催乳素受体基因与羊驼繁殖性能关系的初探

通过氯仿/异戊醇法制备羊驼血液基因组DNA,采用PCR方法首次扩增出羊驼催乳素受体基因(prolactin receptor gene,PRLR)exon8-exon9序列(GenBank登录号为DQ198164),该片段长度为622bp。通过NCBI blast(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/)比较,结果表明:该序列包括exon8的82bp、intron8全序列472bp和exon9的68bp。同源性比较发现,羊驼PRLR基因exon8和exon9核苷酸序列与其它哺乳动物的相应区域的同源性特高,均≥92%;同时还发现羊驼exon8引物后第19个碱基为G,而其它哺乳动物(猪除外)均为A,猪则是在羊驼exon8引物后的第34个碱基处由G变为A,通过推导氨基酸序列分析发现,这种单碱基的突变使得羊驼与其它哺乳动物相比,该处的氨基酸由亮氨酸取代了异亮氨酸;在羊驼exon9引物前第22个碱基处也发生了A-G碱基替换现象,但这个碱基的突变发生在密码子的第3个碱基上,编码的氨基酸均为脯氨酸。在这些动物中只有羊驼为单胎动物,羊驼exon8核苷酸序列中A-G的碱基替换并引起编码氨基酸序列发生改变是否与羊驼繁殖性能有关还有待进一步研究。     

羊驼显性白毛调控KIT基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为研究羊驼显性白毛调控基因的结构特点及体外表达产物的生物活性,利用RT-PCR技术,首次从羊驼皮肤组织中扩增出羊驼KIT基因exon10-14 cDNA编码序列。结果表明:羊驼KIT基因exon10-14 cDNA长414bp,包括30 bp的exon10、127 bp的exon11、125 bp的exon12、91 bp的exon13和41 bp的exon14(全长151 bp),编码含138个氨基酸残基的蛋白;羊驼与牛、羊、猪、人、马等相比,核苷酸的同源性分别为94%、93%、93%、92%、92%,氨基酸的同源性均大于97%。构建了原核表达载体pET-32a( )-KIT,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,在异丙基硫代半乳糖苷诱导下表达KIT蛋白。结果表明:羊驼KIT基因在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达,融合蛋白分子量约为36 kD,目的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的20%。     

羊驼线粒体12srRNA/tRNA-Val/16rRNA 基因序列测定及分子进化研究

对GaneBank中登录的部分骆驼科动物线粒体12 srRNA/tRNA-Val/16 rRNA基因序列进行同源性比较,并借助DNAstar软件设计引物,扩增并进行序列分析,旨在揭示其遗传变异的规律。PCR条件优化后成功扩增出长度为1 014 bp的DNA片段,b lastn分析显示,该片断与骆驼科动物的同源性高于95%,所获得片断包括30bp的12 srRNA基因部分序列,71 bp的tRNA-Val基因全序列和913 bp的16 srRNA基因部分序列。利用RNA-structure 4.2 RNA分析软件绘制了部分骆驼科动物的线粒体tRNA-Val推导性二级结构图,比较结果显示,羊驼线粒体tRNA-Val氨基酸臂和反密码子环呈属间特异性遗传。     

显性白毛调控基因在不同毛色羊驼皮肤中表达差异的研究

为了研究KIT基因对羊驼毛色的影响及在不同毛色羊驼皮肤中的表达差异,实验在分析羊驼KIT基因结构的基础上,自行设计表达引物,将羊驼KIT基因exon10-exon14成功定向克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a( )中,构建了KIT基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-KIT.同时进行诱导表达,并以纯化的重组蛋白为免疫原,采喟长程免疫程序免疫兔子,成功制备兔抗羊驼多克隆抗体,从而进行免疫组化分析.结果表明:(1)羊驼KIT基因exon10-exon14编码含138个氨基酸残基的蛋白;(2)SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-KIT诱导下,表达的KIT蛋白为可溶性蛋白;(3)免疫组化研究表明,白毛色羊驼皮肤毛囊内根鞘周围组织有KIT蛋白的表达,外根鞘和结缔组织也有少量表达,而黄色羊驼皮肤毛囊周围即内外根鞘则不表达KIT蛋白.     

三个品种家鸡催乳素基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从粤黄鸡、毛丝乌骨鸡及伊莎蛋鸡的垂体中快速抽提总RNA,根据国外已发表的肉用仔鸡乳素基因cDNA的序列,设计并合成了能与特定载体末端互补的1对引物,经反转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）方法扩增获得了特异性片段。将扩增片段与线性化质粒pBSSK连接,克隆后进行序列分析,与已报道的肉用仔鸡、矮脚鸡和火鸡催乳素基因的核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行了比较。结果表明,不同品种间核苷酸同源性介于93．97％－99．87％之间,其中丝毛乌骨鸡与矮脚鸡间的同源性最高为99．87％。推导的相应氨基酸序列的同源性在98．25％－100％之间,也是丝毛乌骨鸡与矮脚鸡间的同源性最高,为100％。在粤黄鸡、丝毛乌骨鸡和伊莎蛋鸡中,发现前两者的催乳素前体的cDNA片段推导的 氨基酸序列中信号肽裂触位点跟肉用仔鸡,矮脚鸡及火鸡的一样,为Leu-Pro-IIe-Cys,而伊莎蛋鸡的信号肽裂解位点则不一样,为Pro-Pro-IIe-Cys。此位点的差异可能导致催乳素前体翻译加工的不同,使伊莎蛋鸡无就巢性。这3个家鸡品种与国外的肉用仔鸡、矮脚鸡催乳素氨基酸序列还在以下位置出现差异：71、141、150、175。在肉用仔鸡、丝毛乌骨鸡催乳素氨基酸序列中还发现了一个肝素结合位点175－181（L－R－R－D－S－H－K）。     

野生稻NBS类抗病基因同源序列的分离与序列分析

为了挖掘野生稻中的抗病资源,根据已克隆的植物抗病基因核苷酸结合位点序列中的保守结构域设计3对简并引物,从疣粒、药用、高秆、宽叶和斑点野生稻基因组DNA中分离出13条NBS类抗病基因类似物,其中11条具有连续的ORF,具有NBS类R基因的保守基元P-loop、kinas-2、kinas-3a和GLPL。在NCBI上进行同源性搜索发现,其中12条RGAs的核苷酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有66%～94%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有67%～84%的同源性;其对应的氨基酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有43%～93%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有37%～79%的同源性。另外1条的核苷酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有76%的同源性,其氨基酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有74%的同源性。根据序列分析结果设计6对不同基因特异性引物,并利用RT-PCR技术进行表达分析,结果表明,RN1BD5、RN1BD10、RN1GG2和RN1YY6均能表达,说明这些片段可能是功能性抗病基因的部分序列;而RN1KY9和RN1GG5没有表达,可能是假基因。     

斜带石斑鱼生长激素/催乳素家族基因cDNAs的分子克隆及其进化意义

从斜带石斑鱼垂体提取总。RNA,再取其50ng合成SMART cDNA。从所构建的垂体SMART cDNA质粒文库中筛选到生长激素／催乳素基因家族的2个成员的全长cDNA片段：生长激素(GH)基因全长为938bp,编码204个氨基酸;催乳素基因(PRI．)全长为1429bp,编码212个氨基酸。采用计算机软件Mega 2和CLUSTAL W1．64b对9种鱼的生长激素／催乳素基因家族的3个成员(GH、PRL和生长催乳素SL)的氨基酸序列进行系统分析,构建NJ分支系统树,对于序列中的插入／缺失位点则采用Pairaise Deletion,1000次自展(Bootstrap)分析计算各节点支持率。根据3个基因的氨基酸序列构建的系统树表明,石斑鱼与金头鲷、金鲈和牙鲆聚成一类,虹鳟与大马哈鱼聚成一类,鲫鱼与鲶鱼聚成一类,鳗鲡成另外一类。根据石斑鱼全长cDNA推断的氨基酸序列比较表明,SL相对GH和PRL有较高的保守性。石斑鱼的GH、PRL和SL的氨基酸同源性在24％～31％,但其C-端的氨基酸同源性较高,尤其是C-端的3个Cys是严格保守的。其中SL与GH的同源性(30．8％)高于与PRL的同源性(25．6％),GH和PRL的同源性最低(24．1％)。     

酪氨酸酶与羊驼毛色相关性的研究

为揭示羊驼毛色形成机理以及毛用性状改良奠定基础,选用羊驼作为试验动物群体,以酪氨酸酶作为影响羊驼毛色性状的候选基因,采用荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组织化学、免疫印迹等生物学方法从基因与蛋白方面分析了羊驼酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)在不同毛色个体的表达量.荧光定量PCR结果显示TYR基因在棕色个体中的mRNA表...     

肠道病毒ECHO25河南分离株基因特征分析

首次对ECHO25病毒进行分子生物学分析,阐明ECHO25(Entric Cytopathic Human Orphanviruses Type25)病毒河南分离株的分子生物学特征及其与世界其它分离株的基因关系。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增出VP1蛋白编码基因并进行序列测定,将所测4株ECHO25病毒的VP1序列与GenBank上已发表的ECH-O25病毒VP1区进行同源性比较及遗传进化分析发现:河南省4株ECHO25与标准株JV-4核苷酸同源性为79.2%～80.1%,氨基酸同源性为89.0%～92.4%;河南省4株ECHO25核苷酸同源性为93.0%～99.0%,氨基酸同源性为92.4%～97.5%;HN-01分离株与HN-26分离株高度同源,其核苷酸同源性达99.0%;河南省4株ECHO25同属B1基因亚型。     

新疆盐生植物的钙调蛋白基因克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR扩增的方法,从新疆盐生植物花花柴(Karelinia caspica)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliadum)和盐桦(Betula halophila)中分别克隆获得了450bp的cDNA片段.基因测序和序列同源性分析的结果表明,所克隆的基因片段均包含了钙调蛋白基因完整的读码框架.新疆花花柴钙调蛋白基因与盐爪爪钙调蛋白基因同源性达86%,盐爪爪与盐桦同源性达86.77%,花花柴与盐桦同源性达85.11%.新疆盐生植物钙调蛋白基因与其它已发表的植物钙调蛋白基因同源性均在80%以上,显示植物钙调蛋白基因具有高度保守性.     

白鹅催乳素基因的克隆及诱导表达条件的优化

摘要: 运用RT-PCR方法, 从白鹅脑垂体总RNA中扩增得到了催乳素(Prolactin, PRL)基因编码区序列cDNA, 并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。DNA序列分析表明, PRL cDNA包括终止密码子在内的长度为690 bp,编码230个氨基酸残基的蛋白质, 与皖西白鹅的有所差异, 二者碱基同源性在99.57%, 氨基酸同源性达99.56%。将PRL基因编码区序列cDNA定向克隆到表达载体pET-32a (+)中, 构建表达质粒pET-32a(+)-PRL。该质粒的BL21 (DE3)转化菌在IPTG的诱导下可表达PRL基因融合蛋白, IPTG终浓度1 mmol/L, 37℃, 诱导4 h表达量最高, 表达量约占菌体总蛋白的28.96%。     

Identification of four new members of the rat prolactin/growth hormone gene family.

The rodent prolactin (PRL)/growth hormone (GH) gene family currently consists of at least 14 distinct genes that are expressed mainly in pituitary, uterus, and/or placenta. We report here the identification of novel four members from rat with significant homology to PRL. The encoding proteins are not homologs of other known members of this hormone family. The four new cDNAs were assigned to PRL family based on sequence homology and were referred to as PRL-like protein-I (PLP-I), PLP-J, PLP-K, and PLP-L, following the current naming order of rodent PLP family, where PLP-H is the most recent gene. They encode amino acids with 211-228 amino acids, and 34-38% identity with PRL. All have one or two N-linked glycosylation sites. Among the examined rat tissues by Northern blot analysis, only PLP-I was expressed in testis. Our results indicate that the rodent PRL/GH gene family is large with at least 18 distinct genes.     

羊驼性别决定基因sry部分片段的克隆与序列分析

从成年羊驼血液提取基因组DNA,参照哺乳动物sry(sex-determining region on the Y chromosome)基因的同源保守区域设计特异性引物,用PCR技术成功扩增羊驼sry基因的部分片段,且全部实验雄性个体均成功扩增,而雌性个体则无任何特异性片段,说明所扩增基因片段具雄性特异性。对扩增序列所编码蛋白序列分析显示所扩增的片段编码的蛋白序列在哺乳动物sryHMG-box(high mobility group box)蛋白超家族的HMG-box区域,说明扩增的为sry基因片段。用所扩增片段与其他哺乳动物同源序列分析显示,由sry基因构建的系统进化树,与传统的动物分类关系相近,说明由sry基因的HMG-box构建系统树是分析物种亲缘关系的有效工具。     

Isolation of a novel 38 residue-hypothalamic polypeptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells

A novel neuropeptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures was isolated from ovine hypothalamic tissues. Its amino acid sequence was revealed as: His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln- Met-Ala- Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Lys-Gln-Arg-Val-Lys-Asn-Lys - NH2. The N-terminal sequence shows 68% homology with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) but its adenylate cyclase stimulating activity was at least 1000 times greater than that of VIP. It increased release of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), corticotropin (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from superfused rat pituitary cells at as small a dose as 10(-10)M (GH, PRL, ACTH) or 10(-9)M (LH). Whether these hypophysiotropic effects are the primary actions of the peptide or what physiological action in the pituitary is linked with the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by this peptide remains to be determined.     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌PCR检测方法的建立及应用

目的建立一种简便、快速、敏感、特异的适用于支气管败血波氏杆菌的PCR检测方法。方法根据兔支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica）的fim2基因序列设计了一对特异性引物,进行PCR扩增、特异性和敏感性试验,并将其应用于临床样品的检测。结果利用该PCR方法扩增出425bp的目的基因片段,该产物序列与GeneBank上公布的基因序列同源性为100％。特异性试验表明,该方法对大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、魏氏梭菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均无交叉性反应;并且最小可检出菌液浓度为3．6CPU。用该PCR方法检测了从江苏、山东等地采集的146份兔鼻拭子,结果检出支气管败血波氏杆菌阳性92例,阳性率为63．01％。结论建立了快速检测支气管败血波氏杆菌的PCR方法。     

A novel polymorphism of the porcine prolactin gene (PRL)

Prolactin is a protein hormone playing a role in the maintenance of pregnancy in the pig by action on corpora lutea cells and possibly initiating production of progesterone. The prolactin gene is 10 kb in size and is composed of 5 exons and 4 introns. The present work is a report of the swine PRL gene--comparative DNA sequence analysis and the SNP revealed in the promoter region. Based on the bovine prolactin gene, three primer pairs were designed using the Primer3 on-line software. The overlapping fragments covered about 400 nucleotides of the promoter and 78 nucleotides of exon 1. The fragments were amplified; two of them were sequenced and deposited in the GenBank database (AY341908 and AY905690). All fragments were analyzed using multitemperature SSCP (MSSCP) technique. Only one fragment appeared to show a different MSSCP pattern. The samples of differing MSSCP conformers were sequenced and the C499T transition was identified in the 5'UTR region of the gene. The HphI restriction enzyme appeared to recognize the novel SNP. The alignment for homology analysis was performed with porcine, bovine (X01452) and human (NM_000948) DNA sequences available in GenBank database, using BLAST software. The comparative homology analysis results varied in dependence on the species and functional region of the gene.     

Cloning and characterization of a novel trypsin inhibitor (BTIomega1) gene from Fagopyrum esculentum.

Based on the amino acid information of trypsin inhibitor of buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench), degenerated primers were designed and a full-length cDNA sequence named BTIomega1 (Buckwheat Trypsin Inhibitor) was amplified from the leaves RNA by using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. Sequence analysis shows that the 392 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 216 bp, encoding 72 amino acids residues. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 96 and 93% homology with BWI-1 and BTI-2, a natural trypsin inhibitor from buckwheat seeds. Southern blotting suggested that three copies of BTIomega1 gene existed in the buckwheat genome. Moreover, a predicted secondary structure and 3D-structural model was constructed by homology modeling. To our knowledge, this is the first all-round report of the gene BTIomega1. The novel BTIomega1 gene has been submitted to the GeneBank under Accession No. DQ289792.     

Cloning preprolactin cDNA from Pacific salmon in Escherichia coli]

Prolactin coding mRNA was shown to be a prevalent part of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) pituitary poly(A)-RNA during the spawning period. Clone lambda gtPrk12 was selected from the pituitary cDNA library by means of hybridization with the prolactin probe, and a nucleotide sequence of the insertion was determined and compared to the prolactin coding sequences from rainbow trout and Pacific chinook salmon, which had been published earlier. The sequences compared exhibited a significant homology. The deduced amino acid sequence of the chum salmon prolactin differed from a sequence determined directly in a single position. The prolactin-coding sequence can be used for constructing the bacterial strain producing prolactin.