一种自下而上的合成微生物组理性构建策略，用于郫县豆瓣发酵剂设计

【目的】提出一种合成微生物组的理性构建策略,用于构建郫县豆瓣蚕豆醅初始发酵的微生物组合菌剂。【方法】采取自下而上的合成微生物组理性构建策略,以相对丰度、频率和特征向量中心度作为核心微生物属的选择指标,分析确定蚕豆醅发酵核心微生物;设计模拟原位体系的全合成培养基,并利用该培养基快速、稳定地检测核心微生物包括产香性能在内的发酵特征。基于核心微生物的产香互补性能进行双菌组合发酵实验,结合核心微生物之间的生长相互作用,设计三菌组合发酵菌剂并验证其发酵性能。【结果】本研究确定并分离了郫县豆瓣蚕豆醅发酵过程中的 9种核心微生物。检测核心微生物产生的挥发性风味化合物,发现酵母菌类、乳酸菌类和其他类微生物之间存在产香互补关系。然后,结合微生物间的生长抑制关系设计了由乳酸片球菌、肉葡萄球菌及异变假丝酵母组成的三菌组合菌剂。与企业原位发酵样品相比,三菌组合菌剂产生的挥发性化合物数量达到原位样品的63.1%,化合物种类结构较为相似。与原位样品相比,组合菌剂样品氨基酸态氮浓度提升了21.8%。【结论】本研究提出了一种自下而上的合成微生物组理性构建策略,基于此策略设计了郫县豆瓣蚕豆醅发酵组合菌剂。使用该组合菌剂作为起始发酵剂发酵的郫县豆瓣蚕豆醅具有良好的风味谱和优异的氨基酸态氮水平。本研究在合成微生物组构建与发酵食品工艺改造方面具有较大的科学与应用价值。     

郫县豆瓣细菌多样性及群落结构动态变化北大核心

【目的】通过检测郫县豆瓣在不同发酵阶段细菌的种类、丰度及数量,探究郫县豆瓣的不同发酵产品发酵过程中细菌的动态变化情况。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因测序对郫县豆瓣4个发酵阶段中细菌种类及丰度进行分析,利用荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)方法检测不同发酵阶段的细菌总数。【结果】郫县豆瓣在初期的发酵过程中细菌群落处于动态稳定,在不同发酵阶段细菌群落组成相对丰富,从郫县豆瓣整个初期的发酵过程来看,细菌群落多样性呈现升高的趋势,Shannon指数从1.25升高到3.50;在郫县豆瓣初期发酵过程中细菌群落的数量以及多样性与发酵环境息息相关,不同发酵阶段细菌群落的多样性也有所不同,其中在干辣椒发酵阶段中泛菌属(Pantoea)为最优势菌属,占比为20%;在蚕豆瓣发酵阶段中葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)的相对丰度最高,占比为38%;混合发酵后,在红油豆瓣发酵阶段的最优势菌属是乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),占比达到27%,郫县豆瓣发酵阶段的最优势菌属是乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),占比为62%。【结论】推断在郫县豆瓣不同发酵阶段初期相对丰度较大的菌属对郫县豆瓣的质量以及产量可能会产生重大影响。     

青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物及其风味代谢特征解析

[背景]青稞酒是一个多菌种固态发酵的产物,解析发酵过程中重要的功能微生物及其代谢特征对调控青稞酒发酵具有重要作用。[目的]揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物并解析其风味代谢特征。[方法]基于高通量测序技术揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的微生物群落多样性和组成;采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术跟踪酒醅的风味信息;通过微生物属与风味物质的关联分析揭示青稞酒发酵过程中风味功能微生物菌群,并采用蒙特卡洛检验分析进一步揭示发酵过程理化因子对风味功能微生物菌群的影响;于实验室环境下重构6株微生物发酵体系,以揭示其风味代谢特征。[结果]青稞酒发酵过程中9个真菌属和8个细菌属(相对丰度>1%)占据优势,其中Aspergillus、Komagataella、Lactobacillus、Pichia、Saccharomyces和Weissella是青稞酒发酵过程主要风味功能微生物;发酵过程中还原糖(r^2=0.946 9,P=0.013 2)和酸度(r^2=0.847 6,P=0.048 6)是驱动风味功能微生物菌群演替的关键因子;6株菌的组合发酵实验揭示了体外系统与原位系统具有相同的微生物演替现象与相似的风味轮廓。[结论]研究揭示了青稞酒发酵过程关键的风味功能微生物以及驱动该菌群演替的重要环境因子,并通过组合发酵实验验证了这些微生物的风味代谢特征,为青稞酒发酵过程的风味调控提供了新的视角。     

泸型酒酒醅细菌群落的发酵演替规律

【目的】考察泸型酒发酵过程中酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,探讨菌群演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【方法】采用高通量测序技术分析泸型酒酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,并运用Mantel test分析不同发酵阶段的细菌群落演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【结果】酒醅发酵过程中有397个属的微生物,其中Lactobacillus、Bacillus、Weissella、Dysgonomonas、Comamonas以及Ruminococcaceae为优势属(相对丰度1.0%)。通过聚类分析可将酒醅发酵过程划分为3个阶段:阶段I (0–5 d),阶段II (6–17 d)和阶段III(18–40d),且3个阶段的酒醅菌群结构差异显著(P0.05)。Metastats分析结果表明,与阶段I相比,阶段II酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus和unclassifiedLactobacillaceae相对丰度显著升高(P0.05),而unclassifiedBacillaceae、 Staphylococcus、 Bacillus、 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae、 Lactococcus、Pseudomonas、Thermoactinomyces、Leuconostoc、Staphylococcus相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。与阶段II相比,阶段III酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus相对丰度显著增长(P0.05),Comamonas、Acetobacter、unclassified Bacilli、Clostridium、Bacillus、Ruminococcus、unclassified Porphyromonadaceae和unclassified Streptophyta相对丰度显著下降(P0.05)。结果表明,阶段I的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分和乙醇浓度变化线性相关(P0.05);阶段II和阶段III的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分、酸度、乙醇浓度均没有相关性(P0.05)。【结论】泸型酒酒醅中细菌群落在不同发酵阶段结构差异显著,且温度、水分以及乙醇浓度对酒醅发酵前期(0–5 d)细菌群落演替具有重要作用。     

泸型酒酒醅与窖泥中梭菌群落结构、演替和功能差异

梭菌对泸型酒风味品质的发酵形成具有重要作用,但目前对酒醅和窖泥中梭菌群落的物种组成、发酵演替规律以及代谢功能的差异尚缺少深入认识。采用分子微生态学技术,在种水平上对比了同一窖池的酒醅和窖泥中梭菌纲细菌群落的结构差异和演替规律,并通过纯培养方法分离和评价了梭菌菌株的主要挥发性脂肪酸组成差异。结果表明,窖泥发酵过程中梭菌纲细菌和总细菌的基因拷贝数比值相对稳定(71.5%–91.2%),而酒醅中梭菌的变化则较大(0.9%–36.5%)。酒醅中优势梭菌纲细菌主要是梭菌属(Clostridium,19.9%)、沉积物菌属(Sedimentibacter,8.8%)和氢孢菌属(Hydrogenispora,7.2%),而窖泥中主要为氢孢菌属(57.2%)、沉积物菌属(5.4%)和产己酸菌属(Caproiciproducens,4.9%)。窖泥及酒醅发酵过程中梭菌群落结构差异显著(P=0.001)。分离获得的20株梭菌菌株具有不同的产挥发性脂肪酸能力。结果表明,窖池中梭菌纲细菌群落存在时空异质性,其结构和功能差异对泸型酒风味形成具有影响。     

泸型酒酒醅中梭菌群落的研究

正泸型酒(又称浓香型白酒)的生产以高粱为主要原料,以大曲为糖化发酵剂,采用泥窖进行多菌种混合循环固态发酵,窖池中存在的微生物主要包括酵母、霉菌、细菌、古菌等,这些独特而复杂的窖内微生物群落是泸型酒独特风味形成的关键~([1])。梭菌对于泸型酒中己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等典型风味物质的形成具有重要作用,虽然已对窖泥进行了群落结构和演替规律的研究,但对酒醅中的这类微生物的变化及其功能则研究甚少。本期刊登了马     

液固工艺山西陈醋发酵微生物群落组成、互作网络及溯源分析

【背景】传统山西陈醋是在开放环境下由多菌种固态发酵酿制而成,解析酿造过程中微生物群落的组成、互作网络及来源对认识和调控食醋发酵过程都具有重要意义。【目的】揭示山西陈醋酿造微生物群落的组成、演替、互作网络及来源。【方法】基于高通量测序技术揭示山西陈醋酿造过程中微生物群落的组成、演替和多样性;采用SPSS数据统计软件计算物种间的斯皮尔曼相关系数并利用Gephi软件对微生物群落互作网络进行可视化分析;采用快速期望最大化微生物源跟踪(fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking, FEAST)方法解析发酵微生物群落的来源。【结果】山西陈醋酿造过程中有6个优势细菌属和5个优势真菌属(平均相对丰度大于1%);醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和复膜孢酵母属(Saccharomycopsis)的平均相对丰度较高,分别为20.76%、30.38%和46.24%;醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter)的相对丰度在醋酸发酵阶段逐渐增加,而乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)在此阶段的趋势则相反。微生物群落互作网络结果显示魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、季也蒙酵母属(Meyerozyma)、Loigolactobacillus、Schleiferilactobacillus和地杆菌属(Geobacter)具有较高的连接度(连接度≥7);此外,醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter)与魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、Schleiferilactobacillus、Loigolactobacillus、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、季也蒙酵母属(Meyerozyma)具有显著的拮抗作用。来源追溯结果显示糖化发酵第2天样品中有1.02%的细菌群落和77.04%的真菌群落来源于大曲;在醋酸发酵第1天样品中有0.93%的细菌群落和52.82%的真菌群落来源于火醅。【结论】为了解山西陈醋酿造过程中微生物群落的组成、演替、互作网络和解释酿造微生物来源提供了重要的理论数据。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测金山醋酸乳杆菌的方法与应用

[目的] 建立基于实时荧光定量PCR （RT-qPCR）的金山醋酸乳杆菌特异性检测方法,并将其应用于食醋和白酒发酵过程样品的快速检测。[方法] 筛选金山醋酸乳杆菌基因组中特异性强的基因序列作为模板设计特异性引物,通过标准菌株、醋醅样品进行PCR验证引物的特异性和准确性,建立RT-qPCR方法分析金山醋酸乳杆菌在不同地区酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品中的含量。[结果] 以金山醋酸乳杆菌的苯丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶α亚基（编码pheS基因）为参考序列,设计了一对GC含量55%、T_m值59℃、可扩增199 bp片段的引物。建立的RT-qPCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高且重复性好,检测浓度范围为2.24-10.24 lg （copies/μL）,成功应用于4个地区的酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品检测。对镇江香醋醋酸发酵过程的研究表明,醋醅中的金山醋酸乳杆菌数量先迅速增加,随后稳定在10⁸ copies/g干醅。[结论] 本研究建立的RT-qPCR方法可对食醋和白酒发酵过程中金山醋酸乳杆菌进行特异性鉴定和快速定量。     

泸型酒酒醅中梭菌群落的发酵演替规律和功能预测

【目的】研究泸型酒酒醅中梭菌(Clostridia)群落的演替规律,探讨梭菌群落在酒醅发酵过程中的潜在功能。【方法】利用实时荧光定量PCR技术结合高通量测序技术研究不同发酵时间泸型酒酒醅中梭菌丰度变化;通过梭菌16S r RNA基因序列高通量测序数据分析揭示梭菌群落演替规律,并运用LEf Se分析找出标志性OTU;通过PICRUSt分析对梭菌功能组成进行预测。【结果】泸型酒发酵过程酒醅中梭菌的生物量在发酵14 d上升至最高(3.46×10~7 copies/g),梭菌占总细菌的相对丰度在发酵20 d达到最高(6.67%);对梭菌群落结构的聚类分析结果表明,发酵7 d的酒醅梭菌群落结构显著区别于其他发酵时间,主要体现为存在17个标志性OTU,其中大部分分类学地位尚不明确;PICRUSt分析显示梭菌主要参与氨糖与核糖代谢、磷酸戊糖途径,其次是果糖和甘露糖代谢、TCA循环、糖酵解途径、丙酸及丁酸代谢。【结论】泸型酒酒醅中梭菌的生物量和占细菌的相对丰度在发酵开始后的2-3周内逐渐达到最高,而梭菌群落的结构则在发酵1周内便发生了显著改变,并在发酵2-3周内趋于稳定。在发酵2-3周时有较多与丙酸、丁酸等风味物质代谢相关的基因在酒醅梭菌中被预测到。     

基于DNA高通量测序分析生料酿醋过程中的真菌多样性

【目的】了解生料酿醋不同阶段的真菌群落结构及其变化规律,为生料酿醋工艺优化提供理论指导。【方法】从山西一家生料酿醋企业采集原料、麸曲、发酵缸醋醅、熏醋样、淋醋样等涉及生料酿醋各阶段的样品共51份,扩增真菌ITS1区序列并利用高通量测序技术分析真菌多样性。【结果】除5份样品未扩增成功外,在剩余46份样品中共检测到489个真菌OTU,以子囊菌为主(占88.3%)。原料、麸曲、发酵缸醋醅、熏醋样、淋醋样等不同组别间在真菌群落结构方面存在显著差异。原料和麸曲中的真菌物种丰富度最低,发酵缸醋醅的真菌物种丰富度最高,熏醋样和淋醋样中的真菌物种丰富度又有所降低。原料和麸曲中的优势真菌分别为酿酒酵母和黑曲霉,是发酵阶段真菌的重要来源,但发酵缸醋醅中也检测到大量可能来源于发酵室环境的真菌。发酵缸醋醅在不同发酵时期间也存在明显的真菌群落结构差异,并可据此划分成发酵前期(包括发酵第2–13天的样品)和发酵后期(包括发酵第17–46天的样品)。酿酒酵母和亮白曲霉的丰度在发酵前期显著高于发酵后期,而黑曲霉、一种小戴卫霉科真菌等的丰度在发酵后期显著高于发酵前期。【结论】生料酿醋的不同阶段和发酵缸醋醅发酵的不同时期,其真菌群落结构都存在明显差异。酿酒酵母和黑曲霉是发酵阶段的优势真菌。本研究为生料酿醋工艺优化提供了理论依据。     

传统豆瓣酱微生物群落发酵演替规律及其功能分析

【目的】解析中国传统豆瓣酱发酵过程中的微生物群落演替规律和理化代谢物质变化,探讨不同发酵阶段影响豆瓣酱风味的核心功能微生物。【方法】采用高通量测序解析豆瓣酱发酵过程中的微生物群落结构和演替,并跟踪检测发酵过程中的理化代谢物质,然后分析微生物群落和理化代谢物质变化之间的相关性,最后在体外分离核心微生物并对其功能特性进行验证。【结果】细菌和真菌群落结构在发酵前期显著变化,并在中后期逐渐趋于稳定。优势细菌主要是Staphylococcus、Bacillus和Weisiella,其中Staphylococcus在整个发酵过程中呈上升趋势,而Bacillus和Weisiella呈下降趋势。真菌群落结构较为简单且稳定,其中Aspergillus在整个发酵过程中的平均丰度占真菌总群落的97%以上,Zygosaccharomyces呈先上升后下降的趋势。相关性分析和体外功能验证表明,功能微生物(Aspergillus oryzae、Bacillus subtilis、Staphylococcus gallinarum、Weisiella confusa和Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)在不同发酵阶段发挥着不同的关键作用。【结论】在成曲和发酵前期Aspergillus oryzae、Bacillus subtilis分泌各种酶来降解大分子物质,Aspergillus oryzae、Staphylococcus gallinarum和Weisiella confusa导致了酱醅的酸化和氨基酸的生成,而耐盐的Zygosaccharomyces rouxii在发酵中后期对风味物质的形成起重要作用。     

Analyses of bacterial communities in meju,a Korean traditional fermented soybean bricks,by cultivation-based and pyrosequencing methods

Despite the importance of meju as a raw material used to make Korean soy sauce (ganjang) and soybean paste (doenjang), little is known about the bacterial diversity of Korean meju. In this study, the bacterial communities in meju were examined using both culture-dependent and independent methods in order to evaluate the diversity of the bacterial population. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the bacterial strains isolated from meju samples showed that the dominant species were related to members of the genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus. The community DNAs extracted from nine different meju samples were analyzed by barcoded pyrosequencing method targeting of the V1 to V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In total, 132,374 sequences, with an average read length of 468 bp, were assigned to several phyla, with Firmicutes (93.6%) representing the predominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (4.5%) and Bacteroidetes (0.8%). Other phyla accounted for less than 1% of the total bacterial sequences. Most of the Firmicutes were Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, mainly represented by members of the genera Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc, whose ratio varied among different samples. In conclusion, this study indicated that the bacterial communities in meju were very diverse and a complex microbial consortium containing various microorganisms got involved in meju fermentation than we expected before.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌诱变育种及其突变株在降低酱油中氨基甲酸乙酯的应用

【目的】通过诱变育种提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌JY06利用精氨酸的能力,并将其用于降低酱油中的氨基甲酸乙酯及前体,从而提高酿造酱油的安全性。【方法】采用等离子诱变和紫外诱变两种诱变育种方法对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JY06进行突变,应用高通量筛选手段获得具有高精氨酸利用能力的突变株,验证突变株降低酱油中氨基甲酸乙酯的能力。【结果】获得了12株精氨酸利用能力提高的突变株,与出发菌株JY06相比,突变株C12和E6可使酱油中瓜氨酸含量分别降低了15.6%和14.7%,EC的含量分别降低了19.3%和13.1%。【结论】通过等离子诱变和紫外诱变进一步提高了解淀粉芽孢杆菌JY06降低酱油中EC及其前体瓜氨酸的能力,具有控制或减少酱油中生物危害物的应用潜力。     

Composition of cell walls from cotyledons of Pisum sativum,Vicia faba and Glycine max

Cell walls from cotyledons of smooth field pea, broad bean and soya bean contain ca 55% pectic polysaccharides associated with 9% cellulose. Arabinose is the major pectic sugar of pea and broad bean walls whereas soya bean pectic polymers are constituted of galactose and arabinose in the ratio (2:1). Galacturonic acid represents ca 20% of the walls. In addition, pea and broad bean cell walls contain, respectively, 12% and 6% of non-starchy and non-cellulosic glucans bearing 4,6-linked and 3-linked glycosyl units. EDTA-soluble acidic pectic substances are distinct rhamnogalacturonans bearing decreasing proportions of interrupting rhamnose from highly interrupted moieties to nearly homogenous homogalacturonans. Pea and broad bean rhamnogalacturonans are associated with arabinose-containing polymers of average DP ca 30–35 whereas soya bean ones have side chains of arabinose and galactose of DP ca 40.     

Molecular and morphological identification of fungal species isolated from bealmijang meju

Bealmijang is a short-term aged paste made from meju, which is a brick of fermented soybeans and other ingredients. Different types of bealmijang are available depending on the geographic region or ingredients used. However, no study has clarified the microbial diversity of these types. We identified 17 and 14 fungal species from black soybean meju (BSM) and buckwheat meju (BWM), respectively, on the basis of morphology, culture characteristics, and internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin gene sequencing. In both meju, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium polonicum, P. steckii, Cladosporium tenuissimum, C. cladosporioides, C. uredinicola, and yeast species Pichia burtonii were commonly found. Moreover, A. flavus, A. niger, P. crustosum, P. citrinum, Eurotium niveoglaucum, Absidia corymbifera, Setomelanomma holmii, Cladosporium spp. and unclassified species were identified from BSM. A. clavatus, Mucor circinelloides, M. racemosus, P. brevicompactum, Davidiella tassiana, and Cladosporium spp. were isolated from BWM. Fast growing Zygomycetous fungi is considered important for the early stage of meju fermentation, and A. oryae and A. niger might play a pivotal role in meju fermentation owing to their excellent enzyme productive activities. It is supposed that Penicillium sp. and Pichia burtonii could contribute to the flavor of the final food products. Identification of this fungal diversity will be useful for understanding the microbiota that participate in meju fermentation, and these fungal isolates can be utilized in the fermented foods and biotechnology industries.     

Influence of certain agricultural practices on the cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivora Koch,infesting broad bean crops and the relation between the infestation and yield of plants in upper Egypt

Abstract

The effect of certain agriculture practices such as susceptibility of six broad bean varieties, space of planting, nitrogen fertilization levels, first irrigation and farmyard manure on the infestation of broad bean crop with the Aphis craccivora Koch was studied at El-Kawsar region, Sohag Governorate (about 495 km south of Cairo, Egypt) throughout the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons. The results obtained revealed that A. craccivora appeared from November until the second week of April. Also, the faba bean varieties were different in their susceptibility to the infestation with A. craccivora, dividing into three groups: the first one which was susceptible included Giza 674 and Giza Blanka; the second had low resistance and included Giza 843, Giza 2 and Giza 40; and the third group was moderate including Giza 429. The numbers of A. craccivora was significantly increased at 70 kg chemical nitrogen plus farmyard manure than at 40 or 55 units/feddan of chemical nitrogen during the two seasons. The population density of A. craccivora was significantly higher when decreasing the planting space. The population density of A. craccivora increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen fertilization levels during both seasons. The broad bean plants sown on 10 cm and which received N at a rate of 90 kg/fed. harboured the highest numbers of A. craccivora as compared with the other treatment (20 and 30 cm). The results show also that the broad bean plants which were irrigated at 56 and 63 days as a first irrigation harboured highly significant numbers of A. craccivora compared with the plants irrigated at 14, 21 and 28 days. These results also show significant negative correlation between the infestation of A. craccivora and the yield of broad bean plants.     

Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants

Treatments of broad bean and maize seedlings with fluometuron, atrazine or rimsulfuron affected some parameters of oxidative stress. Fluometuron significantly reduced activity of Hill reaction (PSII), chlorophyll a+b contents and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) in leaves of both species and significantly increased contents of H₂O₂, lipid peroxides and carbonyl groups during the whole experiment. There were, moreover, significant inhibitions in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; E.C. 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; E.C. 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; E.C. 1.11.1.7). Response to atrazine was, to some extent, similar to fluometuron throughout the entire experiment in broad bean and up mostly to the 12^th day of the experiment in maize. The herbicide effect was more pronounced in broad bean than maize. These results point to indicate an occurrence of oxidative stress in both species by fluometuron and only in broad bean by atrazine. The increase in H₂O₂ content accompanied with drop in activities of SOD, CAT and peroxidases indicates a decline in its detoxification rather than increase in its synthesis. On the contrary, rimsulfuron seemed to have no effect on most of the tested parameters although there were transient significant increases in H₂O₂, lipid peroxides and carbonyl groups as well as activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GPX. These findings, based on the recovery in oxidative stress, indicate that fluometuron is involved in oxidative stress generation in both species but atrazine only in broad bean while rismulfuron is not in both species.     

蚕豆根瘤菌接种效应研究

为发掘和利用青海冷凉地区蚕豆优良的根瘤菌种质资源,确定根瘤菌的接种效应。将分离、纯化、分子鉴定的16株蚕豆根瘤菌通过盆栽回接试验的方法进行筛选。结果表明,筛选出6株根瘤菌,它们与青海13号蚕豆共生匹配效果较好,共生固氮能力强,促进蚕豆生长效果明显。