分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon 骨折的疗效比较

目的:对比分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2015年8月我院骨科收治的Pilon骨折患者122例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组61例。对照组患者行解剖型钢板内固定术治疗,而研究组患者行分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗。统计分析两组患者的手术指标,并通过放射学及踝关节功能共同评价手术效果,术后进行半年的随访,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者放射学及踝关节功能的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.01);研究组患者并发症发生率为4.92%(3/61)明显低于对照组的14.75%(9/61)(2=5.194,P=0.031)。结论:相比解剖型钢板内固定术,分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗Pilon骨折临床效果更显著,并并发症的发生率低,可以作为治疗Pilon骨折的首选方法之一,值得在临床上推广使用。     

解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2009年1月~2012年12月采用解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗30例Pilon骨折患者为研究对象,所有患者在无明显手术禁忌情况下,均行开放复位钢板内固定术。术后采用Mazur评分系统评价手术效果。结果:本组全部患者均获得随访,骨折平均愈合时间为4.1个月;参照Mazur踝关节功能评分系统:优14例,良13例,可2例,差1例,优良率90%。仅1例开放性Pilon骨折患者发生皮肤感染坏死,局部缺损,经清创、VSD覆盖负压吸引,待新鲜肉芽组织形成后,行带蒂皮瓣移植术,愈合良好。结论:解剖型锁定钢板的解剖形态好,成角稳定,用于治疗Pilon骨折能够恢复关节面的完整性、稳定性,减少并发症的发生,临床效果好,安全性高。     

胫骨远端锁定加压钢板与解剖型钢板内固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效比较

目的:研究胫骨远端锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效,为其治疗提供临床依据。方法:选择2010年1月~2014年12月本院收治的Pilon骨折患者共90例,按照随机数字表法随机分为LCP组(采用胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗)和对照组(采用解剖型钢板内固定治疗),比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间和术后疗效。结果:LCP组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后愈合时间均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LCP组患者术后疗效总优良率为89.6%高于对照组的76.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗Pilon骨折,具有创伤小、手术时间和术后愈合时间短、术中出血量少、术后疗效总优良率高的优点,是治疗Pilon骨折的有效方法     

手术治疗Pilon骨折体会（附38例报告）

目的评价手术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法1998年6月-2006年6月应用AO技术对38例Pilon骨折行切开复位．支撑钢板及螺钉内固定治疗。术后随访1～3年,按Mazur标准进行功能评价。结果38例患者总优良率9z％,其中C1型18例,C2型15例,C3型5例。3例发生切口感染,4例出现创伤性踝关节炎。结论临床治疗效果与骨折类型及治疗方法有关,运用AO技术治疗Pilon骨折可以取得满意的疗效。     

不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的Pilon骨折患者156例为研究对象,根据手术方法不同,将患者分成研究组和对照组,每组78例。研究组给予分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗,对照组给予有限内固定结合外固定的手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的踝关节功能、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间以及术后不良反应的发生情况等。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后踝关节功能均获得改善,且研究组踝关节功能优秀率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗pilon骨折的临床效果显著,是临床治疗pilon骨折的理想方案。但在临床实践中,应根据患者病情选择合适的治疗方案。     

Pilon 骨折的分型与治疗进展

本文回顾了Pilon骨折的诊断、分型及治疗发展,Pilon骨折特点是高能量损伤累及踝关节负重关节面的胫骨远端骨折,常伴有腓骨骨折和下胫腓关节分离。20世纪中期Pilon骨折被认为无法通过内固定进行治疗,公认的方法是通过骨牵引使关节早期模造获得关节功能的恢复。20世纪后期随着AO理论的深入研究,学术界广泛认同所有关节内骨折的理想治疗方法是解剖复位、坚强固定和早期活动。此后,随着内固定技术的发展及骨科BO理论的出现,目前普遍认为Pilon骨折的治疗应遵循的原则是:1.寻求骨折稳固和软组织完整之间的一种平衡;2.不以牺牲局部软组织血供来强求达到坚强固定。     

微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

119例髁突骨折远期疗效的调查研究

目的：髁突骨折是临床常见病和多发病,其治疗方法目前尚存在着一定争议。本研究拟总结髁突骨折治疗方法选择的原则和适应征,旨在为髁突骨折的治疗提供更多的参考依据。方法：对四川大学华西口腔医院收治的119例治疗后6个月以上的髁突骨折患者进行远期疗效调查,以电话随访的方式作问卷调查,询问患者的张口度、语言、吞咽功能、咬合、面部容貌、并发症、对疗效的满意程度等,按照治疗方法对患者进行分类,根据患者的情况评价该组病例的治疗效果及满意度,并评价髁突骨折治疗方法的选择是否合理。结果：参与随访的119例患者中,107例对疗效满意,满意率为89．92％,50例出现明显并发症,并发症发生率为42．02％。按照治疗方法将患者分为保守治疗、内固定、髁突摘除等6类,每种治疗方法的满意率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,而并发症的发生率比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：在正确选择治疗方法的前提下,保守治疗和手术治疗髁突骨折均可取得较令人满意的疗效,但应尽量避免采用髁突摘除术。     

跟骨骨折手术治疗并发症原因分析及预防

目的:探讨手术内固定治疗跟骨骨折发生并发症的原因及预防.方法:2007年5月～2010年9月应用切开复位跟骨钛板和闭合橇拔复位斯氏针内固定术治疗的64例跟骨骨折患者中,对出现并发症的患者进行回顾性分析,探讨其发生并发症的可能原因.结果:其中2例切口感染浅表坏死,1例腓肠神经损伤,腓骨长短肌腱断裂1例,腓骨肌腱炎4例,创伤性关节炎5例,复位丢失3例.结论:应根据骨折类型选择恰当的治疗方案,正确把握手术时机、规范操作,可有效减少并发症,获得满意的疗效.     

锁定加压钢板接骨术治疗胫骨Pilon 骨折

目的:评估锁定加压钢板接骨术治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的应用价值。方法:2006年4月-2010年12月,对48例胫骨Pilon骨折患者,采用锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗的结果进行总结。手术前后运用AOFAS(美国足与踝关节协会)踝与后足功能评分(Ankl-e-Hindfoot Scale)系统进行治疗效果的评估。结果:本组按AOFAS踝与后足功能评分系统:术前平均为(67.6±7.4)分,可18例,差30例;术后评分改善到平均为(90.9±7.2)分,优19例,良21例,可5例,差3例,踝与后足功能评分术前与术后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:用锁定加压钢板接骨术治疗胫骨Pilon骨折,有利于踝关节功能恢复,疗效确切,适应症广泛,较其他内固定器而言,锁定加压钢板在临床上更适用。     

骨折合并多发伤的诊治体会

目的:探讨基层医院骨折合并多发伤的诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析2003年06月-2007年10月本院救治的112例骨折合并多发伤病例,根据不同伤情采取了不同的救治措施。结果:112例经住院治疗的患者中,15例死亡,死亡率为13.4%。手术治疗92例多发骨折脱位208处,骨折达到解剖复位或近解剖复位者189处,占90.9%;达到功能复位者8例,占9.1%。骨延迟愈合4例。钢板断裂2例,髓内钉断裂2例。结论:尽早接诊病人、全面综合分析病情是抢救多发伤骨折病人的首要环节;及时诊断、早期救治是防止并发症、提高抢救成活率、降低病残率的关键。     

The relation between forearm and vertebral mineral density and fractures in postmenopausal women

Vertebral and forearm mineral density (VMD and FMD, respectively) were determined in 124 postmenopausal women with no crushed vertebrae or peripheral fractures, 51 who had sustained peripheral fractures only since the menopause, 62 with vertebral compression(s) only and 75 with both types of fracture.There was a very significant correlation between the two measurements in the whole set. The scatter could not be accounted for by methodological error but was partly accounted for by body weight, since VMD was related to body weight and FMD was not. Whatever criterion was used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis (whether fracture or density) the percentage of misclassified cases was very similar by the two methods. However, VMD was relatively more reduced than FMD in vertebral fracture cases and FMD was marginally more reduced than VMD in peripheral fracture cases.There is little to choose between vertebral and forearm density in the diagnosis of osteoporosis but vertebral densitometry is slightly superior to forearm densitometry in describing the severity of osteoporosis in vertebral fracture patients.     

104 例重症急性胰腺炎的手术治疗与非手术治疗对比分析

目的:探讨重症急性胰腺炎的有效治疗方法以及施行外科手术治疗的时机与指征.方法:回顾性分析104例重症胰腺炎患者的临床治疗资料,其中63例患者行非手术治疗,41例患者行手术治疗,观察比较患者治愈率、死亡率、并发症发生率、住院时间以及治疗前后血尿淀粉酶的变化.结果:①非手术组与手术组间治愈率、死亡率和平均住院时间无明显差异(P＞0.05),但手术组并发症发生率显著高于非手术组(P＜0.05).②早期手术组与延期手术组间治愈率比较无明显差异(P＞0.05),但延期手术可有效降低患者死亡率与并发症发生率(P＜0.05).③经过治疗,早期与延期手术组患者血尿淀粉酶水平均明显降低(P＜0.01),且早期手术组下降幅度大于延期手术组(P＜0.05).结论:非手术治疗与手术治疗的综合治疗可有效提高SAP的治疗效果,同时手术治疗中应尽量避免早期手术.     

颌骨骨折合并颅脑损伤100例分析

目的探讨颌骨骨折合并颅脑损伤的诊治程序和要点。方法回顾分析总结100例颌骨骨折合并颅脑损伤诊疗经验与教训。结果8例颌骨骨折合并急重型颅脑损伤抢救无效死亡。10例休克发生和加重,56例骨折愈合和治愈,14例面部有畸形,22例咬颌紊乱。结论颌骨骨折合并颅脑损伤的病例,首先保证争取处理危急病人生命的症状,待生命体征平稳后,尽量争取时间尽早治疗颌骨骨折及行清创术,才能减少死亡和口腔面部组织器官的损伤及畸形的发生。     

Management of frontal sinus fractures

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the radiographic and clinical diagnosis of frontal sinus fractures. 2. Identify various management approaches to the frontal sinus fracture and the indications for each. 3. Understand the rationale behind the decision of sinus obliteration when needed. 4. Recognize the most common complications arising from frontal sinus fracture treatment and the methods of avoiding or managing these complications. SUMMARY: Frontal sinus fracture management is still controversial and involves preserving function when feasible or obliterating the sinus and duct, depending on the fracture pattern. There is no single algorithm for the choice of management, but appropriate treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis using physical examination, computed tomography data, and the findings of intraoperative exploration. The amount and location of fixation and the need for frontonasal duct and sinus obliteration or elimination of the entire sinus depend on the anatomy of the fracture in general and the extent of involvement of the anterior wall of the sinus, the frontonasal duct, and the posterior wall in particular. This article discusses an algorithm for frontal sinus fractures that was obtained from the literature and modified according to the authors' experience. The decision-making process presented by the authors has withstood the test of time over a period of more than 20 years in their practice and has been proven to be safe and efficacious in treating frontal sinus fractures of all types.     

Ununited lower limb fractures.

Nonunion is a fairly common complication of fracture management, with an overall rate of about 3% for the skeleton as a whole and 9% for the tibia. High-energy injury fractures have a nonunion rate as high as 75%. Other factors that may lead to nonunion are inappropriate treatment, infection, and preexisting disease. The diagnosis of nonunion is based largely on clinical examination. Plain radiographs and tomograms, computed tomograms, and contrast imaging may be used to confirm nonhealing. Radionuclide imaging can help determine the presence of infection, an impaired blood supply, or impaired osteogenic activity at the fracture site. The treatment of ununited fractures is based on the principles of good fracture management: adequate immobilization, asepsis and soft tissue cover, osteoconduction (bone contact), osteoinduction (stimulation of bone growth), and metabolic well-being. New modalities for osteoinduction are promising adjuncts to standard treatment, the autogenous bone graft, but conclusive proof of efficacy in humans does not yet exist.     

Impedence osteography: clinical applications of a new method of imaging fractures

Fracture healing usually proceeds without difficulty. However, the diagnosis of delayed or non-union is not simple and can present difficulties in management. Normal fracture healing is briefly reviewed along with some methods of assessing the progress of union. The results of using the technique of impedence osteography in a preliminary study of fracture healing are presented. These indicate that the technique can clearly show a fracture and differentiate between normal bone, a united fracture and a non-union.     

SPONTANEOUS SPLENIC RUPTURE IN MONONUCLEOSIS

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease entity with many and various manifestations. Suspicion of the disease is of the utmost importance. When indicated, adequate tests often repeated must be made to prove or disprove a suspicion of infectious mononucleosis. The disease is usually a benign condition; one of the more serious complications is “spontaneous” splenic rupture. Whether rupture is indeed spontaneous or is caused by relatively light trauma to a weakened organ is debatable. Splenectomy is the treatment for this complication; it does not cure the underlying disease. Once the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis has been established, abdominal examinations should be limited and cautious.     

Estimating and modeling the cure fraction in population-based cancer survival analysis

In population-based cancer studies, cure is said to occur when the mortality (hazard) rate in the diseased group of individuals returns to the same level as that expected in the general population. The cure fraction (the proportion of patients cured of disease) is of interest to patients and is a useful measure to monitor trends in survival of curable disease. There are 2 main types of cure fraction model, the mixture cure fraction model and the non-mixture cure fraction model, with most previous work concentrating on the mixture cure fraction model. In this paper, we extend the parametric non-mixture cure fraction model to incorporate background mortality, thus providing estimates of the cure fraction in population-based cancer studies. We compare the estimates of relative survival and the cure fraction between the 2 types of model and also investigate the importance of modeling the ancillary parameters in the selected parametric distribution for both types of model.