用共振喇曼光谱研究血卟啉衍生笺对紫膜菌紫质的光敏作用

本文用准共振喇曼光谱作为研究光动力损伤过程的探讨，从分子水平上研究了光敏剂血卟啉衍生物与紫膜菌紫质的作用。在观察到损伤现象的基础上对损伤部位进行了定位。初步确定生色团视黄醛中Ｃ－Ｃ和Ｃ＝Ｃ等键为其易受损部位。     

紫背天葵中营养成分及总黄酮分析

对食、药两用植物紫背天葵营养成分和总黄酮进行了研究 ,结果显示紫背天葵各种营养成分齐全且丰富 ,其中总氨基酸质量分数达 1 3.0 3% ,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的 4 4 .1 3%。含人体必需的无机元素 1 2种 ,人体必需的微量元素 7种。植物中正丁醇提取部位的总黄酮含量为 0 .4 1 %。这些研究为人们认识紫背天葵的营养和药用价值 ,充分开发利用祖国的植物资源提供参考     

紫锥菊挥发性成分分析研究

采用气-质(GC-MS)联用技术结合顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与传统共水蒸馏法,对紫锥菊植物干花与干根中挥发性成分进行分析方法研究。GC-MS(配N ist2005标准质谱库)从传统方法提取的紫锥菊干根挥发油中分离分析出188个峰,初步鉴定出68种化合物,从聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS 7,100μm)及聚丙烯酸酯(PA 85μm)三种固相微萃取涂层吸附的紫锥菊干花挥发性成分中分别分离分析出27、118、105个峰,各自鉴定出1、22、23种化合物。对不同处理方法及紫锥菊植物不同部位所得数据进行了相识性与差异性的比较,所建分析方法及所得结果为了解紫锥菊植物体挥发性有效成分提供了参考。     

蜂毒突变体对紫膜质子泵功能的影响

具有光驱动质子泵功能的嗜盐菌紫膜是一种被广泛研究的生物膜系统。利用毫秒级闪光动力学谱仪研究蜂毒不同突变体对紫膜质子泵功能的影响。实验采用对硝基苯酚（ｐ－ｎｉｔｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌ）作为ＰＨ敏感染料来研究紫膜蛋白－菌紫质（Ｂａｃｔｅｒｉｏｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｉｎ,简称）的光反应和质子泵功能。在初步的实验中发现,在一定的温度范围内,光循环过程随着温度的升高而加快,质子泵功能却基本保持不变。另外,由于蜂毒突变体具有不同的插膜特性和不同的电荷量,通过比较它们对ＢＲ质子泵功能的影响,揭示了蜂毒小肽Ｃ端和Ｎ端的不同带电状态对质子泵功能所起的作用不同。实验结果有力地证实了蜂毒或其突变体与菌紫质蛋白具有直接的相互作用,这种相互作用的强弱与蜂毒突变体电荷的多少密切相关     

牙髓紫卟啉菌内毒素对炎症性细胞因子的介导作用

牙髓紫叶琳菌ＡＴＣＣ３５４０６是近年来新发现的重要致病性专性厌氧菌,采用改良酚－氯仿－石油醚法提取牙髓紫卟啉菌ＡＴＣＣ３５４０６内毒素脂多糖,通过Ｋｒａｍｅｒ测定法、软琼脂细胞培养法以及胸腺细胞增殖法测定脂多糖的细胞生物学活性。结果显示：纯化脂多糖可不同程度地诱导小鼠模型生成肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）和白介素－１（ＩＬ－１）,并在一定范围内呈剂量依赖型,提示牙髓紫卟啉菌内毒素在动物模型和细胞模型中具有显著的细胞生物学和免疫学活性．     

菌紫质的Ser和Lys残基修饰对BR结构和功能的影响

用化学修饰研究了菌紫质（ＢＲ）的结构和功能的变化。用氮氧自由基分别对赖氨酸和丝氨酸进行修饰,研究结果表明在圆二色谱上（ＣＤ谱）,与天然紫膜样品比较,两种自由基分别修饰赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ）和丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）残基２４小时后的ＣＤ谱中均只有负峰,分别在５９６ｎｍ和６０２ｎｍ,５３５ｎｍ的正峰已消失,７２小时后５３５ｎｍ的正峰部分地恢复,但１２０小时后均未见进一步恢复。与未修饰的紫膜相比,两种自由基修饰的紫膜在Ｒａｍａｎ光谱上观察到中间体Ｍ４１２的相对量要明显增加。本文对这二种化学修饰引起的ＢＲ结构和功能变化进行了初步讨论。     

海拔高度对暗紫贝母叶特征的影响

为探索海拔高度对暗紫贝母(Fritillaria unibracteata)叶特征的影响,该研究在岷江上游的卡卡山北坡设置低、中、高三个海拔部位,并在高、低部位之间进行植株的移栽试验,并测定每个部位植株的叶寿命、气孔密度和长度、单叶面积及比叶面积等叶特征。结果表明:(1)叶寿命从低海拔部位的121.3 d,到高海拔部位的108.5 d,缩减了大约13 d。(2)从低海拔到高海拔,气孔密度逐渐升高,低海拔部位只有48.5number·mm~(-2),高海拔部位与之相比增加了42.8%。(3)而气孔长度则随海拔升高而降低,从低海拔部位的82.4μm到高海拔的71.3μm,降低了13.5%。(4)从低海拔到高海拔,单叶面积和比叶面积都逐渐增加,其中单叶面积由低海拔部位的1.61×10~(-4)m~2到高海拔部位的2.20×10~(-4)m~2,增加了36.6%;比叶面积则由低海拔部位的7.7×10~(-4)m~2·kg~(-1)到高海拔部位的12.5×10~(-4)m~2·kg~(-1),增加了62.3%。(5)另外,同一海拔部位的对照植株和移栽植株之间叶特征并无显著差异;植株在移栽后总是表现出移栽后所在部位对照植株的特点,而没有表现出移栽前所在部位对照植株的特点。综上结果表明,海拔高度对暗紫贝母叶特征影响显著,暗紫贝母的叶特征在海拔梯度上具有较大的可塑性。     

菌紫质膜对315nm辐照的光反应

利用仪器本身的测量光束３１５ｎｍ光照对紫膜薄膜中菌紫质的光反应的影响的ＣＤ谱研究说明：３１５ｎｍ的近紫外光可以激发薄膜中菌紫质的光反应,３１５ｎｍ与４０８ｎｍ、３３５ｎｍ光激发的光反应变化类型一致,但与５６８ｎｍ光激发的反应变化类型不一致;３１５ｎｍ光激发的光反应与菌紫质的初始样品状态有关,与菌紫质所处的分子状态的分布有关,而不是直接与初始样品状态存在的表现条件有关。结果认为利用包括近ＵＶ光在内的不同光照条件来调控ＢＲ的光反应是有可能的。     

光敏蛋白菌紫质固相支撑人工膜系统的界面电荷

以固相支撑的菌紫质人工膜系统,在分子电子器件研究中占有重要地位。本文对其两种类型,Ｎ固相型和Ｃ固相型的界面电荷进行了研究,并提出了相关的模型。     

紫膜菌紫质分子的光生物物理学研究

本文介绍了紫膜细菌视紫红质的微观结构,质子泵功能和光循环过程,及其菌紫质分子中发色团和蛋白质相互作用(结合位点)的几种光谱研究,最后讨论了菌紫质分子原初事件量子产率的双重性和相应的分子动力学模型。     

血卟啉衍生物（HPD）对紫膜菌紫质（bR）的光敏化作用

研究了血卟啉衍生物（ＨＰＤ）对嗜盐菌紫膜上蛋白质菌紫质（ｂＲ）的光敏化作用,结果表明,ＨＰＤ与紫膜结合并不影响ｂＲ的光学性质及活性;但经光照射、ＨＰＤ光敏反应后,ｂＲ丧失光循环活性。进一步的探测显示ｂＲ中的视黄醛色素团及色氨酸均在光敏反应中受损,反映了除视黄醛色素团有可能直接受损外,深埋于折叠蛋白内部的部分色氨酸残基。亦可能在ＨＰＤ光敏化过程中被损伤。实验证明,单线态氧（＾１Ｏ２）的作用是ＨＰＤ光     

Expression of C3b receptors on human be cells and myelomonocytic cells but not natural killer cells

We have examined natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and myelomonocytic cells at different stages of differentiation for the expression of surface C3b receptors (C3bR). Receptor presence was detected using affinity-purified F(ab')2 anti-C3bR antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. NK cells, identified in fetal and adult tissues by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1, were C3bR- except for infrequent C3bR+ HNK-1+ cells in some blood samples. NK cells were not induced to express C3bR by exposure to interferon, target cells, or phorbol myristate acetate. B cells gradually acquired the ability to express C3bR with maturity: 15% of large pre-B cells were C3bR+, 35 to 48% of small pre-B, 60 to 80% of immature B, and 99% of mature B cells. Mature plasma cells were rarely C3bR+. Myelomonocytic cells acquire C3bR relatively late during their development, with neutrophils beginning to express C3bR during the band stage of differentiation. All adult blood myelomonocytic lineage cells, identified by the monoclonal antibody MMA and by morphology, were C3bR+.     

Polymorphism of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1): characterization of a fourth allele

The receptor for C3b/C4b (C3bR or CR1) has an unusual polymorphism in which three codominant alleles determine variants with a large difference in Mr (160,000, 190,000, or 220,000). We found an individual who has, in addition to the common 190,000 Mr molecule, a C3bR whose Mr is 250,000. In this proband and in some members of his family, this novel heterozygous phenotype can be isolated from 125I surface-labeled cells by iC3 or iC4 affinity chromatography or by immunoprecipitation with the use of polyclonal or monoclonal anti-C3bR. Relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR, E from individuals in this family have 20 to 30% of the total receptor counts in the 250,000 Mr C3bR. However, on C3bR-bearing leukocytes there is a much larger amount of the 250,000 Mr C3bR (approximately 60%) relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR. Similar to the other three C3bR variants, the Mr is 5,000 greater on polymorphonuclear cells than on E, and treatment of this new C3bR with endoglycosidase F decreases its Mr by approximately 10,000. Therefore, because this variant is inherited and has structural and functional similarities to the other three C3bR, we conclude that this 250,000 Mr CR1 probably represents a fourth allele.     

Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblast cells induces a receptor for C3b

We recently demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) induces a receptor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells for complement component C3b (C3bR). We assigned this receptor function to HSV 1 viral glycoprotein C (gC) based on several observations: tunicamycin, which prevents glycosylation and expression of N-linked glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells, markedly reduced expression of the C3bR; monoclonal antibodies to HSV 1 gC blocked detection of the C3bR, whereas monoclonal antibodies to other HSV 1 glycoproteins (gB, gD, gE) had no effect; and the MP mutant of HSV 1, which fails to express gC, did not induce C3bR. We now report that HSV 1 induces C3bR on a wide variety of cell types including bovine thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery endothelial cells, human embryonic lung and embryonic foreskin fibroblasts, and human embryonic kidney cells. To date, all cells studied that are permissive to HSV 1 express C3bR, although the pattern of rosetting of C3b-coated erythrocytes varies among the cell strains examined. We also demonstrate that C3bR expression is not a general response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to injury, because three other viruses (adenovirus 7, measles, and mumps) do not induce C3bR after infection of these cells. Previously we had shown that among herpes simplex viruses, a variety of HSV 1 strains induce C3bR, whereas HSV 2 strains do not. We now demonstrate that other herpes family viruses (CMV and VZV) do not express C3bR. Therefore, C3bR expression appears to be unique for HSV 1 and occurs on a wide variety of cells permissive to this virus.     

Structure and protein environment of the retinal chromophore in light- and dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin studied by solid-state NMR

Our previous solid-state 13C NMR studies on bR have been directed at characterizing the structure and protein environment of the retinal chromophore in bR568 and bR548, the two components of the dark-adapted protein. In this paper, we extend these studies by presenting solid-state NMR spectra of light-adapted bR (bR568) and examining in more detail the chemical shift anisotropy of the retinal resonances near the ionone ring and Schiff base. Magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C NMR spectra were obtained of bR568, regenerated with retinal specifically 13C labeled at positions 12-15, which allowed assignment of the resonances observed in the dark-adapted bR spectrum. Of particular interest are the assignments of the 13C-13 and 13C-15 resonances. The 13C-15 chemical resonance for bR568 (160.0 ppm) is upfield of the 13C-15 resonance for bR548 (163.3 ppm). This difference is attributed to a weaker interaction between the Schiff base and its associated counterion in bR568. The 13C-13 chemical shift for bR568 (164.8 ppm) is close to that of the all-trans-retinal protonated Schiff base (PSB) model compound (approximately 162 ppm), while the 13C-13 resonance for bR548 (168.7 ppm) is approximately 7 ppm downfield of that of the 13-cis PSB model compound. The difference in the 13C-13 chemical shift between bR568 and bR548 is opposite that expected from the corresponding 15N chemical shifts of the Schiff base nitrogen and may be due to conformational distortion of the chromophore in the C13 = C14-C15 bonds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Solid state NMR study of [epsilon-13C]Lys-bacteriorhodopsin: Schiff base photoisomerization.

Previous solid state 13C-NMR studies of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) have inferred the C = N configuration of the retinal-lysine Schiff base linkage from the [14-13C]retinal chemical shift (1-3). Here we verify the interpretation of the [14-13C]-retinal data using the [epsilon-13C]lysine 216 resonance. The epsilon-Lys-216 chemical shifts in bR555 (48 ppm) and bR568 (53 ppm) are consistent with a C = N isomerization from syn in bR555 to anti in bR568. The M photointermediate was trapped at pH 10.0 and low temperatures by illumination of samples containing either 0.5 M guanidine-HCl or 0.1 M NaCl. In both preparations, the [epsilon-13C]Lys-216 resonance of M is 6 ppm downfield from that of bR568. This shift is attributed to deprotonation of the Schiff base nitrogen and is consistent with the idea that the M intermediate contains a C = N anti chromophore. M is the only intermediate trapped in the presence of 0.5 M guanidine-HCl, whereas a second species, X, is trapped in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The [epsilon-13C]Lys-216 resonance of X is coincident with the signal for bR568, indicating that X is either C = N anti and protonated or C = N syn and deprotonated.     

Mechanism of proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin by solid-state NMR: the protonation state of tyrosine in the light-adapted and M states.

Solid-state 13C NMR spectra were employed to characterize the protonation state of tyrosine in the light-adapted (bR568) and M states of bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Difference spectra (isotopically labeled bR minus natural-abundance bR) were obtained for [4'-13C]Tyr-labeled bR, regenerated with [14-13C]retinal as an internal marker to identify the photocycle states. The [14-13C]retinal has distinct chemical shifts for bR555, for bR568, and for the M intermediate generated and thermally trapped at pH 10 in the presence of 0.3 M KCl or 0.5 M guanidine. Previous work has demonstrated that tyrosine and tyrosinate are easily distinguished on the basis of the chemical shift of the 4'-13C label and that both NMR signals are detectable in dark-adapted bR, although the tyrosinate signal is only present at pH values greater than 12. In the present work, we show that neither the light-adapted form of bR prepared at pH 7 or 10 nor the M state thermally trapped at -80 degrees C in 0.3 M KCl pH 10, or in 0.5 M guanidine pH 10, shows any detectable tyrosinate. In addition, after the M samples were briefly warmed (approximately 30 s), no tyrosinate was observed. However, small (1-2 ppm) changes in the structure or dispersion in the Tyr peak were observed in the M state phototrapped by either method. These changes were reversible when the sample was warmed, although on a time scale slower than the relaxation of the retinal back to the bR568 conformer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The role of the native lipids and lattice structure in bacteriorhodopsin protein conformation and stability as studied by temperature-dependent Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy

We report the effect of partial delipidation and monomerization on the protein conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) as a function of temperature. Removal of up to 75% of the lipids is known to have the lattice structure of the purple membrane, albeit as a smaller unit cell, whereas treatment by Triton monomerizes bR into micelles. The effects of these modifications on the protein secondary structure is analyzed by monitoring the protein amide I and amide II bands in the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra. It is found that removal of the first 75% of the lipids has only a slight effect on the secondary structure at physiological temperature, whereas monomerizing bR into micelles alters the secondary structure considerably. Upon heating, the bR monomer is found to have a very low thermal stability compared with the native bR with its melting point reduced from 97 to 65 degrees C, and the pre-melting transition in which the protein changes conformation in native bR at 80 degrees C could not be observed. Also, the N[bond]H to N[bond]D exchange of the amide II band is effectively complete at room temperature, suggesting that there are no hydrophobic regions that are protected from the aqueous medium, possibly explaining the low thermal stability of the monomer. On the other hand, 75% delipidated bR has its melting temperature close to that of the native bR and does have a pre-melting transition, although the pre-melting transition occurs at significantly higher temperature than that of the native bR (91 degrees C compared with 80 degrees C) and is still reversible. Furthermore, we have also observed that the reversibility of this pre-melting transition of both native and partially delipidated bR is time-dependent and becomes irreversible upon holding at 91 degrees C between 10 and 30 min. These results are discussed in terms of the lipid and lattice contribution to the protein thermal stability of native bR.     

pH梯度对平板膜中单体菌紫质分子光电响应的影响

利用重组技术把单体bR包入DMPC脂质囊泡中,通过吸收光谱和圆二色谱的测定,证明bR在囊泡中仍以单体存在。同时测定了外界pH梯度对单体bR脂质囊泡BLM光电响应的影响,观察到pH值当内池大于外池其差值超过2时就可产生光电响应信号极性的反转,并对此结果作了一定的讨论。     

Characterization of human T lymphocytes that express the C3b receptor

The presence of the C3b receptor (C3bR) on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes was recognized by the capacity of rabbit F(ab')2 anti-C3bR and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated goat F(ab')2 anti-rabbit F(ab')2 to stain 14.5 +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) of lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E). The F(ab')2 anti-C3bR also blocked the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with OKT11 to form rosettes with bovine E bearing C3b and immunoprecipitated a single membrane protein having a m.w. of approximately 250,000 from detergent lysates of 125I-labeled, purified T cells. Measurement by fluorescent flow cytometry of the quantitative expression of the C3bR indicated that T cells had slightly more antigenic sites/cell than did E and approximately 10-fold fewer sites than were present on B cells. The surface constituents of the peripheral blood T cells expressing the C3bR were assessed in an assay that employed simultaneously three markers: rosette formation with sheep E, TRITC staining with anti-C3bR and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies or with aggregated IgG. Among lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep E and expressing the C3bR, 99.6 +/- 0.4%, 65.0 +/- 5.8%, 17.2 +/- 6.2%, and 15.3 +/- 5.0% of the cells expressed antigens detected by OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKM1 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Ninety-seven per cent of the C3bR-bearing T cells were also capable of specifically binding aggregated IgG, indicating the presence of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) on these cells. The T cells expressing the C3bR had large nuclei, thin rims of basophilic cytoplasm and no azurophilic granules. Thus, the C3bR is present on some T cells, all of which have a typical lymphocyte morphology, the T3 antigen and the Fc gamma R.