小麦叶绿体中细胞分裂素结合蛋白的功能

采用ＢＡ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ６Ｂ亲和层析法从小麦叶绿体中纯化了ＣＴＫ结合蛋白并制备了抗体。小麦叶绿体经ＣＴＫ结合蛋白的抗体处理后,表现出：希尔反应活力降低;ＭＶ（包括光系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ）和ＰＭＳ（包括光系统Ⅰ）系统的毫秒延迟发光的慢相强度下降,光合磷酸化活力受到抑制,说明小麦叶绿体中的ＣＴＫ结合蛋白存在状态的状态的改变会影响叶绿体的能量转换过程。     

小麦叶片中叶绿体细胞分裂素结合蛋白的定位

小麦叶片中叶绿体细胞分裂素结合蛋白的定位张华敏,刘愚,王美琪,沈允钢（中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海２０００３２）关键词：小麦叶片细胞,ＣＴＫ结合蛋白,放射自显影,胶体金自从Ｂｅｒｒｉｄｇｅ等（１９７０）首次在高等植物的核糖体上发现了细胞分裂素（...     

小麦叶绿体中细胞分裂素结合蛋白的特性

小麦叶绿体中的ＣＴＫ结合蛋白属热敏感蛋白,它与６－ＢＡ结合的最适温度约为２５℃;最适ｐＨ为８左右;在其蛋白分子上存在两类ＣＴＫ结合位点,高亲和力位点与６－ＢＡ结合的Ｋα值为１．１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,低亲和力位点的Ｋα值为９×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;激动素、玉米素对６－ＢＡ的结合只有部分抑制作用,而ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ及腺嘌呤则无竞争作用。ＣＴＫ结合蛋白分子中的中性氨基酸含量很高,在中性介质中带弱负电。     

转基因烟草表达霍乱毒素B亚单位的研究

将霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＣＴＢ）基因克隆到质粒ｐＢｉｎ４３８中,分别构建植物表达载体ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢ、ｐＢＩ－ＳＰＣＴＢ和ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢＥＲ。采用叶盘法分别转化烟草Ｋ３２６,各表达载体得到了一批较基因植株。转基因烟草的ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明ＣＴＢ基因整合到了烟草基因组中。转基因植株的ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明ｐＢＩ－ＳＰＣＴＢ和ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢＥＲ的转基因植株能有效表     

风干叶片及其叶绿体的光合活性

以荧光诱导动力学、低温荧光发射光谱及希尔反应活性测定为手段,研究了小麦、大豆等高等植物风干叶片（相对含水量（１．５±０．２）％）及其叶绿体的光合活性。暗中风干并保存的叶片照光时仍能进行电荷分离、ＱＡ还原及至少包含ＱＡ－→ＱＢ在内的次级电子传递,其复水后的叶绿体具有光推动的光系统Ｉ电子传递活性（ＤＣＩＰＨ２→ＭＶ）和包含光解水放氧能力在内的光系统ＩＩ电子传递活性（Ｈ２Ｏ→ＤＭＢＱ）,但没有全光合链（Ｈ２Ｏ→ＭＶ）的电子传递活性。光系统ＩＩ核心天线的７７Ｋ荧光峰位（６８６ｎｍ和６９４ｎｍ）不受脱水的影响,而光系统Ｉ外周天线ＬＨＣＩ的７７Ｋ荧光峰位对脱水十分敏感,叶片风干过程中从７３９ｎｍ移到７２６ｎｍ。这些结果表明,光合作用器中越靠近反应中心核心的组分的组织结构越紧密有序,其结构和功能越少受快速水胁迫的影响;在整个光合电子链中,受快速水胁迫影响最大的部位在两个光系统之间,这个部位的电子传递被风干处理不可逆地阻断。     

恶性疟原虫多抗原表位基因的融合与表达

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）基因为载体,构建了含不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ／ＡＴＥ和ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ。前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位;后者在此基础上将我国发现的Ｂ细胞表位ＮＫＮＤＤ基因经８次串联后融合其中。两种形式的融合基因经测序正确后转入大肠杆菌ＴＫ１０４６中,产量分别为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ及５ｍｇ／Ｌ。表达产物ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ经亲和层析纯化双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定表明,该融合蛋白在保留了与抗ＣＴＢ抗体结合的同时,与抗ＮＫＮＤＤ单抗的结合效价达１：８０００。     

小麦D^2型光敏性细胞质雄性不育系在不同光照条件下可溶性蛋白的比较分析

小麦Ｄ＾２＋型细胞质与特定的核结合,对长光照（≥１５小时）反应敏感,表现为雄蕊雌化,花粉败育。本实验通过扫描电镜观察了雌蕊横切面,发现有类似于胚珠的结构,但没有胚珠组织,也没有花药壁和花粉粒的结构。同时应用单向ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ技术,对（Ｃ）－Ｎ２６（Ｄ＾２型细胞质）小麦和Ｎ２６（Ｂ型细胞质,核基因组相同）小麦的细胞质可溶性蛋白、叶绿体可溶性蛋白、线粒体可溶性蛋白多钛进行了比较分析,结果表明：在短光     

人类嗜T细胞白血病Ⅰ型病毒TAX蛋白对NF—kB转录因子的作用

人类嗜Ｔ细胞白血病Ⅰ型病毒（ＨＴＬＶ－Ⅰ）是成人Ｔ细胞白血病（ＡＴＬ）的致病因子,其编码的ＴＡＸ蛋白的反式激活在白血病形成中有重要作用。ＮＦ－ｋＢ是细胞活化和产生细胞因子的重要转录调控因子。正常情况下,ＮＦ－ｋＢ因子与抑制性蛋白ＩＫＢ结合,形成复合物存在于胞质中。ＴＡＸ蛋白可与ＩＫＢ激酶γ（ＩＫＫγ）直接结合,而后启动ＴＡＸ对ＩＫＫα和ＩＫＫβ的结合,并使之发生磷酸化。后者使ＩＫＢ蛋白降解,ＮＦ－     

细胞分裂素结合蛋白的研究进展

迄今为止,已从多种植物中分离到细胞分裂素结合蛋白（ＣＢＰｓ）,它们可能在细胞分裂素的信号转导、体内运输及代谢中起作用。根据现有研究结果认为,大多数ＣＴＫｓ受体可能位于膜上,通过与Ｇ－蛋白耦联的信号转导系统或双组分信号转导系统完成ＣＴＫｓ信号的跨膜转导。少数ＣＴＫｓ受体可能位于细胞质中,与胞内ＣＴＫｓ结合后进入细胞核,直接调节基因的表达。本文综述了近年来对ＣＢＰｓ的研究进展,分析了ＣＴＫｓ受体的可能     

霍乱毒素B亚基融合蛋白表达系统的构建

霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）是良好的免疫佐剂和载体蛋白。本研究通过定点突变,在ＣＴＢ基因（ｃｔｘＢ）３′端终止密码前引入了限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ,构建了质粒ｐＭＣ０５。ｐＭＣ０５中ＣＴＢ与下游ｌａｃＺ′基因阅读框架相同,转化大肠杆菌后能够表达ＣＴＢ与β－半乳糖苷酶α肽的融合蛋白;所表达的融合蛋白能与ＧＭ１结合,说明融合蛋白保持ＣＴＢ的基本高级结构和生物学活性;融合蛋白能与抗－ＣＴＢ抗体结合,说明融合蛋白具有ＣＴＢ的抗原性。以上结果表明：通过将外源抗原决定簇基因融合至ｃｔｘＢ的３′端,在大肠杆菌中表达融合蛋白,构建基因工程肽苗是可行的。还探索了转录终止序列对融合基因蛋白表达水平的影响,构建了高效表达融合蛋白的载体－宿主系统。     

Properties of purified colchicine-binding protein from a cultured carrot cell extract

Colchicine-binding protein (CBP) was purified from a cultured carrot cell extract by DEAE-Sephacel, phosphocellulose and Sephadex G200 column chromatographies. The purified CBP separated into three bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of them reacted with a monoclonal antibody against chick brain alpha-tubulin and the other two with that against beta-tubulin. Colchicine-binding activity of the purified protein was enhanced by tartrate and inhibited little by an excess of podophyllotoxin. It decayed following first order kinetics, but was more stable than the CBP in the crude extract. The binding constant of the purified CBP for colchicine was 0.57 microM-1 and the number of binding sites of colchicine per mg protein was about 2 nmol. This binding constant is about ten times lower than that of porcine brain tubulin under identical conditions.     

Purification and characterization of mRNA cap-binding protein from Drosophila melanogaster embryos.

A protein with specific affinity for the mRNA cap structure was purified both from the postribosomal supernatant and from the ribosomal high-salt wash of Drosophila melanogaster embryos by m7GTP-Sepharose chromatography. This protein had an apparent molecular mass of 35 kilodaltons (kDa) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a size very different from those of the cap-binding proteins that have been characterized thus far. Drosophila 35-kDa cap-binding protein (CBP) could also be isolated from the ribosomal high-salt wash as part of a salt-stable protein complex consisting of polypeptides of 35, 72, and 140 to 180 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies against Drosophila 35-kDa CBP neither reacted with eucaryotic initiation factor 4E from rabbit reticulocytes nor affected mRNA translation in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. However, in a cell-free system from Drosophila embryos, mRNA translation was specifically inhibited by these antibodies. The requirement of 35-kDa CBP for mRNA translation in Drosophila was diminished under ionic conditions in which the importance of mRNA cap structure recognition was reduced. Despite the structural differences between Drosophila 35-kDa CBP and mammalian initiation factor 4E, both proteins were functionally interchangeable in the in vitro translation system from Drosophila embryos.     

Identification and characterization of a tumor cell receptor for CSVTCG, a thrombospondin adhesive domain

We have previously shown that peptides derived from the thrombospondin sequence, CSVTCG, promoted tumor cell adhesion. To further investigate this observation, the CSVTCG-tumor cell adhesion receptor from A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was isolated and characterized. A single protein peak was isolated by CSVTCG affinity chromatography which also analyzed as a single peak by anion exchange chromatography. The purified protein had a pI of 4.7 and analyzed on SDS-gels as a single band of M(r) = 50,000 under nonreducing conditions and as two protein bands of M(r) = 50,000, and 60,000 under reducing conditions. Purified CSVTCG binding protein (CBP) bound either CSVTCG- or TSP- Sepharose but showed little interaction with either VCTGSC- or BSA- Sepharose. CBP was cell surface exposed. CSVTCG derivatized with [125I] Bolton-Hunter reagent was taken up by cells in a dose-dependent manner and the cell association was inhibited with a monospecific polyclonal anti-CBP antibody. Examination of the cell proteins crosslinked to labeled CSVTCG by SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed one band that comigrated with purified CPB. Using an in vitro binding assay, purified CBP bound mannose, galactose, and glucosamine-specific lectins. CBP bound TSP saturably and reversibly. The binding was Ca+2/Mg+2 ion dependent and inhibited with fluid phase TSP and anti-CBP. Little or no binding was observed on BSA, fibronectin, GRGES, and GRGDS. Heparin, but not lactose, inhibited binding. Anti-CBP IgG and anti-CSVTCG peptide IgG inhibited A549 cell spreading and adhesion on TSP but not on fibronectin and laminin. These results indicate that CBP and the CSVTCG peptide domain of TSP can mediate TSP-promoted tumor cell adhesion.     

A histidine binding protein ofEscherichia coli: a component of cystine binding protein ofEscherichia coli

Summary Commercially obtained cystine binding protein (CBP), an osmotic shock protein ofEscherichia coli, was studied in an effort to determine its binding characteristics. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) analysis of commercially obtained CBP showed three protein bands. N-terminal amino acid microsequencing and subsequent computer search revealed that the sequence of one of these proteins (25-kDa) was nearly identical to histidine binding protein (HisJ) ofSalmonella typhimurium. Purification of CBP by HPLC yielded four protein peaks, of which one bound histidine exclusively. Binding was maximal at pH 5.0 to 6.0, at 4°C, did not require calcium or magnesium ions and was not inhibited by reduction of CBP disulfide bonds. Amino acids other than histidine or cystine did not bind to CBP. These data show that commercially available CBP is not a homogenous protein; it contains a histidine as well as a cystine binding component.     

Thioridazine combined with carboplatin results in synergistic inhibition of triple negative breast cancer by targeting cancer stem cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thioridazine (THZ) is a usual phenothiazine antipsychotic drug that can destroy CSCs. We aimed to explore whether THZ could sensitize metastatic TNBC cells, especially the CSCs, to carboplatin (CBP) treatment. Metastatic TNBC cells, 4T1 cells, and tumor-bearing mice were treated with THZ and CBP as monotherapy or combination therapy. MTT, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were applied to assess the cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial morphology and the relevant protein levels, respectively. Tumor size and lung metastasis under different treatments as well as tumorigenesis of residual tumor cells from each group were monitored. THZ combined with CBP inhibited 4T1 tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and activating estrogen receptor stress. THZ also showed strong activity against breast CSCs, THZ combined with CBP significantly destroyed cancer cells, inhibited lung metastasis and relieved the tumor burden; Our data demonstrated that THZ can sensitize TNBC cells to CBP treatment and this combination therapy may provide a bright strategy for TNBC treatment by targeting both cancer cells and CSCs.