酵母SH2产胞外糖蛋白对小鼠免疫功能的影响

酵母菌SH2产细胞外糖蛋白在体内与体外实验中能明显提高正常小鼠NK活性和淋巴细胞转化率以及白细胞数;对环磷酰胺所致的免疫受抑小鼠的免疫功能也有恢复作用.显示出酵母菌SH2产胞外糖蛋白具有免疫调节功能.     

酵母菌SH2发酵产物增强干扰素抗病毒活性及其有效成分的初步研究

酵母菌 Ｓ Ｈ２ 发酵产物（ 简称 Ｆ Ｓ Ｈ２） ,用 Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ７５ 凝胶层析和 Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ 色谱层析分离纯化,收集到一组蛋白。该组蛋白在 Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 和 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 电泳上带型一致,无蛋白亚基,分子量范围为５２ ～７２ ｋ Ｄ。凝胶上糖蛋白的特异性染色——— Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ’ｓ 染色显示阳性染色带;用 Ｌｏｗｒｙ’ｓ 法测蛋白和硫酸酚法测糖,显示蛋白与糖的比例约为３∶１ 。该组蛋白与人α干扰素作用,增强干扰素生物学效价分别为１ ．６ ～２ ．８ 倍和１ ．４ ～４ ．０ 倍;经 Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ７５ 凝胶层析的 Ｆ Ｓ Ｈ２ 蛋白洗脱峰增效２ ．０１ ～５ ．６８ 倍;发酵液增效１ ．６４ ～６ ．８６ 倍。并证实酵母菌 Ｓ Ｈ２ 增效干扰素的活性成分为５２ ～７２ｋ Ｄ 分子量范围的胞外糖蛋白（ 简称 Ｙ Ｅ Ｇ Ｐｓ） 。     

表达HSV－2 gD基因的重组痘苗病毒保护小鼠对抗致死量HSV病霉攻击

利用ＰＣＲ方法对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白Ｄ（ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ）基因进行了修饰,在其５＇端删去约５００ｂｐ的非编码区,仅保留ＡＴＧ上游７个ｂｐ。将修饰后的ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ基因插入到带有痘苗病毒天坛株ＴＫ基因区段的痘苗表达质粒ｐＪＳＡ１１７５,置于痘苗病毒Ｐ７．５ｋ早／晚期启动子控制下。将此重组质粒用脂质体Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ方法转染已受野型ＴＫ￣＋痘苗病毒天坛株感染的ＴＫ￣－１４３细胞,通过同源重组机制和标志基因ＬａｃＺ产物的蓝斑显色作用,以及ＢｕｄＲ试剂对ＴＫ表型的选择压力,筛选出整合有ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ基因的重组痘苗病毒。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ杂交表明,ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ基因已正确地插入痘苗病毒ＴＫ基因区内;间接免疫荧光检测显示,ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ蛋白已得到有效表达,且主要分布于细胞膜。重组病毒免疫家兔可产生明显的抗ＨＳＶ－２ｇＤ中和抗体。用重组病毒免疫小鼠,３周后可使９４％（１７／１８）的小鼠对抗ＨＳＶ－２的致死量攻击,表明重组病毒具有明显的免疫保护作用。     

肝病患者血清层粘连蛋白的检测及临床意义

层粘连蛋白是细胞外间质成分的糖蛋白,属于基底膜成分,存在于基底膜的透明层,是１９７９年由Ｔｉｍｐｌ等从小鼠ＥＨＳ肉瘤中发现并命名的［１］。层粘连蛋白具有多种生物功能,参与许多疾病的发生发展过程,尤其近年来发现层粘连蛋白与肝硬化有密切的关系［２］。为了...     

着床期小鼠子宫内膜Le^y糖蛋白的动态变化

为了解子宫内膜Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白在胚泡着床期间的变化,以及与胚泡表面阶段特异性Ｌｅ＾ｙ抗原出现的关系,应用对Ｌｅ＾ｙ寡糖特的ＡＨ－６单抗为探针,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ免疫酶标染色,观察了小鼠子宫内膜Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白在着床期的动态变化和分布特点,结果表明：（１）未孕及着床前后的小鼠子宫内膜均含Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白Ｍｒ５０～２００ｋＤ,未孕内膜的含量明显高于着床期间的样品;（２）在着床日（Ｄ     

深层发酵香菇水溶性胞外多糖的生物学活性

由香菇ＣＬ－２菌丝发酵上清液中分离到水溶性胞外多糖（ＨＥＰ）。研究表明,ＨＥＰ具有较强的免疫增效作用。它能有效促进正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著提高Ｔ淋巴细胞的百分含量,对小鼠体液免疫也有促进作用。ＨＥＰ对肉瘤Ｓ１８０的抑制率达３９．７％,并能显著延长荷瘤（ＥＡＣ）小鼠的存活时间,延长率达４０．５％。ＨＥＰ对牛艾滋病毒（ＢＩＶ）有直接抑制作用,抑制率为６６．７％。     

甲型副伤寒菌O—特异性多糖与破伤风类毒素结合菌苗的制备 …

以脱毒后去除类脂Ａ的甲型副伤寒杆菌高分子量Ｏ－ＳＰ１和低分子量Ｏ－ＳＰ２为特异笥抗原,以破伤风类毒素（ＴＴ）为蛋白质载体,用已二酸二肼（ＡＤＨ）作为连接剂制备的两种结合物及其多糖免疫ＮＩＨ小鼠,结果显示单独注射Ｏ＿ＳＰ１或Ｏ－ＳＰ２免疫小鼠后,均不能刺激小鼠产生抗ＬＰＳ抗体;而用Ｏ－ＳＰ１－ＴＴ和Ｏ－ＳＰ２－ＴＴ结合物免疫后,小鼠血甭中均产生了特异性抗－ＬＰＳ－ＩｇＧ抗体,且Ｏ－ＳＰ１－ＴＴ免疫组     

免疫巨噬细胞在抗肾综合征出血热病毒感染中作用的初步研究

本文报道免疫小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＰＭφ）在体内外抗肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）病毒杂中的作用，用ＭＴＴ法测定细胞活力表明：ＨＦＲＳ病毒在体外对非免疫ＰＭφ具有明显的抑制作用，而免疫ＰＭφ受病毒的抑制不明显，应用直接免疫荧光技术证实，ＨＦＲＳ病毒能在非免疫ＰＭφ胞浆内增殖，并能释放细胞外；而免疫ＰＭφ能杀灭入侵的病毒，细胞转输实验表明，腹腔转输免疫ＰＭφ对乳鼠的致死性感染具有完全或部分保护作用，对用环磷     

转铁蛋白对FSH诱导卵泡颗粒细胞分化的抑制作用及其机理

转铁蛋白为一类金属结合－转运糖蛋白,经典的理论阐明其在体内的主要作用是运送铁离子到各器官与组织。根据近两年的研究,转铁蛋白除了转运铁离子的作用外,还具有局部调节卵巢功能的作用,即能抑制ＦＳＨ诱导大鼠及人卵泡颗粒细胞的功能性分化。转铁蛋白抑制ＦＳＨ衣导卵泡颗粒细胞分化的主要机理是：（１）转铁蛋白部分地抑制ＦＳＨ与卵泡颗细胞上的受体结合,减少细胞内ｃＡＭＰ生成,进而抑制了ＦＳＨ受体的维持表达。（２）转     

载脂蛋白H基因多态性与血浆甘油三酯水平的关系

载脂蛋白Ｈ基因多态性与血浆甘油三酯水平的关系张文玲,刘德文（山西医学院,太原０３０００１）关键词载脂蛋白Ｈ,甘油三酯载脂蛋白Ｈ是１９６１年由Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚｅ及其同事发现的,最初被命名为β－２糖蛋白－Ｉ（β２－ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－Ｉ,β２ＧＰⅠ）...     

褐多孔菌水煎剂对小鼠肠道正常菌群的影响

褐多孔菌生长在大小兴安岭林区中的松、桦等树木上,在我们以往的免疫学实验中,发现其具有增强免疫功能的作用,而肠道内的正常菌群与机体的免疫功能又是呈正相关。为此我们造成实验性脾虚模型,并引起小鼠肠道内菌群紊乱,其中的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及拟杆菌菌量均下降,当服用褐多孔菌后这些菌均上升为正常水平。本实验表明,褐多孔菌不仅对免疫功能具有调节作用,而且对小鼠肠道菌群失调也具有调节功能,并对脾虚的康复具有促进作用。     

蚯蚓提取物对小鼠肿瘤动物模型的研究

目的 :研究蚯蚓提取物 (EFE)的免疫活性及抗肿瘤作用。方法 :采用小鼠移植性肿瘤S1 80 肉瘤及Heps肝癌的动物模型观察其肿瘤抑制作用。结果 :EFE对S1 80 肉瘤和Heps肝癌细胞的抑制率分别为 36 97%和 4 8 55% ;结论 :它对小鼠实体瘤细胞有明显的抑制作用 (P <0 0 1 )并提示对小鼠的细胞和体液免疫功能有显著增强作用。     

Development of the infant intestinal microbiome: A bird's eye view of a complex process

Infants undergo profound shifts in colonizing intestinal microorganisms during their first year, especially during and after birth and during weaning. Microbiota are passed to infants through the placenta, during the vaginal birth process, and from early diet and other environmental exposures. These microbiota play an active role in the development of healthy infant metabolic and immunologic systems; profound shifts in microbiotal populations can be persistent, are associated with immediate alterations in gene expression, metabolic, immunologic, and neurologic function, and with downstream metabolic and immunologic consequences such as obesity, allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and potentially neurologic conditions. Many modern exposures, including Cesarean section, formula feeding, and antibiotics, have been associated with microbiome shifts, and also with downstream diseases; while many published studies considered exposures individually, a more comprehensive understanding of their interaction and impact will consider the entirety of the infant's environment. It is not possible, nor desirable, to return to a world without toilets, sewers, tap water, delivery room antisepsis, Cesarean sections, antibiotics, immunizations, and refrigerators; our other alternative is to better understand these complex changes in infant developmental and molecular physiology. Protecting and repairing the developmental processes of the healthy infant microbiome is the modern medical frontier. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:228–239, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport

Handling of fishes in the field or in the laboratory is frequently characterized by increased susceptibility to disease thought to be mediated by immunologic suppression. In order to ascertain if such immunologic suppression occurs after stress, we developed a laboratory model for the induction of acute handling and transport stress that could reproducibly effect both haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish. Eighteen hours after the induction of stress there was a marked lymphopenia which appeared to be the result of a reduction in the number of both T and B lymphocytes in the circulation. There was also the expected neutrophilia with increases of up to 30% of the circulating leucocytes. Studies on the in vitro immunological function of the remaining circulating lymphocytes demonstrated that cells from stressed fish could no longer respond to the mitogens LPS and ConA, nor could they undergo primary anti-hapten antibody responses to either T-dependent or T-independent antigens. These losses of in vitro function could not be attributed to the presence of stress-induced suppressor cells or to a loss or diminution of accessory cell function.     

The tyrosine phosphatase CD148 is excluded from the immunologic synapse and down-regulates prolonged T cell signaling

CD148 is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase up-regulated on T cells after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. To examine the physiologic role of CD148 in TCR signaling, we used an inducible CD148-expressing Jurkat T cell clone. Expression of CD148 inhibits NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) activation induced by soluble anti-TCR antibody, but not by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) loaded with staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen (SAg) or immobilized anti-TCR antibody. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the extracellular domain of CD148 mediates its exclusion from the immunologic synapse, sequestering it from potential substrates. Targeting of the CD148 phosphatase domain to the immunologic synapse potently inhibited NFAT activation by all means of triggering through the TCR. These data lead us to propose a model where CD148 function is regulated in part by exclusion from substrates in the immunologic synapse. Upon T cell-APC disengagement, CD148 can then access and dephosphorylate substrates to down-regulate prolongation of signaling.     

Adrenergic receptors mediate stress-induced elevations in extracellular Hsp72.

Heat-shock protein concentrations in the blood increase after exposure to a variety of stressors, including trauma and psychological stress. Although the physiological function of extracellular heat shock protein remains controversial, there is evidence that extracellular heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) can facilitate immunologic responses. The signal(s) that mediate(s) the in vivo elevation of extracellular Hsp72 in the blood after stressor exposure remain(s) unknown. Here we report that Hsp72 increases in the circulation via an alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling pathway. Activation of alpha1-adrenoceptors results in a rapid increase in circulating Hsp72, and blockade of alpha1-adrenoceptors prevents the stress-induced rise in circulating Hsp72. Furthermore, our studies exclude a role for beta-adrenoceptors, glucocorticoids, and ACTH in mediating stress-induced elevations in circulating extracellular Hsp72. Understanding the signals involved in elevating extracellular Hsp72 could facilitate the use of extracellular Hsp72 to bolster immunity and perhaps prevent exacerbation of inflammatory diseases during stress.     

Evidence that Griscelli syndrome with neurological involvement is caused by mutations in RAB27A,not MYO5A

Griscelli syndrome (GS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by partial albinism, along with immunologic abnormalities or severe neurological impairment or both. Mutations in one of two different genes on chromosome 15q can cause the different subtypes of GS. Most patients with GS display the hemophagocytic syndrome and have mutations in RAB27A, which codes for a small GTPase. Two patients with neurological involvement have mutations in MYO5A, which codes for an actin-based molecular motor. The RAB27A and MYO5A gene products interact with each other and function in vesicle trafficking. We report the molecular basis of GS in a Muslim Arab kindred whose members have extremely variable neurological involvement, along with the hemophagocytic syndrome and immunologic abnormalities. The patients have normal MYO5A genes but exhibit a homozygous 67.5-kb deletion that eliminates RAB27A mRNA and immunocytofluorescence-detectable protein. We also describe the molecular organization of RAB27A and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the founder deletion in this kindred. Finally, we propose that all patients with GS have RAB27A mutations and immunologic abnormalities that sometimes result in secondary neurological involvement. The two patients described elsewhere who have MYO5A mutations and neurological complications but no immunologic defects may not have GS but instead may have Elejalde syndrome, a condition characterized by mild hypopigmentation and severe, primary neurological abnormalities.     

Lung disease in farmers.

Lung diseases in farmers attributable to their occupation include (a) farmer''s lung, caused by exposure to mouldy hay, (b) the asthma caused by exposure to grain dust and (c) silo-filler''s disease. Their prevalence in Canada is unknown. Farmer''s lung results from inhalation of mould spores in hay; the mechanism is immunologic. The exact cause and mechanism of grain dust asthma are unknown but may be immunologic. Silo-filler''s disease is caused by the toxic effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide.     

幽门螺杆菌在慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生及 发展过程中的作用

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发生及发展过程中的作用。方法对85例COPD患者(COPD组)和85例体检健康者(对照组)进行血清抗H.pylori抗体(抗Hp-IgG)检测,比较两组的抗Hp-IgG水平及H.pylori阳性率。全部COPD患者均行肺功能和免疫功能检查,分析抗Hp-IgG水平与COPD严重程度的相关性,比较合并H.pylori感染与无H.pylori感染COPD患者之间,以及合并H.pylori感染COPD患者根除H.pylori前后免疫功能的差异。结果 COPD组血清抗Hp-IgG水平和H.pylori阳性率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),FEV1%预计值与血清抗Hp-IgG水平呈负相关(P0.05)。与无H.pylori感染的COPD患者相比,合并H.pylori感染的COPD患者外周血CD_3~+和CD_4~+T细胞含量、CD_4~+/CD_8~+比值、血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)水平均明显较低(P0.05),经H.pylori根除治疗后各指标水平明显升高(P0.05)。结论 H.pylori感染可导致宿主免疫功能紊乱,可能因此促进了COPD的发生和发展。根除H.pylori可明显改善合并H.pylori感染COPD患者的免疫功能,有利于患者恢复。     

Genetik der Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory and cutaneous disorder with complex inheritance. Currently, the most important risk factor is HLA-CW0602 (and/or a factor in strong linkage disequilibrium with it). This risk allele particularly predisposes to early manifestation (<40 years) and affects the clinical course. To date, genome-wide linkage studies have provided 11 susceptibility loci, while only a few candidate genes have been identified, which bear comparably small odd ratios. Immunological approaches, therapeutic studies with antibodies against immunologic molecules, and candidate-gene-oriented association studies could delineate more aspects of the complex etiology of psoriasis. Increasingly, pathophysiologic and genetic findings converge, giving evidence that psoriasis can be characterized by misdirected immunologic regulation processes of keratinocytes and cells of the inborn and adaptive immune system.