双指标优选肠安颗粒中有机酸提取工艺条件(I)

以总有机酸和绿原酸的提取率双指标作为提取条件考核对象,来探讨肠安颗粒中所含有机酸成分的中药材的最佳提取工艺。采用L9(34)正交设计,考察提取溶媒所需加水量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、煎煮次数四个因素,选择进行3个水平试验。得出结论:以加10倍量的水(第一次煎煮多加1.5倍量),浸泡1 h,煎煮2次,每次1h为最佳提取工艺条件,亦即以A2B2C2D2组合为合理。     

双指标优选肠安颗粒中有机酸提取工艺条件(Ⅰ)

以总有机酸和绿原酸的提取率双指标作为提取条件考核对象,来探讨肠安颗粒中所含有机酸成分的中药材的最佳提取工艺.采用L9（34）正交设计,考察提取溶媒所需加水量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、煎煮次数四个因素,选择进行3个水平试验.得出结论：以加10倍量的水（第一次煎煮多加1.5倍量）,浸泡1 h,煎煮2次,每次1h为最佳提取工艺条件,亦即以A2B2C2D2组合为合理.     

复方新会陈皮含片药材提取工艺优选

目的 优选复方新会陈皮含片中甘草、桔梗药材的水提取工艺条件。方法 采用单因素试验和正交试验法,以得膏率和甘草中指标性成分甘草苷、甘草酸的保留率为考察指标,高效液相色谱法测定甘草苷、甘草酸的含量;以加水量、煎煮次数、煎煮时间、浸泡时间为考察因素,优选提取工艺条件。结果 甘草、桔梗药材的水煮提取工艺优选条件分别为加水量9、8、8倍煎煮3次,每次2 h,不浸泡。验证试验指标成分甘草苷和甘草酸保留率分别约为87.0%、64.0%。结论 优选的提取工艺得膏率、甘草苷、甘草酸的含量较高,提取工艺稳定、合理可行。     

正交试验法考察参附丹强心颗粒的制备工艺

目的:优选参附丹强心颗粒的提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验,以出膏率和丹参素钠含量考察水提工艺条件。结果:水提取的最佳工艺为药材用8倍量水提取3次,每次3h。加入乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,回收乙醇至无醇味。3批验证结果,出膏率18.81%,丹参素钠含量23.06mg/g。结论:上述实验结果可作为参附丹强心颗粒的提取工艺。     

芍药黄芩乳膏的临床前制备工艺研究

目的:探讨芍药黄芩乳膏的提取工艺.方法:以浸膏得率和芍药苷含量为考察指标,采用正交试验法,考察浸泡时间、加水量、提取次数、提取时间4个因素对提取工艺的影响.结果:最佳提取工艺为A3B3C3D2即药材加水10倍量,浸泡时间为1.5h,提取3次.提取时间为1.5h.结论:正交试验优选的芍药黄芩乳膏的提取工艺快速、准确、简便.     

正交试验优选紫参片的醇提工艺

目的:优选紫参片的醇提工艺.方法:以醇浸膏得率、丹参酮ⅡA、阿魏酸含量为考察指标,采用正交试验法,考查乙醇浓度、加醇量及提取时间对紫参片提取工艺的影响.结果:最佳醇提工艺为A2B2C2,即药材加6倍量70%乙醇提取3次,每次提取1h.结论:优选的紫参片的醇提工艺简便、快速、准确,可为工业化生产提供理论依据.     

复方明目口服液的制备工艺研究

目的：探究以枸杞子和菊花为主药，玫瑰花、麦芽、陈皮为辅药组建的复方明目口服液的最佳制备工艺。方法：以复合多糖提取率和浸膏得率为评价指标，采用单因素试验和正交试验对复方明目口服液的制备工艺进行探究。结果：单因素实验结果可得，复方明目口服液的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶14、提取温度80℃、提取时间2.5 h。正交实验方差分析表明液料比在提取工艺中为显著性因素，其次为提取温度，而提取时间对提取结果影响最小。结论：复方明目口服液的最佳制备工艺为料液比1∶14、提取温度100℃、提取时间2 h，且多糖提取率和浸膏得率分别高达15.28%±0.012%、33.89%±0.024%。     

丹参中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的提取与纯化工艺研究

建立了同时提取丹参中丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B两种主要活性成分的方法及丹酚酸B的纯化工艺。以丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B的含量为评价指标,采用正交实验优化提取工艺,所得最优提取工艺为:用8倍量70%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。丹参酮ⅡA的提取率在90%以上,丹酚酸B的提取率在80%以上。提取物浸膏用热水溶解,过滤,滤液浓缩为1 m L含约0.5 g生药的溶液,取150 m L以2 BV/h的速度上D101大孔树脂柱;然后用6 BV的水洗脱,再以4 BV/h的流速用8 BV的30%乙醇洗脱除杂,以2 BV/h的流速10 BV60%乙醇富集,得到纯度大于75%丹酚酸B,验证实验表明该工艺稳定可行;最后经过洗涤和甲醇重结晶,得到纯度大于99%的丹酚酸B,总得率为2.86%(以干燥根茎计算)。     

江南卷柏提取物脱脂工艺优选

研究了江南卷柏提取物的石油醚脱脂工艺。以残渣穗花杉双黄酮提取量和石油醚浸膏得率为参考指标,采用HPLC进行定量分析,通过正交试验法优选脱脂工艺。最佳脱脂工艺为用6倍量石油醚回流提取2次,每次提取时间1h。该脱脂工艺稳定可行。     

丹参酚酸水提取工艺的研究

本文以药典规定的水溶性总酚酸紫外吸收度为检测指标,考察了丹参酚酸的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺为：采用16倍水煎煮,每次煎煮时间不能超过0．5h,煎煮4次后基本提取完全。另外本文还对水提液的醇沉工艺进行了考察,研究结果表明50％醇沉的效果最好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.