Purification and properties of soluble and bound gamma-glutamyltransferases from radish cotyledon

Soluble and cell wall bound gamma-glutamyltransferases (GGTs) were purified from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cotyledons. Soluble GGTs (GGT I and II) had the same M(r) of 63,000, and were composed of a heavy subunit (M(r), 42,000) and a light one (M(r), 21,000). The properties of GGT I and II were similar. Bound GGTs (GGT A and B) were purified to homogeneity from the pellet after the extraction of soluble GGTs. GGT A and B were monomeric proteins with an M(r) of 61,000. The properties of GGT A and B were similar. Thus, bound GGTs were distinguished from soluble GGTs. The optimal pHs of soluble and bound GGTs were about 7.5. Both soluble and bound GGTs utilized glutathione, gamma-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, oxidized glutathione and the conjugate of glutathione with monobromobimane as substrates, and were inhibited by acivicin, but soluble GGTs were also distinguished from bound GGTs with regard to these properties.     

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Humans, Cattle, Swine, and Food

A total of 361 Escherichia coli O157 isolates, recovered from humans, cattle, swine, and food during the years 1985 to 2000, were examined to better understand the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these organisms. Based on broth microdilution results, 220 (61%) of the isolates were susceptible to all 13 antimicrobials tested. Ninety-nine (27%) of the isolates, however, were resistant to tetracycline, 93 (26%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 61 (17%) were resistant to cephalothin, and 48 (13%) were resistant to ampicillin. Highest frequencies of resistance occurred among swine isolates (n = 70), where 52 (74%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 50 (71%) were resistant to tetracycline, 38 (54%) were resistant to cephalothin, and 17 (24%) were resistant to ampicillin. Based on the presence of Shiga toxin genes as determined by PCR, 210 (58%) of the isolates were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Among these, resistance was generally low, yet 21 (10%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and 19 (9%) were resistant to tetracycline. Based on latex agglutination, 189 (52%) of the isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7, among which 19 (10%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and 16 (8%) were resistant to tetracycline. The data suggest that selection pressure imposed by the use of tetracycline derivatives, sulfa drugs, cephalosporins, and penicillins, whether therapeutically in human and veterinary medicine or as prophylaxis in the animal production environment, is a key driving force in the selection of antimicrobial resistance in STEC and non-STEC O157.     

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from humans, cattle, swine, and food

A total of 361 Escherichia coli O157 isolates, recovered from humans, cattle, swine, and food during the years 1985 to 2000, were examined to better understand the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these organisms. Based on broth microdilution results, 220 (61%) of the isolates were susceptible to all 13 antimicrobials tested. Ninety-nine (27%) of the isolates, however, were resistant to tetracycline, 93 (26%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 61 (17%) were resistant to cephalothin, and 48 (13%) were resistant to ampicillin. Highest frequencies of resistance occurred among swine isolates (n = 70), where 52 (74%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 50 (71%) were resistant to tetracycline, 38 (54%) were resistant to cephalothin, and 17 (24%) were resistant to ampicillin. Based on the presence of Shiga toxin genes as determined by PCR, 210 (58%) of the isolates were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Among these, resistance was generally low, yet 21 (10%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and 19 (9%) were resistant to tetracycline. Based on latex agglutination, 189 (52%) of the isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7, among which 19 (10%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and 16 (8%) were resistant to tetracycline. The data suggest that selection pressure imposed by the use of tetracycline derivatives, sulfa drugs, cephalosporins, and penicillins, whether therapeutically in human and veterinary medicine or as prophylaxis in the animal production environment, is a key driving force in the selection of antimicrobial resistance in STEC and non-STEC O157.     

尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血疗效观察

目的:尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血的临床疗效。方法:90例高血压脑出血患者随机分为实验组(45例)和对照组(45例),对照组仅采用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上采用尼莫地平进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的临床神经功能缺损评分、临床残疾评分以及血肿和水肿带体积改变。结果:实验组和对照组的治疗有效率为73.33%和42.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床神经功能缺损评分分别为(18.58±3.06)、(12.31±2.74)和(18.28±2.97)、(15.22±2.72),实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床残疾评分分别为(38.93±3.37)、(61.57±3.03)和(37.51±4.962)和(43.48±7.19),实验组和对照组治疗前、后的血肿体积分别为(17.23±5.48)cm3、(7.93±3.33)cm3和(17.60±5.46)cm3、(10.97±4.25)cm3,实验组和对照组治疗前、后的水肿带体积分别为(7.73±3.20)cm3、(4.21±1.60)cm3和(7.83±3.19)cm3和(5.67±1.82)cm3,所有患者治疗后各指标均优于治疗前,治疗后两组组间比较均有有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平能够明显的减少血肿体积和水肿带的体积,提高治疗的效果,减少脑出血患者发生神经功能缺损和残疾的可能。     

Retinitis pigmentosa: distribution of inheritance patterns in a VA blind rehabilitation center population

Objectives: This purpose of this study was to characterize retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients at the Southeastern Blind Rehabilitation Center (SBRC) by inheritance pattern, and compare the results with similar studies. Study Design: Records of all RP patients who were in the blind rehabilitation program at the SBRC between 1989 and 1993 were reviewed (n=50). Patients were included in the study who could be personally contacted and whose records were complete (n=43). Pedigrees were obtained through review of records and patient interviews. Results: The analysis showed 24 patients (55.8%) were simplex (no family history of RP), 8 patients (18.6%) were autosomal dominant, 4 patients (9.3%) were probable autosomal dominant, 4 patients (9.3%) were autosomal recessive, 2 patients (4.7%) were probable autosomal recessive and 1 patient (2.3%) was X-linked recessive. Conclusions: Unique trends were apparent in the distribution of inheritance patterns. Clinicians should be aware of the large number of simplex patients found in this and the majority of similar studies.     

北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究一种-面积曲线的拟合与评价

 本文选择了10条曲线作为种—面积曲线的拟合模型,它们分别是 S=b+aA (1) S= b+alnA (2) S=(b+alnA)c (3) S=aln(A+1) (4) S=aln(bA+1) (5) S= aAb (6) S=aA/(1+bA) (7) S=c/(1+ae-bA) (8) S=c-ae-bA (9) S=a(1-e-bA) (10) 对其中的7个非线性模型给出了参数初值的计算方法,并用Gauss—Newton或Marquardt方法计算非线性最优解。又选择了剩余标准差(RSE)、相关指数(CRI)、偏差绝对值的平均值(AAD)和相对偏差绝对值的平均值(AARD)作为模型拟合优劣的4个评价指标。研究结果表明：1)7个非线性模型中参数初值的计算方法是可行的。从4个评价指标来看,它们的非线性最小二乘解都明显优于线性最小二乘解;2)10个模型的拟合效果都相当好,对5个样地及其各层拟合的共200个CRI中有71.5％大于0.9,89％大于0.8,其中曲线(3)和(9)最好,其次是(5)、(6)、(2),(1)和(10)最差;3)秩相关分析表明,3个评价指标RSE、AAD和AARD相互之间存在极强的正秩相关,因此在本研究中,它们的评价结果具很强的一致性。     

沙井地区384例支原体药敏试验结果及分析

目的:了解本地区社区感染支原体的药物敏感情况。方法:对门诊标本培养出的384例支原体进行药敏试验(微量肉汤法)。结果:Uu对交沙霉素、克拉霉素及罗红霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为98%、94%及93%;对环丙沙星、大观霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为8%及11%。Mh对交沙霉素敏感率为89%、对大现霉素、多西环素、美满霉素的敏感率均为78%;对罗红霉素、红霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为0%及11%。Uu合并Mh对交沙霉素、多西环素、美满霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为85%、73%及69%,对红霉素、克拉霉素、大观霉素的敏感性均为0%,对罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星的敏感率均为4%。结论:支原体的敏感性存在时空差异,且不同类型的支原体对抗菌素的敏感性是不同的,应采用实验室结果而非经验指导用药。     

5774例临床生育不良者异常染色体核型分析及32种人类染色体新核型报告

为了探讨异常染色体核型在临床生育不良人群中的分布及其与临床生育结局的关系, 采用常规方法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体, 经G显带, 对 5 774例临床生育不良者做了外周血染色体核型分析, 检查出异常核型550 例。其中三体核型 255 例占 46.36％, 相互易位 91 例占 16.55％, 染色体倒位 85 例占 15.45％, 染色体缺失 81 例占 14.73％, 罗伯逊易位21例占3.82%, 短臂增加7例占1.27%, 大丫6例占1.09%, 随体异常4例占0.73%。其中 32 例为首次报道的新核型。其临床结局有流产、不育、先天畸形等。结果表明携带异常核型染色体, 可能是影响生育的重要原因之一。     

银杏叶提取物对对乙酰氨基酚诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探究银杏叶提取物（GBE）对对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：30只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、GBE低、中、高剂量组（50,100,and 200 mg·kg^-1）,每组6只。除对照组外,剩余小鼠腹腔注射APAP （300 mg/kg）一次,随后GBE低、中、高剂量组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,治疗2 d后取材。观察各组肝脏大体情况和肝组织的病理组织学变化;取血测定各组小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性和TNF-α、IL-6的水平;取肝检测各组肝组织中SOD、MPO的活性和GSH、MDA的含量;通过Western blot检测各组肝组织中Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的表达量。结果：与对照组相比,模型组肝脏明显肿大,病理表现差,血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6的水平显著升高（P<0.01）,肝组织中GSH的含量和SOD的活性显著降低（P<0.01）,MDA的含量和MPO的活性显著升高（P<0.01）,Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达明显下调（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,GBE组肝脏肿大减轻,病理表现有所改善,血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6的水平显著降低（P<0.01）,肝组织中GSH的含量和SOD的活性显著提高（P<0.01）,MDA的含量和MPO的活性显著降低（P<0.01）,Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）,其中高剂量GBE组治疗效果最明显。结论：GBE可对APAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化途径发挥作用。     

Conception rates in dairy cows after timed-insemination and simultaneous treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha

This study was designed to determine conception rates in dairy cows after timed-insemination and simultaneous treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha). A total of 2352 cows was randomly assigned to six groups. Cows in Groups 1 to 5 were palpated per rectum to determine the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on the ovary, and blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations. Cows with a CL and P4 concentrations >1 ng/ml were treated (Day 0) with PGF2alpha (25 mg, i.m.) and were observed for estrus. Cows in estrus prior to 72 hours after treatment (Group 5, n = 106) were bred, but were not treated. Cows not observed in estrus by 72 hours were divided into four remaining groups, were bred between 72 and 80 hours and were assigned as follows: Cows in Group 1 (n = 203) were not treated; Cows in Group 2 (n = 200) were treated with GnRH (100 ug, i.m.); Cows in Group 3 (n = 201) were treated with PGF2alpha (25 mg, i.m.); and cows in Group 4 (n = 202) were treated with both GnRH and PGF2alpha. Cows in Group 6 (n = 1440) were not treated with PGF2alpha on Day 0 and were estrual cows that were bred on days when cows in Groups 1 to 5 were time-inseminated. The percentage of cows in all groups pregnant at 45 to 50 days after one insemination was compared using analysis of variance (P<0.05). The conception rate of cows in Group 2 was significantly higher than that of cows in Groups 1 to 4. There was a significant group-by-season interaction. Cows treated with GnRH during the spring had a higher conception rate than at other times of the year. Conception rates of cows in Groups 1 to 4 that were inseminated during the summer were low and not significantly different from each other. Conception rates of cows in Groups 5 and 6 inseminated during the summer were not significantly different from each other, but were significantly higher than that of cows in Groups 1 to 4 that were inseminated during the summer.     

Inter- and intra-individual variations of heart rate variability in Japanese males

Spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) were repeatedly measured (4-8 measurements; mean: 6 measurements) in 75 healthy Japanese male subjects (age range: 20-61) under two postural conditions (standing and supine). Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components and mean heart rate (HR) were analyzed with special reference to individual variations, which were classified into two types: inter- (interV) and intra-individual variations (intraV). The percent contributions and coefficients of variations were calculated for both interV and intraV. Percent contributions of intraV (intraV%) of HR with standing and supine postures were 15.8 and 12.9%, respectively. The intraV% of HF and LF on standing were 31.5 and 26.5%, while those in the supine posture were 27.8 and 35.5%, respectively. The coefficients of interV (interCV) and intraV (intraCV) were also calculated. The interCVs of HR, HF, and LF on standing were 14.9, 41.4, and 48.4%, while those in the supine posture registered 16.2, 42.9, and 44.2%, respectively. The intraCVs of HR, HF, and LF on standing were 5.0, 19.7, and 21.2%, while those in the supine posture indicated 4.7, 20.1, and 23.0%, respectively. We also calculated the interV and intraV of logarithmic-transformed HRV indexes. The log-transformation remarkably diminished both variables: interCV and intraCV registered 14-16 and 6-7%, respectively. Although interV variations were considerably large, intraV variations of HRV were negligibly small. The HRV indexes decreased with age, although HR remained unchanged. The coefficients of determination (r2) were 14-34%. In the case of log-transformed HRV indexes, the coefficients of determination registered 9-15%, suggesting that 14-34% (raw) or 9-15% (log) of the observed interV may be due to variations in age.     

Prevalence of low positive anti-HCV antibodies in blood donors: Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and possible role of autoantibodies

Patients infected with schistosoma frequently show a high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies. The aim of this study was to find the underlying reason for this phenomenon, and to examine a possible involvement of autoantibodies. Out of 2,400 Egyptian blood donors, 192 (8%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA. They were 133 males and 59 females with age ranging from 27 to 48 years. According to optical density ratio (ODR) of anti-HCV antibodies, 96 cases were low positive (LP) with ODR (1-2) designated as group I, and 96 were high positive (HP) with ODR (> or =2) (group II). Both groups were examined for quantitative HCV core antigen (HCVcAg), liver function (Albumin, ALT, AST) and anti-Schistosoma mansoni(anti-Sm) IgG. Group I cases were HCVcAg negative with normal liver function tests, and 44 of them were anti-Sm positive. Ninety cases (93.75%) of group II were HCVcAg positive with markedly affected liver function tests and 72 cases were anti-Sm positive. All group I cases were examined for autoimmune markers (ANA, AMA, SMA and LKM). In group I, 33 (75%) of anti-Sm positive cases were positive for one or more of the autoimmune markers examined, while none of anti-Sm negative was positive for any marker with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Our results primarily on blood donors indicate that LP anti-HCV frequently represents false-positive reactivity with a possible role of Sm-induced autoantibodies in this phenomenon.     

Relative performance of Lindgren multiple-funnel, Intercept panel, and Colossus pipe traps in catching Cerambycidae and associated species in the southeastern United States

In 2004, we evaluated the relative performance of 8-unit Lindgren multiple-funnel (funnel), Intercept panel (panel), and Colossus pipe (pipe) traps, baited with ethanol and ac-pinene lures, in catching saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in pine stands in northern Florida and western South Carolina. Panel traps were as good as, if not better than, funnel and pipe traps for catching Cerambycidae. In particular, more Monochamus titillator (F.) were captured in panel traps than in pipe and funnel traps. Of three species of Buprestidae captured in our study, most Buprestis lineata F. were caught in panel traps, whereas most Acmaeodera tubulus (F.) were caught in funnel traps. Catches of Chalcophora virginiensis Drury and the root-feeding weevils Hylobius pales Herbst an dPachylobius picivorus LeConte (Curculionidae) were unaffected by trap type. Among bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), catches of Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) were unaffected by trap type, whereas most Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) were caught in panel traps, most Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff were caught in panel and pipe traps, and most Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff were caught in funnel traps. Among ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), panel traps caught the most Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg), whereas pipe traps caught the most Xyleborus Eichhoff spp. More Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Dryoxylon onoharaensis (Murayama) were caught in panel and funnel traps than in pipe traps. Among bark beetle predators, more Platysoma Leach spp. (Histeridae) were caught in pipe and panel traps than in funnel traps, whereas most Lasconotus Erichson spp. (Zopheridae) were caught in funnel traps. Variation among trap performance for various species suggests that managers should consider more than one type of trap in their detection programs.     

Pathogenetic mechanisms in immune polioencephalomyelitis: quantitative evaluation of protective and pathogenic effects of lymphoid cells.

Terminal dilution, adoptive cell transfer techniques were developed to quantify the protective effect of lymphoid cells in the pathogenesis of immune polioencephalomyelitis (IPE). The pathogenic effects of lymphoid cell populations were quantified by deleting the step of antigenic challenge. Regression curves were computer analyzed and PD50 values were compared. Immune spleen cells (ISC) from 4- to 6-week-old donors were more protective (PD50 = 4.9 +/- 1.3) than ISC from 12-month-old animals (PD50 greater than 7.0). The slopes of the regression curves also differed markedly (young mice, -0.24; old mice, -0.09). ISC were less protective in 12-month-indicator mice than in 5-month-old recipients (PD50 values of 5.2 +/- 0.8 and 3.7 +/- 0.8, respectively). When adoptive cell transfer tests were used to quantify the pathogenetic effects of donor cells it was found that ISC were pathogenetic at doses of 10(5) or less, but protective at higher doses. IPEC were pathogenetic at all test doses. When ISC were x-irradiated or sonicated the were only pathogenetic. Normal spleen or peritoneal exudate cells were neither protective nor pathogenetic. A model was developed in which mice were either thymectomized at birth (Tx), or Tx at birth and x-irradiated (500 R) 8 weeks later (Tx-XR). Sham Tx or Tx-XR mice served as controls. All of the mice were challenged with antigen (10(4) x-irradiated Ib cells). Only a portion (8/24) of the Tx mice developed IPE, indicating that resistance was T cell dependent but also involved a significant T cell independent component. The data also indicated that T cells were not pathogenetic effector cells in this model. Tx mice were not reconstituted by ISC (7/18 developed IPE), Tx-XR mice were partially reconstituted (3/12 developed IPE), but sham Tx-XR were fully restored (0/20 had IPE). Normal spleen cells did not reconstitute any of the mice.     

太湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

分别于2009年8月和2010年5月对太湖流域37个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查采样.共采集到大型底栖动物69种,其中寡毛类15种,占21.7%;软体动物16种,占232%;甲壳动物5种,占7.2%;水生昆虫27种,占39.1%;多毛类6种,占8.7%.利用大型底栖动物的物种组成以及物种相对丰度,应用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)和无偏对应分析(DCA)将37个采样点分为4组.第1组的指示种为齿吻沙蚕和河蚬等多毛类及软体动物;第2组的指示种为太湖大螯蜚和方格短沟蜷等多毛类及软体动物;第3组的指示种为霍甫水丝蚓等环节动物;第4组的指示种为正颤蚓和摇蚊幼虫.典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明： 电导率和总氮是影响底栖动物分布的主要环境因子,铵氮、COD_Cr、透明度、叶绿素a、水深及硝态氮对底栖动物分布也有影响.     

红芪、黄芪及配伍当归对环磷酰胺所致血虚模型小鼠的干预作用

目的：观察红芪、黄芪及配伍当归对环磷酰胺（CTX）所致血虚模型小鼠的干预作用。方法：昆明种小鼠随机分为7组,每组10只。采用CTX复制小鼠血虚模型,正常组与模型组小鼠用生理盐水灌胃,阳性对照组小鼠给予驴胶补血颗粒,四个给药组分别灌胃红芪、黄芪、红芪-当归组（5：1）及黄芪-当归组（5：1）,连续灌胃7 d后,采用血细胞分析仪测定各组小鼠外周红细胞（RBC）、淋巴细胞（LYM）、红细胞压积（HCT）、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）,取脾脏、胸腺、股骨,计算脾脏指数（SI）、胸腺指数（TI）的变化,进行网织红细胞计数（RC）、骨髓有核细胞计数,并对股骨进行病理切片观察。结果：与正常组比较,模型组小鼠RBC、WBC、HCT、PLT、LYM等含量均降低（P<0.05）,与模型组比较,红芪及不同配伍各组小鼠中SI、TI均显著升高（P<0.05）,红芪-当归组及黄芪-当归组可显著提高外周RBC、HCT、WBC、PLT、LYM的含量（P<0.05）,可升高RC及骨髓有核细胞数量（P<0.05）,股骨病理切片显示有所改善。结论：红芪-当归（5：1）与黄芪-当归（5：1）配伍对血虚模型小鼠的改善作用及补血作用优于红芪、黄芪的单独作用,黄芪-当归（5：1）效果更佳。     

深圳市儿童社区获得性肺炎细菌病原学及其耐药性

目的研究儿童社区获得性肺炎细菌病原学及其耐药性特征,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法对2006年2月至2007年3月1年期间住院的5岁及5岁以下社区获得性肺炎病人,进行深部呼吸道吸引物细菌培养,并且检测分离菌株对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果1441例病人中,722例检出细菌共761株,分离阳性率为50．1％,分离菌依次为肺炎克雷伯菌170株（22．3％）、大肠埃希菌130株（17．1％）、肺炎链球菌89株（11．7％）、金黄色葡萄球菌63株（8．3％）及流感和副流感嗜血杆菌60株（7．9％）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为15．9％;对青霉素不敏感的肺炎链球菌（包括PISP和PRSP）检出率为84．3％;肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、粘质沙雷菌和阴沟肠杆菌产ESBLs的检出率分别为31．2％、46．2％、94．8％和16．8％;流感嗜血杆菌和副流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率为36％和40％;铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼复合不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为10．7％和13．2％。结论在深圳儿童社区获得性肺炎的分离菌中,革兰阴性菌明显多于革兰阳性菌,分离菌依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及流感和副流感嗜血杆菌。分离细菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较为严重。     

韩国华津浦湖的鱼类区系

There are sevenlagoons onthe east coast of Korea,including Kyeongpo Lake,Hyang Lake,Mae Lake,Chung-cho Lake,Yeoungrang Lake,Songji Lake and HwajinpoLake.They are all originally natural and brackish waterlakes.Therefore,these lakes are not only historically veryimportant but also have high values for geological,andecological sciences.Natural lakes like lagoons are different from man-made lakes.That is,water level in natural lakes is almostconstant,cline by waterside is not much,and wet la…     

Cytolytic and fluorescent detection of H-Y antigen on preimplantation mouse embryos

Monoclonal antibodies to histocompatibility (H-Y) antigen, of IgM subclass, were used to immunologically determine the sex of mouse embryos prior to transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. Two experiments were performed, one using cytolysis of H-Y positive embryos and the other using binding of a Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-(FITC) labeled second antibody. Eight- to 16-cell embryos used in the cytolytic assay were cultured in Whitten's Medium without bovine serum albumin (WM), to which monoclonal antibody and normal guinea pig serum were added. Embryos were classified as affected or unaffected, based on morphology of the embryo and its blastomeres. A total of 550 embryos were cultured; 294 (53.5%) were scored as unaffected and 263 of these were transferred to recipients. Forty-three (81.1%) of 53 pups born were female. Morulae and early blastocysts were used in the FITC-labeled second antibody assay. Embryos were cultured in WM containing monoclonal antibody, washed and placed in drops of WM containing FITC-labeled anti-IgM. Following another wash embryos were individually evaluated at 200X for fluorescence. Fifty-five percent (169 of 305) of the embryos displayed cell-specific fluorescence. A total of twenty-three pups, 18 males (78.3%) and five females (21.7%), were born following transfer of 156 fluorescing embryos. Four male (17.4%) and nineteen female (82.6%) pups resulted from embryos classified as non-fluorescing.     

Hepatitis B Antigen in Viral Hepatitis in West London

During the first 12 months of a total population survey 249 patients were seen with viral hepatitis. A total of 215 of these were tested for hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) by radioimmunoassay and 32 (15%) were positive.More than five times as many men (27) as women (5) were HBAg positive and 19 of the men were between the ages of 20 and 39 years. There were only four drug addicts among those tested, two of whom were positive, as were two of the four patients who were tattooed.Sixty out of 86 children (under 15 years) were tested for HBAg and none was positive.