Photosynthesis,Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Caragana microphylla,C. intermedia,and C. korshinskii

In the order C. microphylla — C. intermedia — C. korshinskii, compensation irradiance, saturation irradiance, and optimum temperature for photosynthesis increased, net photosynthetic rate (P _N) at low irradiance and low temperature decreased, optimum air humidity decreased, and P _N at low air humidity increased. Daily cumulative value of P _N increased while daily cumulative value of transpiration (E) decreased, and hence water use efficiency (WUE =P _N/E) increased. Diurnal course of P _N of C. microphylla was a double-peak curve, but the second peak in the curves of C. intermedia and C. korshinskii was not visible. These physiological characteristics are biological basis for the geographical distribution of these three Caragana species, and are in relation to water conditions of their habitats and distinctiveness in leaf hair of plant.     

Acclimation of winter wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>, cv. Yangmai 13) to low levels of solar irradiance

Winter wheat is a grass species widely planted in northern and central China, where the increase of aerosols, air pollutants and population density are causing significant reduction in solar irradiance. In order to investigate the adaptation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Yangmai 13) to low irradiance conditions occurring in the downstream plain of the Yangtze River (China), plants were subjected to four solar irradiance treatments (100%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of environmental incident solar irradiance). Significant increases in chlorophyll (Chl) and xanthophyll (Xan) pigments, and decreases in Chl a/b and Xan/Chl ratios were observed in plants under low light. Light-response curves showed higher net photosynthetic rates (P _N) in fully irradiated plants, that also showed a higher light-compensation point. Shaded plants maintained high values of minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted state (F_o) and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m) that assess a lower degree of photoinhibition under low light. Reduced irradiance caused decreases in effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Φ_PSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (q_N), and the promotion of excitation pressure of PSII (1 − q_P). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were high under reduced light whereas no light-dependent changes in catalase activity were observed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species content and electrolyte leakage decreased under shaded plants that showed a lower photooxidative damage. The results suggest that winter wheat cv. Yangmai 13 is able to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency under reduced solar irradiance and acclimates well to shading tolerance. The photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of winter wheat to low light levels could be important for winter wheat cultivation and productivity.     

Photosynthetic characterization of three dominant plant species in the saline–alkaline soil of the Yellow River Delta,China

The diurnal variations of photosynthesis of three dominant species, including Glycine soja, Phragmites australis, and Cynanchum chinensis, in the Yellow River Delta in China have been studied under the same natural conditions using a Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that the curves of diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate (P_N) of the three plants were different. The diurnal variation of P_N on C. chinensis was a midday depression pattern and had two peaks. However, P_N of G. soja and P. australis showed single-peak curves. The transpiration rate (E) of G. soja was significantly higher than that of P. australis and C. chinensis, both showed single-peak curves. In general, the diurnal course of stomatal conductance (g_s) followed the same pattern of P_N. A similar diurnal pattern of intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and water use efficiency (WUE) was observed among different species. VPD showed single-peak curves, while WUE was characterized by double-peak curves, which was contrary to C_i. Linear correlations among photosynthetic variables and key environmental factors indicate high positive correlations between P_N and E, P_N and photosynthetic active radiation, P_N and leaf temperature (T_leaf), P_N and VPD, and between P_N and g_s except C. chinensis. Negative correlations among P_N and relative humidity, P_N and C_i were found. The irradiance response curves derived from the leaves were substantially affected by different species. C. chinensis showed highest apparent quantum efficiency, followed by P. australis and G. soja, while apparent dark respiration (R_d), convexity (k), light saturation point, and maximum gross CO₂ assimilation rate (P_max) of G. soja were higher than those of P. australis and C. chinensis. The irradiance response curve of P_N and WUE of different plant species followed the same order: G. soja>C. chinensis>P. australis. They were both higher than most of other species. It was concluded that plant species adapting to the saline–alkaline habitat showed higher photosynthesis. In addition, G. soja is also effective to improve saline–alkaline soil quality.     

Chain Correlation between Variables of Gas Exchange and Yield Potential in Different Winter Wheat Cultivars

Variables of gas exchange of flag leaves and grain yield potentials of five representative winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars varied greatly across different development stages under the same management and irrigation. The cultivars with high yield potential had higher net photosynthetic rate (P _N), PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) saturated photosynthetic rate (P _sat), stomatal conductance (g _s), and maximum apparent quantum yield of CO₂ fixation (_m,app) than those with low grain yield, but their dark respiration rate (R _D) and compensation irradiance (I _c) were remarkably lower. Compared with overall increase of yield potential of 71 % from low yield cultivars to high yield ones, P _N, P _sat, _m,app, and g _s were 13, 19, 57, and 32 % higher, respectively; but R _D and I _c decreased by 19 and 76 %, respectively. Such difference was evidently large during anthesis stage (e.g., P _N by 33 %), which indicated that this period could be the best for assisting further selection for better cultivars. However, transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) differed only little. At different development stages, especially at anthesis, P _N and P _sat were positively correlated with _m,app, g _s, and yield potential, and negatively correlated with R _D and I _c. Thus the high-yield-potential winter wheat cultivars possess many better characters in photosynthesis and associated parameters than the low-yield cultivars.     

Bt抗虫棉秸秆还田对土壤养分特征的影响

【目的】研究转基因作物秸秆或残茬还田可能对土壤养分特性造成的影响。【方法】以不同抗虫水平Bt棉花和常规棉花(泗棉3号)为研究材料,分别在经过一、二个生长周期后将秸秆机械粉碎后原位还田,40 d后测定分析土壤中Bt蛋白含量及肥力相关的养分含量变化。【结果】Bt棉秸秆还田后,所有品种棉花土壤中Bt蛋白含量与还田前无显著增加,且转Bt基因棉与非转基因棉还田对土壤Bt蛋白含量的影响并无显著差异。同时,棉秸秆还田可显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷和全钾含量,提升土壤pH值;增加幅度在不同抗虫水平Bt棉花间及与非转基因常规棉花品种间皆无显著性差异。【结论】秸秆还田对土壤肥力的提升与Bt棉的抗虫水平无关。“转Bt基因”不成为Bt棉秸秆还田提高土壤肥力的限制性因素,其秸秆还田不会对土壤肥力质量产生负面影响,可使土壤养分含量增加,有效提升土壤肥力。秸秆原位还田简单、无害又提升肥力,有条件作为转Bt基因植物秸秆无害化处理的理想方式。     

Influence of irradiance on photosynthesis and PSII photochemical efficiency in maize during short-term exposure at high CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentration

This work aimed to evaluate if gas exchange and PSII photochemical activity in maize are affected by different irradiance levels during short-term exposure to elevated CO₂. For this purpose gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured on maize plants grown at ambient CO₂ concentration (control CO₂) and exposed for 4 h to short-term treatments at 800 μmol(CO₂) mol⁻¹ (high CO₂) at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of either 1,000 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (control light) or 1,900 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (high light). At control light, high-CO₂ leaves showed a significant decrease of net photosynthetic rate (P _N) and a rise in the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO₂ concentration (C _i/C _a) and water-use efficiency (WUE) compared to control CO₂ leaves. No difference between CO₂ concentrations for PSII effective photochemistry (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching (q_p) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was detected. Under high light, high-CO₂ leaves did not differ in P _N, C _i/C _a, Φ_PSII and NPQ, but showed an increase of WUE. These results suggest that at control light photosynthetic apparatus is negatively affected by high CO₂ concentration in terms of carbon gain by limitations in photosynthetic dark reaction rather than in photochemistry. At high light, the elevated CO₂ concentration did not promote an increase of photosynthesis and photochemistry but only an improvement of water balance due to increased WUE.     

Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI Cotton on Non-Target Mealybug Pest Ferrisia virgata and Its Predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Recently, several invasive mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) have rapidly spread to Asia and have become a serious threat to the production of cotton including transgenic cotton. Thus far, studies have mainly focused on the effects of mealybugs on non-transgenic cotton, without fully considering their effects on transgenic cotton and trophic interactions. Therefore, investigating the potential effects of mealybugs on transgenic cotton and their key natural enemies is vitally important. A first study on the effects of transgenic cotton on a non-target mealybug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was performed by comparing its development, survival and body weight on transgenic cotton leaves expressing Cry1Ac (Bt toxin) + CpTI (Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor) with those on its near-isogenic non-transgenic line. Furthermore, the development, survival, body weight, fecundity, adult longevity and feeding preference of the mealybug predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was assessed when fed F. virgata maintained on transgenic cotton. In order to investigate potential transfer of Cry1Ac and CpTI proteins via the food chain, protein levels in cotton leaves, mealybugs and ladybirds were quantified. Experimental results showed that F. virgata could infest this bivalent transgenic cotton. No significant differences were observed in the physiological parameters of the predator C. montrouzieri offered F. virgata reared on transgenic cotton or its near-isogenic line. Cry1Ac and CpTI proteins were detected in transgenic cotton leaves, but no detectable levels of both proteins were present in the mealybug or its predator when reared on transgenic cotton leaves. Our bioassays indicated that transgenic cotton poses a negligible risk to the predatory coccinellid C. montrouzieri via its prey, the mealybug F. virgata.     

Mineral element distribution in organs of dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cotton seedling

Abstract

Being a new cultivar, the physiology of transgenic cotton, especially dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cotton, is not yet completely understood. Twelve elements in three organs of dual-toxin transgenic cotton seedlings were analyzed by ICP-MS. The distributions of the 12 elements were substantially different from those of non-transgenic cotton. In particular, the contents of B, Mg, P, K and Ca were the highest in leaves, while those of Si, Fe, Rb and Cu were the highest in roots; other elements had similar contents in the two organs, which were higher than those in the stem. Compared with non-transgenic cotton, the 12 elements could be classified into four groups according to their contents and distributions in the three organs: (a) P, K and Cu: their contents in transgenic cotton were remarkably lower, especially contents of P and K in leaves that were one times lower than those in leaves of non-transgenic cotton; (b) B, Mg and Mo: their contents in leaves and roots of transgenic cotton were higher, but lower in stems, compared with non-transgenic cotton; (c) Si, Mn, Fe, Rb and Zn: compared with non-transgenic cotton, these were lower in leaves and stems, but higher in roots of transgenic cotton; and (d) Ca: compared with non-transgenic cotton, its content was higher in all three organs of the transgenic counterpart. The decrease in soluble proteins and the expression of Bt and CpTI genes could be responsible for these changes. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.     

Field evaluation of effects of transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">cry1Ab/cry1Ac,cry1C</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">cry2A</Emphasis> rice on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</Emphasis> and its arthropod predators

The impacts of transgenic Bt rice on target pests and their predators need to be clarified prior to the commercialization of Bt rice. In this study, the percentages of folded leaves of three transgenic Bt rice lines and non-transgenic parental rice line caused by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied over two successive growing seasons. In addition, the population densities, relative abundance and population dynamics of C. medinalis and four species of its natural arthropod predators were investigated at three sites in China. The results showed that rice line significantly affected the percentages of folded leaves and population densities of C. medinalis larvae. Significantly higher percentages of folded leaves were observed on the non-transgenic rice compared with the three transgenic Bt rice on most sampling dates. Significantly higher densities of C. medinalis larvae and higher relative abundance of C. medinalis within phytophages were found on non-transgenic rice compared with three transgenic Bt rice at different sites across the study period. The population dynamics of C. medinalis larvae were significantly affected by rice line, rice line×sampling date, rice line×year, rice line×sampling date×year. However, there was little, if any, significant difference in the relative abundance, population density and population dynamics of the four arthropod predators between the three Bt rice lines and non-transgenic rice. The results of this study indicate that the Bt toxin in transgenic Bt rice can effectively suppress the occurrence of C. medinalis, but has no significant effects on the occurrence of the four predatory arthropod species.     

Compensatory effects of elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentration on the inhibitory effects of high temperature and irradiance on photosynthetic gas exchange in carrots

We determined the interactive effects of irradiance, elevated CO₂ concentration (EC), and temperature in carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus). Plants of the cv. Red Core Chantenay (RCC) were grown in a controlled environmental plant growth room and exposed to 3 levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (400, 800, 1 200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), 3 leaf chamber temperatures (15, 20, 30 °C), and 2 external CO₂ concentrations (C _a), AC and EC (350 and 750 μmol mol⁻¹, respectively). Rates of net photosynthesis (P _N) and transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g _s ) were measured, along with water use efficiency (WUE) and ratio of internal and external CO₂ concentrations (C _i/C _a). P _N revealed an interactive effect between PAR and C _a. As PAR increased so did P _N under both C _a regimes. The g _s showed no interactive effects between the three parameters but had singular effects of temperature and PAR. E was strongly influenced by the combination of PAR and temperature. WUE was interactively affected by all three parameters. Maximum WUE occurred at 15 °C and 1 200 μmol m⁻² s^{− 1} PAR under EC. The C _i /C _a was influenced independently by temperature and C _a. Hence photosynthetic responses are interactively affected by changes in irradiance, external CO₂ concentration, and temperature. EC significantly compensates the inhibitory effects of high temperature and irradiance on P _N and WUE.     

Leaf diaheliotropic movement can improve carbon gain and water use efficiency and not intensify photoinhibition in upland cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.)

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can move leaves to track the sun throughout the day, so-called leaf diaheliotropic movement. This paper reports an experimental test of the hypothesis that leaf diaheliotropic movement in upland cotton can enhance carbon assimilation and not increase the risk of stress from high energy load. In this experiment, cotton leaves were divided into two groups: one was that leaves could track the sun freely; another was that leaves were retained to the horizontal position. The diaheliotropic leaves recorded higher incident irradiance than the restrained ones, especially in the morning and late afternoon. Compared with restrained leaves, diaheliotropic leaves were generally warmer throughout the day. As expected, diaheliotropic leaves had significantly higher diurnal time courses of net photosynthetic rate (P _N) than restrained leaves, except during 14:00–18:00 of the local time. Higher instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) was observed in diaheliotropic leaves in the early morning and late afternoon than in the restrained leaves. During the given day, diaheliotropic and restrained leaves had similar diurnal time courses of recovery of maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m). Diaheliotropic leaves recorded lower or similar photochemical quenching coefficient (q_p) than restrained leaves did throughout the day. These results suggest that cotton leaf diaheliotropic movement can improve carbon gain and water use efficiency and not intensify photoinhibition.     

光响应曲线的指数改进模型与常用模型比较

光响应曲线的参数是研究植物生理状态的重要指标, 常用的光响应曲线模型无法准确地计算出光饱和点和最大净光合速率。该文利用光响应曲线新模型——指数改进模型、直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型、非直角双曲线模型和指数模型, 拟合高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、苋(Amaranthus tricolor)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和半夏(Pinellia ternata)的光响应曲线, 并随机选取部分数据进行检验, 得到了各模型计算出的主要生理参数, 并对这些数据进行了比较分析, 讨论了各模型之间的优缺点和准确性, 描述了C₃、C₄植物光响应的适宜性。结果表明, 基于C₃植物得到的指数改进模型和直角双曲线修正模型能较准确地计算出C₃、C₄植物饱和光强和最大净光合速率, 并在描述光响应曲线时比另外3个模型具有更高的精确性和适宜性。实验结果可为光响应曲线模型在C₃和C₄光合途径植物中的应用提供参考。     

Crop dominance exerts specific effects on foliage‐dwelling arthropods in Bacillus thuringiensis cotton

相似文献   

Photosynthetic responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to combined effects of drought and exogenous methyl jasmonate

Drought stress limits wheat growth and productivity. The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to different water supply conditions (well-watered and drought-stressed) and exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA; 0 and 0.25 μM) was studied. The application of MeJA enhanced wheat adaptability to drought stress by physiological and metabolic adjustments. Drought stress reduced net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate (E), and water-use efficiency (WUE) in wheat. The application of exogenous MeJA decreased also g _s and E, but stimulated WUE. Meanwhile, MeJA mitigated the decline of P _N, g _s, and WUE induced by drought stress and midday depression by 6–183%. Both drought stress and exogenous MeJA induced stomatal closure, which improved water status and delayed plant senescence. MeJA enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and reduced malondialdehyde content. P _N-PAR response curves showed that MeJA mitigated the decline of maximum P _N, apparent quantum yield, and saturation irradiance, and the increase of compensation irradiance. Drought stress and exogenous MeJA increased dark respiration rate and showed an additive effect. These results indicated that 0.25 μM MeJA enhanced the photosynthesis under drought stress mainly by improving the water status and antioxidant capacity of wheat.     

盐碱旱地转Bt基因抗虫棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群消长动态

【目的】近年来,我国长江流域和黄河流域棉花面积锐减,种植区域向滨海盐碱地或干旱地转移。研究盐碱旱地转基因棉田与非转基因棉田昆虫群落差异,可为盐碱旱地对转基因棉田生物影响和盐碱旱地转基因棉田害虫防治提供理论指导。【方法】在山东东营和河北枣强盐碱干旱地转Bt基因棉田分别设置常规施药田和非施药田,进行了系统的田间昆虫种群消长动态的调查和统计分析。【结果】中轻度盐碱旱地种植转基因棉花对靶标害虫棉铃虫具有较好的控制作用;与非转基因棉花相比,对其他非靶标害虫棉蚜、烟粉虱和盲蝽及自然天敌龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛种群数量无显著影响,草蛉种群数量在转基因棉田低于非转基因棉田;喷施化学农药对棉铃虫幼虫和棉蚜的防治作用较好,对烟粉虱和盲蝽的防治效果年度间和试验点间有差异,对龟纹瓢虫的杀伤力较大,对草间小黑蛛和草蛉未见明显影响。【结论】盐碱旱地对棉田不同的害虫和天敌影响不同,且转基因棉田与非转基因棉田昆虫群落结构与对照棉田无显著差异。     

Evolution characteristics related to photosynthesis,growth and yield in some old and new cotton cultivars

Changes in photosynthetic attributes related to genetic improvement of cotton yield were studied in seven Chinese cotton cultivars widely grown in Xinjiang during the past 30 years. Our results showed that a chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthetic rate (P _N) of the 1980s cultivar was the highest among all after 60 days from planting (DAP). However, after 75 DAP, the Chl content, P _N, and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII of the old cultivars declined gradually, whereas those of the new cultivars remained relatively high. Compared to the old cultivars, leaves of the new cultivars endured a longer period and their senescence was slower, shoot and boll dry mass was higher, but the root to shoot ratio was lower. The lint yield of the 2000s cultivars was 14.7 and 21.4% higher than that of 1990s and 1980s cultivars, respectively. The high yield of the new cultivars was attributed to a greater number of bolls per unit of area with high lint percentage. We suggested that the improved photosynthetic capacity and the increased ability to deliver photosynthates to reproductive sites during the peak boll-setting stage to boll-opening stage were the key physiological basis in the evolution process of cotton cultivars from 1980s to 2000s for the cotton yield improvement within a short growing period.     

转Bt基因抗虫棉叶面可培养微生物多样性的变化

在大田栽培条件下,以转Bt基因抗虫棉GK-12和常规棉泗棉3号为材料,在棉花的苗期、现蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期分别测定棉花叶面细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量变化,并在花铃期和吐絮期对叶面细菌生理群的数量和多样性进行分析.结果表明：棉花叶面可培养微生物数量与其生长发育呈正相关,叶面可培养微生物的数量一般由苗期开始增多,到花铃期达最高峰,吐絮期明显减少;花铃期转Bt基因抗虫棉叶面细菌生理群Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度比常规棉升高,吐絮期比常规棉下降.     

A mathematical model for describing light-response curves in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nicotiana tabacum</Emphasis> L.

A modified exponential model was used to describe light-response curves of Nicotiana tabacum L. The accuracies of an exponential model, a nonrectangular hyperbola model, a rectangular hyperbola model, a modified rectangular hyperbola model and the modified exponential model were evaluated by Mean square error (MSE) and Mean absolute error (MAE). The tests MSE and MAE of the modified exponential model were the lowest among the five models. The light saturation point (LSP) obtained by the exponential model, the nonrectangular hyperbola model and the rectangular hyperbola model were much lower than the measured values, and the maximum net photosynthetic rates (P _max) calculated from these models, were greater than the measured values. P _max at LSP of 1,077 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ calculated by the modified exponential model was 12.34 μmol(CO₂) m⁻² s⁻¹, which was more accurate than the values obtained from the modified rectangular hyperbola model. The results show that the modified exponential model is superior to other models for describing light-response curves.     

Increased glycine betaine synthesis and salinity tolerance in AhCMO transgenic cotton lines

Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant that plays an important role and accumulates rapidly in many plants during salinity or drought stress. Choline monooxygenase (CMO) is a major catalyst in the synthesis of glycine betaine. In our previous study, a CMO gene (AhCMO) cloned from Atriplex hortensis was introduced into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) via Agrobacterium mediation to enhance resistance to salinity stress. However, there is little or no knowledge of the salinity tolerance of the transgenic plants, particularly under saline-field conditions. In the present study, two transgenic AhCMO cotton lines of the T₃ generation were used to study the AhCMO gene expression, and to determine their salinity tolerance in both greenhouse and field under salinity stress. Molecular analysis confirmed that the transgenic plants expressed the AhCMO gene. Greenhouse study showed that on average, seedlings of the transgenic lines accumulated 26 and 131% more glycine betaine than those of non-transgenic plants (SM3) under normal and salt-stress (150 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl) conditions, respectively. The osmotic potential, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation were significantly lower in leaves of the transgenic lines than in those of SM3 after salt stress. The net photosynthesis rate and Fv/Fm in transgenic cotton leaves were less affected by salinity than in non-transgenic cotton leaves. Therefore, transgenic cotton over-expressing AhCMO was more tolerant to salt stress due to elevated accumulation of glycine betaine, which provided greater protection of the cell membrane and photosynthetic capacity than in non-transgenic cotton. The seed cotton yield of the transgenic plants was lower under normal conditions, but was significantly higher than that of non-transgenic plants under salt-stressed field conditions. The results indicate that over-expression of AhCMO in cotton enhanced salt stress tolerance, which is of great value in cotton production in the saline fields.     

转大肠杆菌过氧化氢酶基因棉花的抗旱生理研究

以导入大肠杆菌过氧化氢酶基因KatE的T3代转基因棉花为供试材料,经卡那霉素检测和PCR鉴定,将筛选出的阳性转基因植株与对照棉花进行整个生育期的持续水分胁迫处理直至收获,比较材料间的生理生化指标的差异,鉴定转基因植株的耐旱能力。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫持续至初蕾期时,转基因棉花与对照植株间各项抗旱生理指标差异均未达到显著水平。(2)水分胁迫持续至盛蕾和盛花期时,转基因棉花叶片相对含水量、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、CAT活性,以及叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均显著或极显著高于对照植株,叶绿素含量也都明显高于对照植株。干旱胁迫持续至吐絮期时,转基因棉花的株高、果枝数和铃数均显著或极显著高于对照植株,且转基因棉花和对照的籽棉产量分别比正常灌溉处理降低57.5%和60.1%,全生育期的水分胁迫严重影响了棉花籽棉产量,但转基因棉花的籽棉产量仍显著高于对照。研究表明,在新疆石河子当地自然降水(干旱胁迫)条件下,转KatE基因棉花表现出了较好的生理和生长优势,KatE基因有助于提高棉花的抗旱性。