浊度法测定发酵液中L－苯丙氨酸含量

本文介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法。根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度测定的最适条件。结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便、准确性高。     

浊度法测定发酵液中L—苯丙氨酸含量

本介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法,根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度最和达条件,结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便,准确性高。     

影响青霉产聚乙烯醇降解酶营养因素的研究

在培养基中没有聚乙烯醇 (PVA)及有PVA存在的情况下 ,考察了酵母粉、2 0种氨基酸和部分维生素对一株青霉WSH0 2 2 1产PVA降解酶的影响。当培养基中无PVA时 ,以酵母粉为氮源时 ,该菌株可产生 38 9U L的PVA降解酶 ;加入PVA后 ,酶活提高了 3 3倍 ,表明该菌株所产的PVA降解酶是可诱导的。进一步研究发现 ,不管培养基中是否存在PVA ,若没有苏氨酸存在 ,该菌株正常生长 ,但不能产生PVA降解酶 ,表明苏氨酸是该菌株产生PVA降解酶所必需的 ,而非生长所必需。在苏氨酸添加浓度为 10mg L到 2 0mg L的范围内 ,该菌株所产PVA降解酶的酶活随着培养基中苏氨酸浓度的增大而呈现上升趋势。     

乳酸菌素对指示菌作用方式的研究

利用指示菌生长曲线法和琼脂再培养法研究了乳酸杆菌ＡＴ－１产生的乳酸菌素对指示菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ．ｓｐ．４４４７）的作用方式。与大多数抑菌剂的作用规律相似,乳酸菌素在极低浓度（＜２４ＷＵ：１０６个Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉｓｐ．４４４７）时,能刺激指示菌的生长;达到一定浓度之后,开始表现出抑菌作用,并且随其浓度逐渐增高（４０～８０ＷＵ：１０６个Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉｓｐ．４４４７）,抑菌作用更加显著直至完全抑制指示菌的生长。取检测平板上透明圈区域的琼脂块于肉汤液体培养基中３７℃再培养２４ｈ,指示菌仍能生长,该结果表明：由乳酸杆菌ＡＴ－１产生的乳酸菌素对指示菌的生长呈现抑制作用。     

用浊度法测定发酵液中谷氨酸含量

大肠肝菌谷氨酸缺陷型只有在加有谷氨酸的培养基中才能生长,且其生长的细胞密度与谷氨酸加入量在一定浓度范围内是正相关,故可以用它作为指示菌来测定发酵液中谷氨酸的含量。     

黄腐酸对单针藻生长和油脂含量的影响

为了研究不同浓度的黄腐酸对单针藻Monoraphidium sp.FXY-10细胞生长、油脂合成的影响,研究于Kuh1培养基中添加4种不同浓度的黄腐酸(40、80、120和160 mg/L),优化出异养培养条件下最适合藻细胞生长的黄腐酸浓度;并采用黄腐酸与异养-自养两步培养联用的方法提高细胞量和油脂含量,自养培养时在培养基中添加5、25、125和625 mg/L的黄腐酸诱导油脂的合成。结果表明,80 mg/L的黄腐酸对细胞生长的促进作用最显著,细胞量可达6.4 g/L,为对照组的1.5倍。黄腐酸的浓度增加至160 mg/L,藻细胞的生长受到明显的抑制。自养培养阶段,添加25 mg/L的黄腐酸能显著地提高藻细胞的油脂含量,其油脂含量从30.78%增加至54.65%。黄腐酸对于单针藻的生长和油脂合成具有明显的促进作用,黄腐酸与两步法联用在提高微藻细胞量和油脂含量方面具有较好的应用前景。     

蛹虫草对锌的耐性与富集特征

在培养基内添加不同量的锌,研究其对蛹虫草子实体的形成、子实体和菌丝体生物量、子实体多糖含量和葡萄糖含量的影响,以及蛹虫草子实体和菌丝体对锌的富集能力。结果表明锌对上述各项都有影响。液体培养条件下,锌浓度在453906mg/L范围内可以促进菌丝体生长,锌浓度超过4077mg/L时,菌丝生长受到抑制。培养基锌的浓度在4077mg/L以下时,蛹虫草菌丝体锌的富集量随着液体培养基锌浓度的提高而提高。固体培养条件下,锌含量在226453mg/kg范围内可以促进蛹虫草子实体生长,并且在此含量范围内,蛹虫草子实体中葡萄糖含量较高。培养基锌含量在680906mg/kg时,子实体多糖含量较高。培养基锌含量在2038mg/kg以下时,蛹虫草子实体中锌的富集量随着培养基锌含量的提高而提高,在培养基锌含量为2038mg/kg时,子实体中锌的含量达到28570mg/kg(干重)。     

云南红豆杉细胞的悬浮培养

在云南红豆杉细胞悬浮培养中,适宜的培养基为B5,接种量为0．5～0．8g干重细胞／100ml培养基,2,4－D浓度为1．0mg／L;培养细胞的生长周期约30d;培养基中较高浓度的蔗糖（40g／L）可提高紫杉醇含量;添加的椰子汁（CM）、酪蛋白氨基酸（C）和水解乳蛋白（LH）3种有机添加剂均能提高培养细胞中紫杉醇的含量,但只有CM和CA能促进细胞的生长。于B5培养基中添加不同浓度的NH4NO3对培养细胞无明显影响。     

硫代硫酸钠对蓝细菌Synechocystis sp．PCC 6803生长在含葡萄糖培养基中所产生的一种新糖脂的影响

当蓝细菌Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803在添加葡萄糖的BG—11培养基中培养时,细胞出现了一种新脂。这种脂经浓硫酸／α—萘酚染色反应证实为糖脂,记为糖脂—x。这一糖脂的出现伴随着其他脂、尤其是双半乳糖甘油二酯含量的下降。此外,在添加果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等其他碳源的培养基中生长的细胞中也检测到这一糖脂。活性氧猝灭剂硫代硫酸钠加入到培养基中能有效地抑制糖脂x的出现。当在BG—11培养基中加入0．3％硫代硫酸钠后,糖脂x仅能在培养基中添加高浓度(100mmol／L)的葡萄糖且细胞生长处于后指数期时检测到。这些结果表明蓝细菌Synechocystis sp．PCC 6803细胞在含葡萄糖的培养基中生长出现的一种新糖脂可能与活性氧有关。     

L-苏氨酸工业生产发酵条件优化研究

发酵法生产L-苏氨酸是目前广泛采用的方法,因此研究工业生产发酵条件优化具有重要意义。试验以高产L-苏氨酸菌作为出发菌株,结合本公司的实际工业生产条件对发酵各条件进行了一系列优化研究,结果表明：添加0.2%的工业级生长促进剂,以复合糖代替葡萄糖为初糖,并控制初糖浓度在60g/L,除生长高峰期外,发酵过程中溶解氧（DO）控制在10%~20%之间;最终发酵放罐湿菌体在45g/L左右,L-苏氨酸含量可达110g/L左右。     

洗发、护发化妆品微生物检查方法学研究

为提高化妆品潜在微生物的阳性检出率,建立洗发、护发类化妆品微生物限度和控制菌检查方法。采用常规法、培养基稀释法、薄膜过滤法对4种洗发、护发类化妆品进行微生物限度与控制菌方法学研究。结果显示,飘柔长效柔顺滋养洗发露、海飞丝去屑洗发露、飘柔人参滋养润发精华素、力士密集滋养修复-发膜级精华素菌落总数检测方法分别为0.2 m L/皿法、800 m L/膜法、0.5 m L/皿法和300 m L/膜法;霉菌及酵母菌检测方法分别为300 m L/膜法、300 m L/膜法、1 m L/皿法和1 m L/皿法;除海飞丝去屑洗发露采用培养基稀释法,其他均采用常规法进行控制菌检查。建议在化妆品微生物检验前应进行微生物方法研究,从而提高化妆品"潜在"病原菌的检出率。     

多菌种酸奶中活性乳酸菌的计数方法研究

利用4种选择性培养基MRS、MRS-山梨醇、MRS-5．2、Elliker,采用平板涂布法和倾注接种法。在蜡烛缸法（缺氧）、封口膜法（微氧）和供氧条件下对4种市售多菌种酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌进行选择性计数方法研究。结果表明：蜡烛缸法较能反映乳酸菌活菌数量的实际情况,封口膜法次之;在不同培养条件下4种选择性培养基对于乳酸菌活菌的计数都是灵敏的;而涂布法和倾注法接种活菌数有显著差异,倾注法要优于涂布法。     

一种简单快速高分辨率的PAGE胶显带方法

尽管使用常规方法对聚丙烯酰胺胶(PAGE胶)进行DNA显带, 能获得高分辨率图片, 但常规方法操作步骤繁琐, 耗时较长。文章报道了一种PAGE胶DNA显带的改进方法, 分别使用改进的显带方法和常规的显带方法进行了PAGE胶的显影和比较。结果表明, 使用改进的显带方法得到的PAGE胶图片, DNA带型和背景具有更高的对比度, 因此具有更高的分辨率; 同时操作步骤少, 耗时短, 使用试剂少。这种方法在本实验室中已经完全代替了常规PAGE胶显带方法。     

Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism using model-based clustering

MOTIVATION: Single nucleotide polymorphisms have been investigated as biological markers and the representative high-throughput genotyping method is a combination of the Invader assay and a statistical clustering method. A typical statistical clustering method is the k-means method, but it often fails because of the lack of flexibility. An alternative fast and reliable method is therefore desirable. RESULTS: This paper proposes a model-based clustering method using a normal mixture model and a well-conceived penalized likelihood. The proposed method can judge unclear genotypings to be re-examined and also work well even when the number of clusters is unknown. Some results are illustrated and then satisfactory genotypings are shown. Even when the conventional maximum likelihood method and the typical k-means clustering method failed, the proposed method succeeded.     

酵母双杂交相关方法的改良及应用

对酵母双杂交实验过程中较为耗时的阳性克隆鉴定过程进行改进,以期建立一种快速有效的鉴定方法。分别采用液氮冻融法、超声破碎法、渗透压破壁法以及煮沸裂解法裂解酵母细胞,获得质粒作为PCR模板,直接测序鉴定筛选到的相互作用蛋白。以液氮冻融法和超声破碎法裂解细胞获得的质粒为模板进行PCR,得到特异的产物,测序鉴定结果明确,与经典的鉴定方法相比效果相当,但更加经济快捷;而渗透压破壁法和煮沸裂解法则效果不好。说明前两种方法可代替常规方法用于阳性克隆的鉴定,从而加快酵母双杂交实验中大量阳性克隆的筛查工作。     

Comparative studies of polyethylene glycol-modified liposomes prepared using different PEG-modification methods

To address the issue of excess polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid degradation observed when PEG-modified liposomes are prepared using the pH-gradient method, a concept using a novel PEG-modification method, called the post-modification method, was proposed and evaluated. To assess the proof concept, a preservation-stability study and a pharmacokinetic study were performed that compared the conventional PEG-modification method, called the pre-modification method, with the post-modification method. The results show that PEG-lipid degradation could be markedly inhibited in the post-modification method. Furthermore, the post-modification method could be used without any manufacturing process difficulties, especially with high PEG-lipid content. In addition, a higher blood circulation capability was observed in the post-modification method. Through comparative studies, it was found that the post-modification method was advantageous compared to the pre-modification method. In conclusion, the post-modification method has the potential to be a novel PEG-modification method that can achieve a higher preservation stability of PEG-lipid, a greater ease of manufacturing, and a higher blood circulation capability, especially in the manufacturing of pH-gradient liposomal products.     

炭末明胶改良安瓿法应用研究

为了证实炭末明胶改良安瓿管法替代其他方法检测细菌是否产明胶酶,实验中采用营养明胶法、X线胶片法和炭末明胶改良安瓿管法对486株质控菌株、临床分离菌株进行明胶液化试验。结果显示,以营养明胶法培养的359株呈阳性反应,X线胶片法274株呈阳性反应,炭末明胶改良安瓿法423株呈阳性反应。营养明胶法明胶液化平均天数为3.3d,而炭末明胶改良安瓿法明胶液化平均天数仅为1.5d。炭末明胶改良安瓿法由于简单快捷,易于观察,而且试剂用量小、能够室温长期保存,该方法值得推广应用。     

演化极端结合分支分类方法

从生物演化的逆方向考虑,提出一种聚合的分支分类运算方法,称为演化极端结合分支分类法。文章阐明其设计思路、演算步骤,并以实例具体说明其演算过程。最后以演化长度系数、合理解与合理方法等概念,对演化极端结合法进行评价。     

A weighted test-area method for calculating surface tension

In this paper, we propose a weighted test-area method to calculate surface tension by incorporating the weighting factor from the Bennett method into the free energy perturbation scheme of the test-area method. This new method was tested by comparing against the results of the Bennett and test-area methods for simulations of square well (SW), Lennard-Jones and point charge fluid models. It is seen that the new method is accurate for all these simulations, giving the same results as the Bennett method, in contrast to the test-area method which cannot calculate the surface tension of a SW fluid. The new method converges as quickly, on the basis of computational time required, as the test-area method and almost twice as quickly as the Bennett method. This combination of speed and accuracy means that the weighted test-area method should be used in preference to the test-area method and Bennett method for surface tension and other macroscopic thermodynamic quantities that can be calculated through perturbation methods.     

Measurement of penicillin acylase and cephalosporin acylase in fermentation broths

Summary The p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde method of Bomstein and Evans, the ninhydrin method of Marrelli and the new p-dimethyl-amino-benzaldehyde method of Kornfeld were evaluated for analysis of penicillin-V acylase and cephalosporin-V acylase in fermentation broths. The ninhydrin method was the method of choice for cephalosporin-V acylase, whereas the Kornfeld method had certain advantages with respect to penicillin-V acylase.