花椒不同炮制品中挥发性成分GC-MS分析

本文对花椒不同炮制品挥发性成分的变化进行分析,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花椒中的挥发油,利用GC-MS分析花椒不同炮制品中挥发性成分的组成及含量变化。结果表明,花椒挥发油中的成分大致分为醇类、烯类、酯类三大类,含量较高的化合物依次均为乙酸芳樟酯、芳樟醇、柠檬烯。在已鉴定的化合物中,花椒不同炮制品中共有成分为25种,其中酒制品中未鉴定到桉油精。本研究结果为后续花椒炮制减毒增效作用的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

四川5个产区松茸挥发性成分比较研究北大核心CSCD

为了解四川各产区鲜松茸挥发性成分的异同,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GCMS)分析了松茸的挥发性成分,在5个产地松茸子实体中分别确定出30、25、18、16和28个化合物,共计52种。C8类化合物及己醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、右旋萜二烯、肉桂酸甲酯是松茸的主要挥发性成分,也是五个产区松茸子实体中的共有成分,占检测到的挥发性成分含量的70%以上。不同产区松茸挥发性成分种类及含量具有显著差异,各个产区松茸均含有独特的挥发性成分,这导致了松茸香气呈现一定的地域性特征,并且研究发现松茸挥发性成分可能与共生树种及环境具有一定相关性。研究结果可作为鉴定及区分各个产区松茸的化学辅助手段,同时还可为提升松茸品质提供参考。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析槟榔果皮和种子的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),首次分析槟榔果皮和种子的挥发性成分。从槟榔发黄果皮和青果皮中分别鉴定出29和21种成分,分别占总峰面积的89.18%和71.96%,从发黄果实种子和青果实种子中分别鉴定出20和15种成分,分别占总峰面积的87.47%和70.24%,发黄果皮和青果皮有8个共有成分,发黄果实种子和青果实种子有13个共有成分,四者有5个共有成分。槟榔果皮和种子的挥发性成分具有差别。     

四川5个产区松茸挥发性成分比较研究

为了解四川各产区鲜松茸挥发性成分的异同,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GCMS)分析了松茸的挥发性成分,在5个产地松茸子实体中分别确定出30、25、18、16和28个化合物,共计52种。C8类化合物及己醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、右旋萜二烯、肉桂酸甲酯是松茸的主要挥发性成分,也是五个产区松茸子实体中的共有成分,占检测到的挥发性成分含量的70%以上。不同产区松茸挥发性成分种类及含量具有显著差异,各个产区松茸均含有独特的挥发性成分,这导致了松茸香气呈现一定的地域性特征,并且研究发现松茸挥发性成分可能与共生树种及环境具有一定相关性。研究结果可作为鉴定及区分各个产区松茸的化学辅助手段,同时还可为提升松茸品质提供参考。     

椿叶花椒叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,研究了用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的椿叶花椒叶挥发油的化学成分。结果表明:鉴定出33种成分,占挥发油总离子流色谱峰面积的99.99%。椿叶花椒叶挥发油的主要成分为2-壬酮,芳樟醇,β-水芹烯。     

不同产地红花椒椒目的全组分分析CSCD

椒目是花椒的主要副产物,目前国内外关于椒目的研究主要集中在油脂方面,对其他有效成分的研究较少。为充分开发椒目资源,本文以金阳、汉源及武都3个产地的红花椒椒目为研究对象,结合化学方法和色谱技术对椒目中的化学成分及营养成分进行分析。结果表明,在3个产地的椒目样品中共鉴定出92种挥发性成分和28种非挥发性成分,其中挥发性成分主要为醇类、羰基类、酯类、萜烯类等化合物,3个产地共有成分共7种;非挥发性成分主要为酚类、生物碱、脂肪酸、香豆素、木脂素等化合物,3个产地共有成分共18种。同时,本文对椒目的营养成分,包括蛋白质,油脂、总糖等成分进行了分析。通过本文的系统研究,为进一步开发椒目的食用及商业价值提供了物质基础和研究思路。     

不同温度竹荪品种挥发性成分及风味特性分析

[目的]分析研究不同温度竹荪品种挥发性成分及风味特性。[方法]选生长温度、子实体形态有明显差异的两个代表性竹荪品种:红托竹荪、棘托竹荪,采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,分析其挥发性成分。[结果]两种竹荪挥发性成分涵盖醛、醇、酯、酮、烃、杂环等类,两个品种所含化合物种类、含量有差异。中温品种挥发性成分72种,含量95. 279%,气味表现成分36种,含量27. 713%,占其挥发性成分的29. 086%。中高温品种挥发性成分55种,含量94. 392%,气味表现成分29种,含量15. 916%,占其挥发性成分的16. 862%。[结论]不同温度竹荪品种,其所含挥发性成分不同,气味表现物质不同,其风味特征不同。     

杀青等处理对云南昭通青花椒挥发性成分变化的影响

对云南昭通几个地区的新鲜青花椒进行杀青、冻干等处理后,进行花椒精油量的测定,结果冻干花椒精油含量的损失最大,约13%,杀青处理对精油含量没什么影响;同时用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)顶空法对新鲜青花椒原料和不同处理的青花椒样品进行成分定量及定性分析和比较。结果经GC-MS分离并鉴定其挥发性成分(匹配度在80以上)约10种;5种主要成分为桧烯、β-月桂烯、D-柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、芳樟醇;新鲜花椒中:芳樟醇73%以上;桧烯6%以上;D-柠檬烯5%以上。经蒸汽杀青后其成分含量排序基本没变,但芳樟醇略有提高,而桧烯和D-柠檬烯略有下降;经冻干和晾干后其精油成分中桧烯和D-柠檬烯比例提高至30%左右,而芳樟醇含量下降至30%左右。     

不同产地青花椒精油的化学成分分析及体外抑制幽门螺杆菌研究

本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取青花椒精油，利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对8个云南不同产地的青花椒（分别产自云南迪庆州、昭通市、红河州、丽江市等地）精油中的挥发性成分，并选用滤纸片法测试其对幽门螺杆菌的抑菌效果。实验结果表明，8个不同产地青花椒精油的平均提取率为8.56%，精油中主要成分为芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯和4-萜烯醇，不同产地青花椒精油对幽门螺杆菌抑菌圈直径大小均大于25 mm。综上所述，不同产地青花椒精油的化学成分存在一定差异，但均有抑制幽门螺杆菌的作用，且抑制幽门螺杆菌效果与精油中的芳樟醇含量成正相关性。     

韭菜挥发油成分的GC—MS分析

采用“同时蒸馏-萃取”装置（SDE）提取2个韭菜品种的挥发性物质,经GC-MS分析,“紫根韭菜”和“平韭4号”分别含有20种和26种挥发油成分,韭菜挥发油成分在2个品种间有一定差异。决定韭菜风味的主要挥发油成分为二甲基三硫化物、甲基丙烯基硫化物和甲基丙烯基二硫化物。     

A phenetic study of Cassia sensu lato (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae: Cassiinae) in Thailand

Cassia L. sensu lato, a large heterogeneous genus of flowering plants, occurs naturally in the tropics around the world. Recent works based on floral morphology have supported a division of this genus into three genera, namely Cassia L. s. str., Chamaecrista Moench and Senna Mill. In order to investigate this new classification, 508 specimens of 18 taxa of the genus Cassia s.l. grown in Thailand were analyzed using cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis. The total 32 vegetative and reproductive morphological characters were employed in these analyses. In cluster analysis, Cassia s.l. can be separated into four groups, respectively viz. Chamaecrista, Senna alata, Senna and Cassia s /str. The four-cluster grouping is discussed. From a canonical discriminant analysis using the four-cluster grouping as a priori groups, it can be concluded that Cassia s. str., Senna, and Chamaecrista are indeed distinct taxa. The three most important characters that separate the three genera are filament length, fruit length, and ovary stalk length. These quantitative characters, together with some qualitative characters, were useful in constructing an identification key to these genera. Among the three genera, it was also found that Senna is rather a heterogeneous taxon. The difference between the studied species was discussed.     

Patterns of morphometric and allozyme variation in Aedes albopictus

A survey of microgeographic variation using morphometric and allozyme analyses was conducted on 19 US populations of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a mosquito that was recently introduced into the US. There was considerable variation within and among populations both in morphometric traits and allele frequencies. A multivariate discriminant analysis enabled the separation of populations into distinct groups; separation among the populations in the morphometric analysis was incomplete with an average of 70% of the individuals being correctly classified. In the allozyme analysis, the discrimination was complete. The populations from Texas were placed close together in the morphometric analysis, whereas in the allozyme analysis a geographic clustering of populations could not be detected. A test of association between the distance matrices derived from the morphometric and allozyme analyses was statistically nonsignificant. The results are discussed in the context of the colonization of the US by A. albopictus. The possible factors underlying the differences in the patterns of variation derived from morphometric and allozyme analyses are also discussed.     

茶树CsCIGR基因克隆及表达特性分析

该研究以茶树基因组数据库为基础,采用RT-PCR技术,从茶树‘龙井43’中克隆得到基因CsCIGR。序列分析显示,CsCIGR基因开放阅读框长度为1 677 bp,编码588个氨基酸。进化分析表明,CsCIGR属于GRAS家族的PAT1亚家族。多序列比对显示,茶树CsCIGR蛋白与其他植物的GRAS蛋白氨基酸序列具有很高的相似性。氨基酸理化性质分析显示,CsCIGR转录因子属于亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测显示,CsCIGR可能位于细胞核中。启动子预测分析发现,CsCIGR启动子区域包含胁迫响应元件(STRE)、干旱应答元件(MYC)、厌氧诱导元件(ARE)等多种与逆境响应相关的顺式作用元件。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,CsCIGR基因在低温(4℃)、高温(38℃)、干旱(200 g·L~(-1) PEG)、高盐(200 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)胁迫下均能诱导表达,且对高盐,低温和高温胁迫响应更为明显,推测CsCIGR基因在茶树响应逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。该研究为茶树抗性育种筛选基因提供了重要理论依据。     

石榴WRKY基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

WRKY蛋白是一类在植物生长发育过程及生物与非生物胁迫过程中起重要调控作用的转录因子。该研究利用石榴全基因组数据,采用生物信息学的方法,对石榴WRKY转录因子家族成员蛋白理化性质、系统进化、基因结构、保守基序、顺式作用元件、蛋白互作及基因共表达和转录组表达模式进行系统分析。结果共鉴定出69个PgWRKY基因;分组鉴定和进化分析显示WRKY蛋白可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ共三大类型。顺式作用元件分析表明,PgWRKY基因广泛参与到非生物胁迫中;蛋白互作网络与共表达分析暗示PgWRKY基因在同一胁迫应答中可能作用一致并同时诱导表达;RNA-Seq数据分析表明,PgWRKY基因有一定的组织表达特异性,广泛参与植物营养、生殖生长以及根部逆境胁迫应答过程。     

百合LbCAT和LbGPX基因的克隆与表达分析

以切花百合(Lilium brownii var. viridulum)‘卡瓦纳’cDNA为模板,克隆了过氧化氢酶(LbCAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(LbGPX)基因。序列分析表明,这2个基因分别包含1 479 bp和519 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码492个和172个氨基酸。进化分析结果表明,LbCAT蛋白与岷江百合CAT蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高(99.19%),且亲缘关系最近;LbGPX蛋白与油棕GPX蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高(78.61%),亲缘关系最近。qRT PCR结果显示,LbCAT和LbGPX在百合根、鳞茎、叶和花中都有表达。LbCAT在叶中表达量最高,LbGPX在花中表达量最高。这2个基因在百合花蕾的生长发育过程中均有表达,且表达量逐渐增加;在PEG处理后2个基因的转录水平升高,但独角金内酯(SLs)处理却显著降低了这2个基因的转录水平;该结果为百合抗逆性机理研究以及抗逆育种奠定了基础。     

Estimates of heritability and correlations of morphometric traits in Clarkia (Onagraceae)

Summary Interspecific heritability values were estimated using parent-offspring regression analyses for 11 morphological traits differentiating Clarkia nitens and C. speciosa subsp. polyantha. Estimates ranged from near 0 for anther color and germination percentage, to 0.8 for calyx length and petal tip color. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlation matrices were computed to determine the extent of interspecific correlations of traits. Cluster analyses of the genetic and environmental correlation matrices each resulted in three clusters of correlated traits; however, the clusters derived from the two matrices were different. The clusters produced by analysis of the environmental correlation matrix were similar to the factors obtained from principal component analysis of the phenotypic correlation matrix. Genetic correlations may result from strong linkage due to interspecific chromosomal differences.     

六个品种花椰菜花球的营养成分分析与评价

为评价花椰菜(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)的营养品质,测定了6个品种花球的10项营养指标,运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对花椰菜品质进行综合评价。结果表明,6个品种的10项品质指标均存在不同程度的差异,变异幅度为12.22%~ 131.21%。维生素C (Vc)、总黄酮、总多酚、Fe、Ca、P、蛋白质含量间存在显著或极显著的关联性。系统聚类分析将6种花椰菜分为4类,黄色花椰菜‘209’、‘100’和‘217’各为1类,白色花椰菜‘210’、‘214’和‘218’聚为1类。主成分分析提取了花椰菜品质综合评价的3个主成分,获得6个营养评价指标：Vc、总黄酮、总多酚、Fe、Ca和P。通过建立评价函数模型: F= 0.5591Z₁+0.2189Z₂+0.1669Z₃,筛选出‘209’花椰菜的营养品质最高。这为挖掘及选育优良花椰菜品种提供了科学依据。     

Occurrence of genetic segregation in a putative haploid strain of Endomyces fibuliger met by spontaneous sectoring of protoplast fusants

Detailed genetic analysis of Endomyces fibuliger, an amylolytic yeast which is homothallic and exists predominantly in the diploid state, has not been performed. From a naturally occurring strain, E. fibuliger 8014 met, a morphological mutant, 193 met, was obtained by u.v. mutagenesis. To obtain a haploid strain suitable for genetic analysis, an intergeneric hybrid between E. fibuliger 193 met and a strain of a closely related dimorphic heterothallic lipolytic yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, A his1, was produced by mass mating. The intergeneric hybrid was highly unstable in vegetative culture on yeast extract/phosphate/soluble starch/agar media and produced numerous mitotic sectors. Most of the sectors were mitotically unstable. However, one mitotically stable sector, N14i60 met, was obtained which also differed from the strain 193 as gauged by the appearance of DNA bands on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The putative haploid strain, N14i60 met, had six bands whilst the mutant 193 met had seven. Ultra-violet treatment of cells of N14i60 met produced 19 auxotrophic mutants. Protoplast fusion between pairs of different mutants showed complementation and the fusants were unstable mitotically and gave unstable aneuploid and stable haploid sectors of parental and non-parental combinations of markers. It is postulated that complementary diploid fusants, which were obtained by protoplast fusion, produced sectors by mitotic non-disjunction. Such a mechanism provides a means to establish a genetic analysis system for E. fibuliger via the parasexual cycle.B.H. Nga, L.L. Chiu, S.I. Koh and C.W. Yip are with the Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511. S. Harashima and Y. Oshima are with the Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-kami, Suita shi, Osaka 565, Japan.     

油木奈果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的分离与表达分析

该试验从(木奈)褐变果实均一化全长cDNA文库中获得一个苯丙氨酸解氨酶全长基因,命名为PsPAL,并对该基因进行了生物信息学分析和表达模式的研究.结果表明:(1) PsPAL基因全长2 497 bp,开放阅读框为2 154bp,编码718个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为78 kD,理论等电点为6.6.(2)系统进化树比对分析表明,PsPAL蛋白与蔷薇科甜樱桃PaPAL属于同簇,具有苯丙氨酸解氨酶-组氨酸解氨酶(PAL-HAL)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)保守区域.(3) P.sPAL在(木奈)果实发育的前期表达量较高,在花后50 d表达量最高,随后开始下降,在成熟果中表达较弱.(4)荧光定量PCR分析表明,在响应机械损伤和低温处理后,与对照相比,PsPAL呈明显的上调表达趋势;高温和无氧处理后PsPAL呈先上升后下降的趋势;乙烯处理后,PsPAL呈上调-下调-上调的变化趋势.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus vadensis</Emphasis>, a new species of the group of black Aspergilli

A strain from the group of black Aspergilli was analysed in detail to determine the species to which it belongs. A detailed analysis of morphology, RFLP patterns and metabolite profiles was carried out. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for the black Aspergilli using the ITS and the -tubulin sequences of the individual strains. The new species differs by its poor growth on glycerol and galacturonate and its unique extrolite profile consisting of aurasperone B, nigragillin, asperazine and kotanins. RFLP analysis using three genes as probes also resulted in a unique pattern. These data indicate that the strain was closely related but not identical to Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis. It was therefore designated as a novel species and named Aspergillus vadensis.