红剑鱼、孔雀鱼、食蚊鱼亚慢性毒性试验

目的研究一种快速评价有毒化学品对红剑鱼、孔雀鱼、食蚊鱼慢性毒性的试验方法。方法选择<3d龄的红剑鱼、孔雀鱼、食蚊鱼幼鱼开始暴露,试验药物为国际标准参比毒物Cr6 、Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 ,试验温度为25±1℃,每天更换试验液1次,试验持续5d。依据试验鱼的每尾干重和现存量作为观察指标,测定了铬、锌、铜、镉对红剑鱼、孔雀鱼和食蚊鱼的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)和最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)。结果铬、锌、铜、镉对红剑鱼和食蚊鱼的NOEC分别是2500、100、10、10μg/L,LOEC分别是5000、200、20、20μg/L。铬、锌、铜、镉对孔雀鱼的NOEC分别是2500、100、10、20μg/L,LOEC分别是5000、200、20、40μg/L;这与7天亚慢性试验结果相接近。结论红剑鱼、孔雀鱼、食蚊鱼,亚慢性毒性试验可从7d缩短为5d。     

SCGE法检测敌敌畏对大鳞副泥鳅DNA损伤的研究

目的 采用SCGE技术检测敌敌畏对大鳞副泥鳅DNA的损伤效应.方法 设置敌敌畏0.64 μg/L、1.28μg./L、1.92μg/L、2.56μg/L、3.20μg/L 5个浓度组和一个空白对照组(15尾大鳞副泥鳅/组),通过单细胞凝胶电泳技术(scGE)研究各浓度敌敌畏处理组在分别处理l d、2 d、3 d后对大鳞...     

稀有■鲫亚慢性毒性试验

研究了一种快速评价有毒化学品对稀有鲫慢性毒性的试验方法。选择＜3d龄的稀有峋鲫幼鱼开始暴露,试验药物为国际标准参比毒物CU( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP;试验温度为25±1℃,每天更换试验液一次,试验持续5d。以现存量为测试指标,Cu( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度[NOEC]为20,2500,100,40ug／L;最低可观察效应浓度[LOEC]为40,5000,200,80ug／L,与7d亚慢性毒性试验结果相接近。试验结果表明,稀有鲫亚慢性毒性试验可从7d缩短为5d。     

双酚AF胁迫对斑马鱼早期发育相关基因的影响

[目的]探讨双酚AF胁迫对斑马鱼早期发育的影响。[方法]采用半静态染毒的方式暴露受精卵7d(0、5、50和500μg/L),通过显微观察与实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测孵化率及相关基因表达量变化。[结果]50、500μg/L BPAF暴露影响斑马鱼胚胎72 h孵化率,分别下降44.97%、49.44%;下丘脑trh基因在各暴露组无明显变化,而下丘脑crh基因在胚胎(幼鱼)期各暴露组分别上调了44.14%(40.45%)、38.55%(95.17%)、70.65%(83.25%);胚胎期垂体tsh-β基因表达水平在50、500μg/L浓度组显著上调,而幼鱼期tsh-β基因表达水平仅在50μg/L暴露组显著上调。[结论]双酚AF胁迫能够降低斑马鱼胚胎72 h孵化率,crh基因对BPAF胁迫较敏感,最低有影响浓度LOEC为5μg/L。     

双酚AF胁迫对斑马鱼早期发育相关基因的影响北大核心

[目的]探讨双酚AF胁迫对斑马鱼早期发育的影响。[方法]采用半静态染毒的方式暴露受精卵7d(0、5、50和500μg/L),通过显微观察与实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测孵化率及相关基因表达量变化。[结果]50、500μg/L BPAF暴露影响斑马鱼胚胎72 h孵化率,分别下降44.97%、49.44%;下丘脑trh基因在各暴露组无明显变化,而下丘脑crh基因在胚胎(幼鱼)期各暴露组分别上调了44.14%(40.45%)、38.55%(95.17%)、70.65%(83.25%);胚胎期垂体tsh-β基因表达水平在50、500μg/L浓度组显著上调,而幼鱼期tsh-β基因表达水平仅在50μg/L暴露组显著上调。[结论]双酚AF胁迫能够降低斑马鱼胚胎72 h孵化率,crh基因对BPAF胁迫较敏感,最低有影响浓度LOEC为5μg/L。     

海洋酸化条件下铜、镉对日本虎斑猛水蚤的急性毒性效应

以日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为试验生物,采用高纯度CO2和空气的混合气体调配试验所需酸化海水(pH值7.70、7.30、6.50),研究不同海水酸化条件下铜、镉对海洋生物的急性毒性效应。结果表明:单一CO2酸化海水对日本虎斑猛水蚤存活的影响不显著;海水酸化对铜和镉急性毒性的影响效应有差异。铜在低pH值(6.5)时对日本虎斑猛水蚤的毒性最强,96h LC50浓度为0.64 mg/L,明显低于pH值为8.0、7.7、7.3对日本虎斑猛水蚤的96h LC50浓度,其分别为1.98,1.19,1.05 mg/L,随pH值下降,96h LC50下降了近3倍。海水酸化使镉的96h LC50略呈下降趋势,但对其急性毒性影响效应并不显著;pH值为7.7和7.3时,铜的安全浓度分别为11.9、10.5μg/L,接近于中国海水二类水质标准。本研究表明随着海洋酸化的进程我国近海水域将面临铜污染加剧的威胁。     

厚颌鲂和圆口铜鱼耗氧率与窒息点的测定

用封闭静水式装置测定了体重2.3-4.7g厚颌鲂幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,用封闭静水式和封闭流水式装置测定了体重9.9-55.1g圆口铜鱼的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明:在15-27℃条件下,厚颌鲂的耗氧率随着温度的升高而升高,耗氧率与水温呈线性关系;在水温24.8℃时厚颌鲂的窒息点为(0.91±0.08)mg/L。在水温23-27℃、封闭静水实验条件下,圆口铜鱼的耗氧率随体重增加而降低,两者呈指数关系;圆口铜鱼耗氧率昼夜变化明显,夜间耗氧率大于白天,推测圆口铜鱼夜间活动较多。在水温24.5-26.0℃条件下,体重21.8-46.3g圆口铜鱼的窒息点变幅较小,平均(1.14±0.23)mg/L。研究表明两种鱼都为耗氧率和窒息点较高的鱼类。       

多环芳烃在不同环境介质中对翅碱蓬发芽率影响研究

为了解多环芳烃类污染物在水和土壤不同环境介质中对翅碱蓬种子发芽率的影响,分别采用水培和土培试验方法,研究了不同浓度(0、1、50、100、500和1000μg/L)蒽和3-甲基菲两种多环芳烃胁迫下翅碱蓬种子的发芽率。试验结果表明:两种培养方式下,蒽(c≥100μg/L)和3-甲基菲(c≥50μg/L)在高浓度时对翅碱蓬种子萌发产生显著的抑制作用(p0.05),且抑制作用具有典型的剂量-效应关系。蒽浓度为1000μg/L胁迫7d后两种培养方式对翅碱蓬发芽率的影响为水培条件土培条件,3-甲基菲浓度为1000μg/L胁迫7d后两种培养方式对翅碱蓬发芽率的影响为土培条件水培条件。研究表明,较高浓度的多环芳烃对翅碱蓬生长具有一定的抑制作用,不同种多环芳烃类污染物在不同环境介质中对翅碱蓬种子萌发的抑制作用不同。     

HgCl2对泥鳅精子运动的影响

为了检测不同浓度的HgCl2对泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus精子运动的影响,以泥鳅精子为实验材料,用含终浓度分别为0(对照)、1、5、10、15和20 μmoL/L的HgCl2待测液分别孵育0、2、4和6 h后激活,激活后立即在显微镜(Olympus IX81)下观察精子运动参数.为进一步探讨HgCl2对泥鳅精子运动影响的机制,用终浓度为20μmol/L的HgCl2保存液孵育泥鳅精子10 min,以含终浓度分别为0、0.1、1、10 mmol/L的2-巯基乙醇和20μmol/LHgCl2混合液为激活液激活.激活后立即在显微镜下观察精子运动,发现2-巯基乙醇町逆转HgCl2对泥鳅精子的抑制作用,为探讨HgCl2对泥鳅精子运动影响的可能机制提供参考.     

五氯酚对大型溞的急性亚慢性和慢性毒性

本文采用换水式试验研究了五氨酚溞（ＰＣＰ）对大型（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）的急性、亚慢性和慢性毒性,稀释水硬度为８０─１００ｍｇ／Ｌ（以ＣａＣＯ３计）。急性和慢性试验均使用小于一日龄的幼溞,试验温度为２５─２６℃,慢性试验进行了２０ｄ。用小于一日龄幼溞进行的亚慢性试验暴露了１９ｄ,而用四日龄幼溞的亚慢性试验则进行了１６ｄ,水温均保持在１９─２０℃。ＰＣＰ对大型溞的２４ｈ和４８ｈＥＣ５０分别是４８９和２４５μｇ／Ｌ。依据第１胎所产幼溞数求得的最低可观察效应浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）和无可观察效应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）,在慢性试验中分别是１６０和８０μｇ／Ｌ,在１９ｄ亚慢性试验中分别为２００和１００μｇ／Ｌ,二者相近。试验结果表明,第１胎所产幼溞数是敏感的指标。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).