绿脓杆菌的快速鉴定和耐药谱分型的探讨

本文用绿脓杆菌12群“O”多价血清辅以乙酰胺酶试验对临床分离的118株绿脓杆菌作了快速鉴定,2小时即可获得满意结果,与生物学鉴定的符合率达100%。对10种抗生素的药敏试验结果表明,本菌对丁胺卡那霉素和多粘菌素 B 较敏感,敏感率分别为98.31%和100%。118株菌可用8种抗生素分成20种不同的耐药谱型(A—T),其中属耐药谱 D 型(对多粘菌素、丁胺卡那霉素、新霉素敏感)的菌株在分布上最多,占28.8%(34/118)。     

光声光谱技术用于绿脓杆菌的鉴定

【目的】探索一种无创、快速、可靠、经济地鉴定绿脓杆菌的新方法。【方法】利用光声光谱技术分别对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌在35°C下培养24 h后产生的挥发性代谢产物(Bacterial volatile compounds,BVCs)进行连续检测,获得各细菌挥发性气体的光声光谱图谱,并用“逆向思维”的方法对其检测结果进行分析。【结果】利用光声光谱技术对绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌的挥发性代谢产物进行检测分析,发现绿脓杆菌产生了较高浓度的氰化氢(HCN),而大肠杆菌并未检测出HCN,据此可以对绿脓杆菌进行初步鉴定。【结论】光声光谱技术为绿脓杆菌的鉴定提供了一种简单、快速、经济的方法。为加速其在临床中的应用,提出了“三步走”方案:建立“大数据”、完善“比对算法”、创建“自动检测-比对-校对-鉴定”系统。     

表皮短杆菌ZJB-07021产R-酰胺酶培养条件的优化

采用响应面分析法(RSM)对R-酰胺酶产生菌Brevibacterium epidermidis ZJB-07021的发酵培养基进行了优化.首先运用了单因子试验筛选出了发酵培养的最佳pH与温度,在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计法,对 8 种影响产酶的因素进行评价,实验结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母粉与乙酰胺含量对菌株产酰胺酶的活力具有显著的影响.通过旋转中心组合实验考察了葡萄糖、酵母粉和乙酰胺这三个主要因素对菌株所产酰胺酶活力的影响.发酵培养基优化结果为葡萄糖 17.00 g/L,酵母粉 15.74 g/L,乙酰胺 7.05 g/L,采用优化后的发酵培养条件进行摇瓶发酵培养,酰胺酶的酶活达到 72.14 U/L,比优化前的初始发酵培养条件下的酶活提高了73.3%.     

绿脓杆菌外毒素A及其抗毒素

绿脓杆菌外毒素Ａ（ＰＥＡ）是绿脓杆菌的主要致病因子之一。本文仅就ＰＥＡ的产生、纯化、分子结构、生物学活性、检测方法，ＰＥＡ抗毒素产生，ＰＥＡ及其抗毒素的应用前景做了简要介绍。     

抗菌i－RNA没有传递特异性体液免疫活性能力的确定及其对机体免疫功能影响的研究

本实验用抗绿脓杆菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ致敏小鼠,用酶联免疫吸附试验直接检测鼠体内绿脓杆菌特异性抗体的产生,并通过电镜技术观察补体参与下的溶菌杀菌现象来间接反映体内是否有特异性抗体的产生。结果证实ｉ－ＲＮＡ没有传递特异性体液兔疫活性的能力。但小鼠体内脾细胞抗体产生能力,巨噬细胞吞噬活性,脾细胞ＮＫ活性和ＩＬ－２活性均明显高于正常鼠,提示抗菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ有佐剂活性,可以增强机体的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能。     

铜绿假单胞菌耐药机制的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌(绿脓杆菌)是目前临床上常见的致病菌,具有多重耐药的特性.多重耐药性是指绿脓杆菌同时对多种结构完全各异的药物耐药.绿脓杆菌中存在的抗菌药物主动泵出系统和生物膜形成是绿脓杆菌产生耐药的主要原因.本文综述了绿脓杆菌主动泵出系统和生物膜在耐药过程中的作用、结构、功能及表达的调节.     

自西安地区医院分离的118株绿脓杆菌的“O”血清分型（群）

血清分型是检测绿脓杆菌交叉感染和追踪其感染源的重要工具。本文用国内生产的绿脓杆菌诊断用12群“O”血清,对自西安市11所医院临床病人创面、呼吸道和尿路感染分离的118株绿脓杆菌进行了血清学分型鉴定。结果发现,118株绿脓杆菌中有115株能被“O”血清凝集,鉴定率为97.46%;有109株能被分型,分型率为92.37%。其中以血清Ⅵ.Ⅰ.Ⅲ三群菌多见,表明西安地区医院绿脓杆菌感染以这三个血清群为主。     

健康人和感染患者抗绿脓杆菌内毒素蛋白(EP)抗体水平的测定分析

用微量间接血凝法检测了健康人和绿脓杆菌感染患者血清抗EP抗体.健康人共检测154人.基础抗体水平绝大部分在1:8以下(占85.05%)EP—HA GMT为1:7.3.无性别差异(x~2=3.04、P>0.05).绿脓杆菌感染患者检测38例,免疫前GMT高于健康人1.43倍,免疫后较免疫前GMT提高4倍.绿脓杆菌EP是绿脓杆菌共同抗原,检查人抗EP抗体水平对诊断、防治绿脓杆菌感染具有重要临床意义.     

绿脓杆菌感染肺炎大鼠模型中的PCR检测方法及IL23的动态变化

目的:探讨PCR技术在绿脓杆菌感染肺炎大鼠模型中进行检测的方法可行性以及大鼠体内IL23的表达水平变化。方法:将健康SD大鼠随机分为3组,空白对照组、实验对照组和肺炎感染组。在绿脓杆菌肺炎模型建立后,设计绿脓杆菌的特异性引物,进行3组大鼠体内绿脓杆菌感染的PCR鉴定,并用qPCR和ELISA技术检测大鼠体内IL23水平变化。结果:①PCR技术检测到肺炎大鼠模型中的绿脓杆菌,其中肺组织检出率为100%,而对照组的PCR结果是阴性。②绿脓杆菌感染肺炎大鼠模型建立后,大鼠的IL23 m RNA逐渐上升,在第3天达到最高值,相比对照组,有显著差异(分别是60852.9±1474.2和1987.7±246.4拷贝,P0.05);血清中的IL23蛋白水平也逐渐上升,在第1周到达最高值,相比对照组,有显著差异(分别是297.4±14.7和123.8±18.3pg/m L,P0.05)。结论:本研究建立了大鼠体内的高特异性、快速、简便绿脓杆菌感染检测PCR方法,发现大鼠IL23在绿脓杆菌感染后显著升高,在绿脓杆菌肺炎和IL23之间建立了联系。     

抗菌i—RNA没有传递异性体液免疫活性能力的确定及其对机体免疫功…

本实验用抗绿脓杆菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ致敏小鼠,用栈联免疫吸附试验直接检测鼠体内绿脓杆菌特异性抗体的产生,并通过电镜技术观察补体参与下的溶菌杀菌现象来间接反映体内是否有特异性抗体的产生。结果证实ｉ－ＲＮＡ没有传递特异性体液免疫活性的能力。提示抗菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ有佐剂活性,可以增强机体的体液免疫功能和细菌免疫功能。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.