)d、(5.22±1.84)d、(5.67±1.92)d、(7.24±2.45)d(P0.05),且A组死亡率0.00%(0/33)显著低于B组的18.18%(6/33)(P0.05)。A组治疗后二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平分别为(38.71±1.44)mm Hg、(74.54±6.12)U/L、(24.45±3.57)U/L,显著低于B组治疗后的(42.43±2.45)mm Hg、(82.78±8.57)U/L、(30.12±5.75)U/L(P0.05),A组治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)水平为(86.91±5.76)mm Hg,显著高于B组治疗后的(83.76±4.87)mm Hg(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率(18.18%VS 11.11%)对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与小剂量用药相比,大剂量长托宁联合血液灌流治疗急性有机磷农药中毒疗效更好,且用药安全。     

急性低氧对高原土生动物藏系绵羊血气的影响

为了探讨急性低氧时藏系绵羊(Ovis aries)的血气特点,揭示其低氧适应机制,将7只雄性藏系绵羊和5只雄性移居绵羊分别置于高低压氧舱内,测定模拟海拔0、2 300和4 500 m时各动物清醒状态下的血气指标。用热稀释法测定心输出量。使用血气分析仪和EG7血样板,测定动脉及混合静脉血的血气指标,按Ficks方法计算氧耗量。结果显示,随着模拟海拔高度的升高,藏羊和移居羊的动静脉血氧饱和度(So2)、氧分压(Po2)、二氧化碳分压(Pco2)都呈明显下降趋势(P<0.05),血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、血液pH、心输出量及氧耗量虽无明显的差异性改变,但它们在4 500 m处的绝对值是增加的。在相同海拔,藏羊的Hb明显低于移居羊(P<0.05),4 500 m时藏羊的动脉血氧饱和度(Sao2)及组织摄氧量显著高于移居羊(P<0.05)。表明藏羊在急性低氧时表现出的高Sao2及高组织摄氧量,低Hb、低pH是它适应高原低氧的生理基础。     

应用米索前列醇治疗妊高症产后出血的疗效观察

目的:探讨应用米索前列醇对妊高症产后出血的治疗效果。方法:选取我院诊治的200例妊高症产后出血孕妇,将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组100例患者,胎儿娩出后对照组肌注催产素,观察组直肠给予米索丽列醇,按摩子宫,比较治疗后两组患者的平均出血量以及血压状况。结果:治疗前对照组和观察组平均出血量分别为(623.2±45.8)m L、(630.0±46.3)m L(P1=0.176)。治疗后,两组平均出血量分别为(486.1±24.3)m L、(313.3±23.1)m L。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组产妇的出血量均有不同减少,观察组患者少于对照组患者(P2=0.026)。对照组中重度妊高症患者的收缩压及舒张压分别为(170.1±6.7)mm Hg、(113.2±2.1)mm Hg,中度(153.6±5.1)mm Hg、(104.5±5.3)mm Hg,轻度(138.9±4.2)mm Hg、(93.2±2.0)mm Hg。观察组重度妊高症患者中以上指标分别为(169.2±6.5)mm Hg、(114.4±2.5)mm Hg,中度患者(156.2±4.8)mm Hg、(105.9±4.9)mm Hg,轻度患者(140.2±4.4)mm Hg、(90.2±4.4)mm Hg,相应病情下两组患者血压方面均无统计学差异(P3=0.87,P4=0.88,P5=0.75,P6=0.83,P7=0.64,P8=0.92)。对照组和观察组患者中不良反应发生率分别为1.0%(1/100)、2.0%(2/100),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:米索前列醇直肠用药治疗妊高症产后出血,疗效显著、给药方便、安全性较高,值得进一步推广。     

吸氧对椎管内麻醉下剖宫产术后疼痛的影响

目的:评价麻醉前和术中持续吸氧对椎管内麻醉下剖宫产术后疼痛的效果。方法:选择ASAI-II级择期行剖宫产手术的初产妇100例,将其随机分为面罩吸氧组和空气吸入组(对照组)。吸氧组于术前30 min及术中通过面罩全程给氧,吸入氧浓度为60%,空气组则不给予特殊处理。检测和比较两组产妇不同时点的心率、血压及SpO2的变化,手术时间,视觉模拟评分(VAS),新生儿Apgar评分,胎儿氧饱和度,新生儿脐动静脉血气,产妇血气以及术后24 h内恶心呕吐的发生率。结果:两组产妇各时间点心率、血压、SpO2、手术时间及新生儿Apgar评分、胎儿氧饱和度比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。吸氧组术后6 h、12 h、24 h的VAS评分分别为(4.07±0.10)、(2.13±0.12)和(0.42±0.08),均明显低于对照组的(6.10±0.11)、(4.02±0.13)及(1.10±0.22)(P0.05)。吸氧组新生儿脐动静脉血气、产妇血气氧分压均显著高于对照组(P0.05),术后24h内恶心呕吐的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:麻醉前和术中持续吸氧能显著减轻椎管内麻醉下剖宫产术后疼痛,同时有效降低术后恶心呕吐的发生率。     

间断低氧大鼠饲养舱的研制和初步应用

目的设计制造自动控制的长期间断低氧大鼠饲养舱,以建立符合睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（SAS）特征的大鼠模型。方法①由单片机自动控制,通过电磁阀控制供应各气体的流量,使饲养舱内的氧浓度能够在9%～21%的范围内快速地变化。②50只SD大鼠均分为五组,即间断低氧2周组（2H）和4周组（4H）、空气对照2周组（2C）和4周组（4C）及正常对照组（NC）。间断低氧组在密闭的舱中间断性地呼吸低氧气体,90s一次循环,每天8h,每周7d。对照组呼吸空气。结果通过单片机能自动调节医用氮气与氧气的输入,使舱内低氧时氧浓度在9.0%±1.5%,复氧时氧浓度在21.0%±0.5%。大鼠平均肺动脉压：2H组较2C组高18.71%,4H组较4C组高16.87%（P均〈0.05）;右心室收缩末期压及最大变化速率RVESP、RV＋dp/dt和RV-dp/dt：4H组较4C组分别高36.36%、56.35%和55.43%（P均〈0.01）,4H组比2H组分别高88.85%、19.49%和80.97%（P均〈0.01）;而2C组、4C组与NC组上述指标各组间均无显著性差异（P均〉0.05）。结论该大鼠饲养舱能自动、精确控制舱内氧浓度、循环时间,能复制出比较符合SAS病理生理变化特征的动物模型。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对原发性高血压患者血清Fractalkine与内皮功能的影响

目的:研究氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对原发性高血压患者血清Fractalkine与内皮功能的影响。方法:选择2017年2月至2018年2月在我院接受治疗的原发性高血压患者106例,按照随机数字表随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组使用氨氯地平治疗,观察组以对照组为基础联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗,两组患者均治疗2个月。比较两组临床疗效,观察治疗前后两组血压、内皮功能(ET-1、NO、FMO)及血清Fractalkine水平变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为94.33%,明显高于对照组81.13%(P0.05);治疗后,观察组收缩压及舒张压水平为(118.43±15.72)mm Hg、(81.32±6.87)mm Hg,明显低于对照组(126.71±17.38)mm Hg、(86.18±5.29)mm Hg(P0.05);观察组血清Fractalkine、ET-1水平为(217.81±76.62)pg/mL、(53.82±6.73)ng/L,明显低于对照组(282.17±83.24)pg/mL、(65.14±7.92)ng/L(P0.05);观察组血清NO、FMO水平为(21.07±1.95)μmol/L、(13.94±0.82)%,均明显高于对照组(18.04±2.02)μmol/L、(11.28±1.04)%,比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗原发性高血压可显著提高临床疗效,同时可显著降低血清FKN水平,改善其内皮功能。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.