胫骨远端锁定加压钢板与解剖型钢板内固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效比较

目的:研究胫骨远端锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效,为其治疗提供临床依据。方法:选择2010年1月~2014年12月本院收治的Pilon骨折患者共90例,按照随机数字表法随机分为LCP组(采用胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗)和对照组(采用解剖型钢板内固定治疗),比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间和术后疗效。结果:LCP组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后愈合时间均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LCP组患者术后疗效总优良率为89.6%高于对照组的76.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗Pilon骨折,具有创伤小、手术时间和术后愈合时间短、术中出血量少、术后疗效总优良率高的优点,是治疗Pilon骨折的有效方法     

可塑性跟骨钛板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨应用跟骨钢板治疗跟骨关节内骨折的疗效。方法对36例42足累及距下关节的跟骨骨折采用切开钢板内固定伴植骨治疗结果进行分析总结。结果术后36例0．5～3年随访,均骨性愈合。采用张铁良跟骨关节内骨折评分标准：优良率91．6％。结论跟骨钛板内固定结合植骨治疗跟骨骨折具有操作简单、有效恢复Bohler角和Gissane角、恢复关节面固定坚强、有利于早期踝关节功能锻炼的优点,是目前治疗跟骨关节内骨折较为理想的方法之一。     

手术治疗Pilon骨折体会（附38例报告）

目的评价手术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法1998年6月-2006年6月应用AO技术对38例Pilon骨折行切开复位．支撑钢板及螺钉内固定治疗。术后随访1～3年,按Mazur标准进行功能评价。结果38例患者总优良率9z％,其中C1型18例,C2型15例,C3型5例。3例发生切口感染,4例出现创伤性踝关节炎。结论临床治疗效果与骨折类型及治疗方法有关,运用AO技术治疗Pilon骨折可以取得满意的疗效。     

Bold螺钉治疗内踝骨折的疗效分析

目的：对比Bold螺钉和普通空心螺钉内固定治疗单纯内踝骨折的疗效。方法：空心螺钉治疗单纯内踝撕脱骨折57例,分为A组Bold螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折25例,B组使用普通空心螺钉内固定32例。结果：两组57例均获得随访,两组病例远期均能得到较坚强的固定和良好的功能恢复,但Bold螺钉组相对普通螺钉组愈合时间更快（P〈0.05）,下床活动时间更早（P〈0.05）,早期踝关节功能评分高（P〈0.05）,但六个月后没有明显差异。结论：Bold螺钉内固定有助于内踝骨折早期愈合和早期功能锻炼,是一种比较好的内固定材料,值得推广。     

Bold 螺钉治疗内踝骨折的疗效分析

目的:对比Bold螺钉和普通空心螺钉内固定治疗单纯内踝骨折的疗效。方法:空心螺钉治疗单纯内踝撕脱骨折57例,分为A组Bold螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折25例,B组使用普通空心螺钉内固定32例。结果:两组57例均获得随访,两组病例远期均能得到较坚强的固定和良好的功能恢复,但Bold螺钉组相对普通螺钉组愈合时间更快(P<0.05),下床活动时间更早(P<0.05),早期踝关节功能评分高(P<0.05),但六个月后没有明显差异。结论:Bold螺钉内固定有助于内踝骨折早期愈合和早期功能锻炼,是一种比较好的内固定材料,值得推广。     

分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon 骨折的疗效比较

目的:对比分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2015年8月我院骨科收治的Pilon骨折患者122例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组61例。对照组患者行解剖型钢板内固定术治疗,而研究组患者行分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗。统计分析两组患者的手术指标,并通过放射学及踝关节功能共同评价手术效果,术后进行半年的随访,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者放射学及踝关节功能的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.01);研究组患者并发症发生率为4.92%(3/61)明显低于对照组的14.75%(9/61)(2=5.194,P=0.031)。结论:相比解剖型钢板内固定术,分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗Pilon骨折临床效果更显著,并并发症的发生率低,可以作为治疗Pilon骨折的首选方法之一,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Pilon 骨折的研究与进展

Pilon骨折的治疗目前仍是骨科富挑战性的难题之一,并发症多,病残率高。近年来Pilon骨折的诊断治疗观念不断更新。本文综述了其分型、手术方法、固定方法及并发症防治等方面的进展,认为术前必须根据骨折类型和软组织损伤的程度及范围选择合理而完善的治疗方案,正确地选择手术时机,才能控制并发症的发生,以获得踝关节功能良好恢复。     

中西医结合内固定治疗股骨远端骨折30例临床研究

目的探讨DCS内固定配合中医药对30例股骨远端骨折的治疗效果。方法按AO分类：A型14例,B型6例,C型10例,经股骨下段前外侧切口入路整复骨折,并用DCS固定骨折配合中药内服外敷,术后早期进行康复训练。结果经1年随访,骨折愈合,平均愈合时间6个月,关节功能优良率85.71%,其中C型骨折1例术后出现膝内翻。结论DCS内固定配合中医药是治疗股骨远端骨折是较理想的方法。可早期进行康复训练。     

内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的:分析内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及其术后并发症的影响因素。方法:将2017年4月至2018年5月因骨质疏松性髋部骨折于我院进行手术治疗的78例患者作为研究对象,参考患者自身意愿按照采取手术方案的不同将所有患者分为内固定组与关节置换组。内固定组主要采用动力髋螺钉内固定治疗;关节置换组采用全髋关节置换术治疗。对比分析两组治疗后并发症的发生情况及关节功能恢复程度。结果:关节置换组手术治疗后关节功能的恢复情况显著优于内固定组(P0.05),术后并发症发生率低于内固定组(P0.05);患者术后并发症发生的主要影响因素包括:术前存在合并症、手术时机≥2h、采用内固定手术。结论:与内固定术相比,关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者的疗效和安全性均更高,但采用该手术治疗时需注意手术操作的规范性及手术时机。     

微型锁定钢板结合带线铆钉治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨小头骨折的评析

目的:评价应用微型锁定钢板结合带线铆钉治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨小头骨折的治疗效果。方法:对16例桡骨小头MasonⅢ型骨折行切开复位微型锁定钢板内固定结合带线铆钉韧带修补并进行早期功能锻炼。结果:术后随访6~24个月,肘关节外观正常,采用Broberg等评估标准,其中优9例,良5例,可1例,差1例,优良率达87.5%。结论:应用微型锁定钢板结合带线铆钉治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨小头骨折,具有复位满意,坚强固定,疗效可靠等优点,对于关节功能的恢复,并发症的减轻,功能早期锻炼,具有较好的疗效。     

Callus Formation and Mineralization after Fracture with Different Fixation Techniques: Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO) has been considered as an alternative for fracture treatment. Previous study has demonstrated that MIPO technique has the advantage of less soft tissue injury compared with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). However, the comparison of callus formation and mineralization between two plate osteosynthesis methods remains unknown. In this experiment, ulna fracture model was established in 42 beagle dogs. The fractures underwent reduction and internal fixation with MIPO or ORIF. Sequential fluorescent labeling and radiographs were applied to determine new callus formation and mineralization in two groups after operation. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the animals were selected to be sacrificed and the ulna specimens were analyzed by Micro-CT. The sections were also treated with Masson staining for histological evaluation. More callus formation was observed in MIPO group in early stage of fracture healing. The fracture union rate has no significant difference between two groups. The results indicate that excessive soft tissue stripping may impact early callus formation. As MIPO technique can effectively reduce soft tissue injury with little incision, it is considered to be a promising alternative for fracture fixation.     

不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的Pilon骨折患者156例为研究对象,根据手术方法不同,将患者分成研究组和对照组,每组78例。研究组给予分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗,对照组给予有限内固定结合外固定的手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的踝关节功能、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间以及术后不良反应的发生情况等。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后踝关节功能均获得改善,且研究组踝关节功能优秀率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗pilon骨折的临床效果显著,是临床治疗pilon骨折的理想方案。但在临床实践中,应根据患者病情选择合适的治疗方案。     

Similarities and Varieties: A Brief Sketch on the Reception of Darwinism and Sociobiology in Japan

This paper discusses the reception of Darwinian evolutionary theory and sociobiology in Japan. Darwinism was introduced into Japan in the late 19th century and Japanese people readily accepted the concept of evolution because, lacking Christianity, there was no religious opposition. However, the theory of evolution was treated as a kind of social scientific tool, i.e., social Spencerism and eugenics. Although evolutionary biology was developed during the late 19th and the early 20th century, orthodox Darwinian theory was neglected for a long time. In the mid 1980s, sociobiology was introduced but it was ignored and criticized by a large part of the ecologist-evolutionist community in Japan. This hostile attitude was due to the absence of Darwinism among these scientists. Compared with the reception of sociobiology in English-speaking countries, there were both similarities and differences in Japan.     

锁定钢板与解剖钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用比较

目的探讨锁定钢板与解剖钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的pilon骨折患者91例为研究对象,根据治疗方式不同分为对照组45例和观察组46例。对照组予以解剖钢板内固定治疗,观察组患者采用锁定钢板内固定治疗,并对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较分析。结果观察组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、下地负重时间均明显短于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的优良率为91.1%,对照组的优良率为64.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前各项生活质量评分无明显差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组的生理功能、身体疼痛、总体健康、活力、情感职能、心理健康评分均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论锁定钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用效果优于解剖钢板内固定,值得临床推广应用。     

A century and a half of research on the evolution of insect flight

The gill and paranotal lobe theories of insect wing evolution were both proposed in the 1870s. For most of the 20th century, the paranotal lobe theory was more widely accepted, probably due to the fundamentally terrestrial tracheal respiratory system; in the 1970s, some researchers advocated for an elaborated gill (“pleural appendage”) theory. Lacking transition fossils, neither theory could be definitively rejected.Winged insects are abundant in the fossil record from the mid-Carboniferous, but insect fossils are vanishingly rare earlier, and all earlier fossils are from primitively wingless insects. The enigmatic, isolated mandibles of Rhyniognatha (early Devonian) hint that pterygotes may have been present much earlier, but the question remains open.In the late 20th century, researchers used models to study the interaction of body and protowing size on solar warming and gliding abilities, and stability and glide effectiveness of many tiny adjustable winglets versus a single, large pair of immobile winglets. Living stoneflies inspired the surface-skimming theory, which provides a mechanism to bridge between aquatic gills and flapping wings. The serendipitously discovered phenomenon of directed aerial descent suggests a likely route to the early origin of insect flight. It provides a biomechanically feasible sequence from guided falls to fully-powered flight.     

急诊应用VSD与延期内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的对比分析

目的：探讨严重胫骨远端骨折的临床治疗方案。方法：2008年2月至2011年2月我科治疗的106例严重胫骨远端骨折患者,84例急诊应用封闭负压引流术（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）联合内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折（观察组）,22例延期应用内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折（对照组）,比较两组的住院天数、住院费用、术后并发症、术后疼痛程度评分。结果：两组在住院天数、住院费用的比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。观察组术后出现2例伤口裂开,疼痛程度评分为：（2.31±1.37）分,对照组出现3例伤口感染并裂开,疼痛程度评分为：（4.09±2.34）分。术后并发症、术后疼痛程度评分的比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：急诊应用VSD联合内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折不增加患者的治疗费用,减少患者的痛苦,在临床上值得推广应用。     

Fracture management of civilian gunshot wounds to the hand

Civilian gunshot wounds to the hand are typically caused by low-velocity weapons, which create a localized pattern of soft-tissue and bone injury that usually allows for early definitive treatment. A retrospective chart review of 72 patients treated for 98 gunshot wound fractures at an urban level I trauma center was conducted to evaluate the results of limited debridement and early definitive fracture fixation of urban gunshot wound fractures of the hand. The incidence of hand fractures, means of fracture fixation, number of operations, occurrence of infection, and level of patient compliance were determined. Twenty-nine fractures were managed definitively with reduction and splinting in the emergency department or intensive care unit. Sixty-eight fractures were treated surgically, at a mean of 2 days after injury. Eleven patients required more than one operation. The overall infection rate was 8 percent and was not influenced by the fracture fixation method. All infections were superficial and resolved with antibiotics alone. Thirty-nine percent of patients were lost to follow-up after hospital discharge and 85 percent of patients were lost to follow-up before documented fracture healing. Twenty-six percent of patients were lost to follow-up with a removable fixation device in place. Limited debridement and early definitive fracture fixation are associated with low rates of complications for typical civilian handgun wound fractures. Cases with extensive injury or contamination do require a staged approach to treatment. Poor patient compliance in the urban trauma setting should be expected and may affect the management plan.