抗中华眼镜蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体IgY的动物保护作用研究

目的通过连续观察蛇伤大鼠多项生理指标的动态变化,探讨不同时段施予血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）同等效价但量加倍的抗蛇毒IgY对其心、肺功能保护的时效性。方法SD大鼠分为80、100、120min IgY保护组和蛇毒组共4组,戊巴比妥钠腹麻,按2倍LD50（1．272mg／kg）的剂量注入舟山眼镜蛇毒。连续3h记录呼吸频率、心电图和肌电等生理指标的动态变化,于注毒后80、100、120min分3个时段注入抗眼镜蛇毒IgY,比较各组大鼠的平均存活时间、保护率及心、肺、腓肠肌功能的差异。结果蛇毒组大鼠注入2倍LD5。的眼镜蛇毒后,平均存活时间为124．4min,存活率为0;80、100min IgY的存活率均达到或超过50％。但120minIgY组的保护作用不明显。与生理盐水组相比,各组心电图异常（心率减慢、ST段抬高）、呼吸频率减慢及肌电减弱多出现在100min以后。大鼠死亡前均出现潮式呼吸直至呼吸衰竭。结论应用与血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）同等效价但量加倍的抗蛇毒IgY,可有效地减低蛇毒对机体心、肺、骨骼肌功能的损伤,提高生存率;与抗血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）对蛇伤大鼠保护作用的结果相比,加量后保护作用更强．保护的有效时段有一定的延长。     

抗眼镜蛇毒血清对中华眼镜蛇伤大鼠保护的时效性研究

目的观察中华眼镜蛇伤后不同时期应用抗蛇毒血清对机体保护作用的差异,为探索临床抗蛇毒血清使用的最佳有效时段提供依据。方法将SD大鼠随机分成6组(蛇毒组、40、60、80、100、120 min血清保护组),每组30只。动物经戊巴比妥腹麻,于单侧背部皮下及双侧小腿腓肠肌注射眼镜蛇毒以制备中华眼镜蛇毒挑战剂量(4×LD50)大鼠模型,分5个不同时段分别注射抗蛇毒血清,于注毒后连续观察3 h,统计各组平均存活时间、成活率及保护率。结果蛇毒组大鼠注入挑战剂量的眼镜蛇毒后,平均存活时间为(148.8±11.4)min,成活率仅为20%;其他血清保护组分别于注毒后40、60、80、100、120 min经腹腔注射精制抗眼镜蛇毒血清(125 u血清/mg蛇毒),40 min血清组保护率达80%;60 min血清组存活率及保护率分别达到70%、50%,平均存活时间为(172.8±7.2)min,与蛇毒组相比有明显差异(P<0.01);而801、00 min血清组保护率依次下降,分别为40%、30%,但仍较蛇毒组显著提高(P<0.01);120 min血清组存活时间及保护率与蛇毒组比较差异无显著性。结论利用中华眼镜蛇毒挑战剂量大鼠模型,通过不同时段施予同剂量抗血清,可显示出明显的机体保护时效性,该研究为探讨临床正确使用抗蛇毒血清提供了新的实验依据。     

急危重症眼镜蛇伤大鼠多项凝血指标动态变化

目的动态观察蛇伤后大鼠多项凝血指标、病理及皮下出血情况的改变,为蛇毒毒理及抗蛇毒制剂的研究提供实验数据。方法将SD大鼠注入2～4 LD50眼镜蛇毒造模,于注毒后不同时段(20～140 min)分别进行凝血功能、肝脏和肾脏病理等检测,处死大鼠后观察注毒部位皮下出血情况。结果大鼠注入4 LD50蛇毒20 min,凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)延长;40 min时,纤维蛋白原(Fbg)明显下降;40 min后凝血功能逐渐回复至0 min水平。肾脏、肝脏组织见血管扩张、充血明显。注毒部位皮下出血范围于20～80min时最明显。2 LD50剂量组凝血功能的变化与4 LD50组相似,但其Fbg下降程度小于4 LD50组,皮下出血面积较4 LD50组小。结论眼镜蛇毒引起凝血功能改变,且其变化程度与剂量及注入时间密切相关。     

眼镜蛇毒注射液对动物心血管系统神经系统及呼吸系统影响的研究

本文报告眼镜蛇毒注射液对动物的神经系统无不良影响;不影响猫、大鼠的血压;注射三种剂量后对家兔、猫、大鼠三种动物的心电图波形不产生影响,可使心律稍有降低,但在２．５小时后恢复正常;眼镜蛇毒注射液低剂量组对动物呼吸频率无不良影响,中高剂量组槿使呼吸频率销有下降,但在２．５小时后恢复正常。     

眼镜蛇伤模型造模探讨及多项指标的动态观察

目的 探讨眼镜蛇伤模型的造模方法并观察模型多项指标的动态变化。方法 用中华眼镜蛇毒于家兔左小腿作皮下注射制作眼镜蛇伤模型,并分别于注蛇毒前1天,注蛇毒后6h,24h和7天从家兔耳缘静脉采血作血液和生化等多项指标的检查。结果 与生理盐水组相比,眼镜蛇毒组的家兔在注毒后数小时至24h可出现炎症反应和急性弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC),心功能及水盐代谢亦受到一些影响。结论 利用家兔可制作出眼镜蛇伤模型。     

圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇伤大鼠模型多项指标动态观察

目的 建立圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇伤大鼠模型,通过对其中毒后电生理、出血时间(Bleeding Time,BT)、皮下出血区(subcutaneous hemorrhagic region,SHR)及血液生化等多项指标的动态观察,为蛇毒毒理及抗蛇毒制剂的研究提供实验数据.方法 SD大鼠分为圆斑蝰泰国亚种蛇毒(Daboia russellii siamensis Venom,DRSV)组和生理盐水(NS)组,戊巴比妥腹麻,注入DRSV或NS后,连续3 h监测心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RF)及腹肌反射阈(abdominal muscle reflex threshold,AMRT),定期测定BT;电生理记录结束后,经心脏取血进行血液生化检测,暴露背部注射点,测量皮下出血区.结果 腹腔注入1.5倍LD50的DRSV,大鼠平均生存时间为(3.7±0.53)h.与NS组比较,DRSV组大鼠于注毒后45 min,HR、AMRT均显著下降(P＜0.05～0.01),RF呈先微升后缓降的变化过程,BT明显缩短(P＜0.01);180 min后,尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、总胆红素、磷酸肌酸激酶、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶等检测值均显著升高(P＜0.05～0.01),DRSV组的SHR约为3.0 cm×3.0 cm.结论 蝰蛇伤大鼠模型有关电生理、BT的动态指标及血液生化等多项检验数据与蛇伤临床症状基本相符,在蝰蛇伤临床诊治及蝰蛇毒的实验研究方面有一定的参考价值.     

抗蛇毒血清滴眼治疗眼镜蛇毒致眼外伤

目的观察单价抗眼镜蛇毒血清溶液滴眼治疗中华眼镜蛇毒(Naja naja atra,Chinese cobra)不慎进人眼睛引起外伤中毒性急性角膜炎的临床效果。方法观察1992～2002年我院急诊救治眼镜蛇喷毒或加工蛇毒时不慎蛇毒进人眼睛引起外伤性急性角膜炎8例男性病人,从受伤到就诊时间最快15min,最慢50min。就诊后立即用生理盐水冲洗受伤眼睛,紧接着给予单价抗眼镜蛇毒血清溶液滴人患眼0．5h后,用氯霉素眼药水、可的松(或地塞米松)眼药水交替滴眼,直至痊愈。结果使用抗蛇毒血清滴眼后局部疼痛、异物感等症状在20min内得到缓解,3天内眼睑红肿、结膜充血等角膜炎症状消失。8例病人均治愈,未留有后遗症。结论：单价抗眼镜蛇毒血清滴眼治疗中华眼镜蛇毒致眼外伤是非常方便有效的方法,可能与其能迅速中和眼睛内残留的蛇毒有关。     

蛇毒纤溶酶的一般药理作用

目的研究蛇毒纤溶酶的药理作用.方法分别以低、中、高三个剂量组(5.0、10.0、20.0u/kg体重)研究蛇毒纤溶酶对麻醉犬颈动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均压、心率、心电图各参数、呼吸频率与幅度、凝血时间及复钙时间的影响.结果蛇毒纤溶酶(5.0、10.0、20.0u/kg)对麻醉犬血压、心率、心电、呼吸频率及呼吸幅度均无明显影响;低剂量(5.0u/kg)组蛇毒纤溶酶对犬凝血时间及复钙时间无明显影响,但中高剂量组(10.0、20.0u/kg)蛇毒纤溶酶可明显延长凝血时间及复钙时间,中剂量组对复钙时间的影响恢复较快;蛇毒纤溶酶对小鼠一般行为,机能协调功能及阈下戊巴比妥钠催眠作用无明显影响;对神经系统无明显影响.结论蛇毒纤溶酶能明显延长血液凝固时间及复钙时间,对循环系统、呼吸系统和神经系统无明显副作用.是一种安全有效的抗凝血药物.     

抗中华眼镜蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体的制备及其效价测定

目的探索免疫鸡制备高效价抗眼镜蛇毒抗体的新方法。方法用中华眼镜蛇原毒作抗原免疫22周龄的莱航母鸡,水溶法粗提抗体,DEAE Sepharos FF柱纯化,切向流超滤膜脱盐及浓缩,免疫电泳及双向免疫扩散法进行鉴定及效价测定,采用BCATMProte in Assay K it测定蛋白含量。结果鸡卵黄经水溶法的粗提物与中华眼镜蛇毒即有较明显沉淀反应,其效价随着纯度的提高而增强。将马源性抗血清的蛋白质含量调至与浓缩的IgY相同(2mg/m l),经双向免疫扩散及免疫电泳鉴定,该抗体不但对中华眼镜蛇毒有特异性结合,与孟加拉眼镜蛇毒亦有较强的交叉免疫活性,其效价较马抗眼镜蛇毒血清高4倍以上。结论用中华眼镜蛇原毒制备的IgY抗体,其效价较马抗血清有显著提高,并与孟加拉眼镜蛇毒有高度交叉免疫。本实验为抗眼镜蛇IgY的应用及其它抗蛇毒IgY的制备奠定了基础。     

眼镜蛇毒对大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响

目的探讨眼镜蛇毒对大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学方法,观察并比较c-fos阳性细胞在眼镜蛇毒组、生理盐水组、正常对照组大鼠脊髓中的表达。结果眼镜蛇毒组大鼠脊髓内c-fos阳性细胞明显多于生理盐水组和正常对照组。结论眼镜蛇毒对大鼠脊髓c-fos表达有上调作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.