KANK1对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖及迁移的影响

摘要 目的：研究KANK1在子宫内膜癌中的表达以及对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖及迁移的影响。方法：（1）TCGA数据库分析KANK1在子宫内膜癌中的表达和生存期分析。（2）采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应验证转染KANK1质粒的效果。采用Ishikawa和ECC1这两种子宫内膜癌细胞来探讨KANK1对子宫内膜癌的细胞周期和凋亡的影响。通过Western blot检测细胞周期相关蛋白的表达,以及流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡水平。（3）通过Transwell小室实验和划痕实验检测细胞的侵袭和转移能力。结果：TCGA数据库分析发现KANK1在子宫内膜癌中低表达且与患者预后良好相关。过表达KANK1下调了Cyclin D1和Cyclin D2的蛋白水平,并将细胞周期阻滞在G1期。流式细胞术检测发现过表达KANK1组的细胞凋亡水平（Ishikawa：22.7%;ECC1：19.0%）比对照组（Ishikawa：18.1%;ECC1：15.3%）高,差异具有统计学意义。Transwell迁移和侵袭实验结果表明过表达KANK1组的子宫内膜癌细胞侵袭和转移能力减弱。结论：本研究证明了KANK1在子宫内膜癌中发挥抑癌作用。KANK1高表达与子宫内膜癌的预后良好成正相关。KANK1通过抑制癌细胞周期和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡发挥抑制子宫内膜癌增殖的作用。此外,KANK1抑制了子宫内膜癌的侵袭和转移。     

miR-19通过Keap-Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响

摘要 目的：研究卵巢癌组织和细胞中miR-19的表达,探讨其异常表达对卵巢癌细胞Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1（Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein1,Keap1）--核因子E2相关因子2（nuclearfactor-E2-relatedfactor2,Nrf2） /血红素氧合酶-1（heme oxygenase1,HO-1）信号通路及卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响。方法：回顾性收集2019年1月至2020年12月于我院就诊的患者经病理切片诊断为卵巢癌上皮细胞的手术标本30例,卵巢良性肿瘤标本30例,正常卵巢组织标本30例。免疫组化检测不同标本中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的表达,检测卵巢组织及细胞中miR-19、Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA表达水平,及卵巢癌细胞中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达水平。在OVCAR-3细胞中沉默miR-19后,Western Blot检测细胞内Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平,收集沉默miR-19,对照组,沉默Nrf2、对照组的OVCAR-3细胞,继续培养0 h、24 h、48 h后,检测细胞增殖和凋亡。结果：Keap1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织;Nrf2和HO-1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织（P＜0.05）;沉默miR-19抑制其表达后,细胞内Keap1 mRNA、蛋白表达水平明显升高,Nrf2、HO-1 mRNA表达水平无明显变化,蛋白表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05）;沉默miR-19 组、沉默Nrf2组与转染阴性对照组相比,增殖能力明显降低,凋亡能力明显升高（P＜0.05）。结论：卵巢癌细胞中,miR-19表达水平升高,可通过调控Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1信号通路影响卵巢癌细胞的增值、凋亡能力。     

褪黑素联合MPA抑制子宫内膜异常增生的作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探索褪黑素联合MPA（醋酸甲羟孕酮）对子宫内膜异常增生细胞增殖活性的抑制作用及其机制。方法：取分化良好的子宫内膜增生细胞株Ishikawa和内膜癌细胞株ECC1于适宜条件培养,加入褪黑素、MPA单独或者联合处理48 h后,检测子宫内膜细胞株的增殖活性。收集褪黑素、MPA单独或者联合处理48 h后的子宫内膜增生细胞株Ishikawa细胞,提取细胞内的蛋白,检测人20α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（AKR1C1）的表达情况。结果：褪黑素和MPA联合使用后对子宫内膜异常增生细胞的抑制作用明显高于褪黑素或MPA单独使用。褪黑素和MPA可抑制AKR1C1的表达,二者联合使用对AKR1C1的抑制高于两者单独使用。结论：褪黑素可提高子宫内膜异常增生细胞对MPA的敏感性,降低MPA的使用剂量,同时抑制AKR1C1的表达,使孕酮的代谢速率降低。褪黑素与MPA联合使用给子宫内膜增生和内膜癌的治疗策略带来新的思路。     

基于核因子相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1信号通路探讨异荭草素对乳腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

摘要 目的：探讨异荭草素（ISO）对乳腺癌（BC）细胞恶性生物学行为及核因子相关因子2（Nrf2）/血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）信号通路的影响。方法：体外培养人BC细胞系MDA-MB-231并分组：MDA-MB-231组、MDA-MB-231+ISO组（100 μmol/L ISO处理）、MDA-MB-231+ISO+OE-NC组（转染OE-NC后用100 μmol/L ISO处理）、MDA-MB-231+ISO+OE-Nrf2组（转染OE-Nrf2后用100 μmol/L ISO处理）。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8（CCK-8）检测MDA-MB-231细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测MDA-MB-231细胞周期和凋亡;Transwell实验检测MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和迁移能力;Western blot检测Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白及凋亡蛋白表达。结果：与MDA-MB-231组相比,MDA-MB-231+ISO组、MDA-MB-231+ISO+OE-NC组细胞活力、S期和G2期细胞比例、迁移和侵袭能力、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）、Nrf2、HO-1、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）蛋白水平显著下降（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率、G1/G0期细胞比例以及Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白水平显著上升（P<0.05）。与MDA-MB-231+ISO组相比,MDA-MB-231+ISO+OE-Nrf2组细胞活力、S期和G2期细胞比例、迁移和侵袭能力、Bcl-2、Nrf2、HO-1、MMP-9蛋白水平显著上升（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率、G1/G0期细胞比例以及Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：ISO可能通过抑制Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,抑制MDA-MB-231细胞恶性增殖、迁移和侵袭等行为。     

Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的影响

摘要 目的：探究Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的作用。方法：33只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为两组：一组16只饲喂普通饲料,另一组17只饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖模型。造模成功后将小鼠随机分成四组：普通饲料溶剂对照组（Control ND组）、普通饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) ND组）、高脂饲料溶剂对照组（Control HFD组）和高脂饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) HFD组）。分别给予Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im和等体积溶剂灌胃干预6周后,检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（T-CHO）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）。苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肝脏组织形态学变化。RT-qPCR检测肝脏Nrf2下游抗氧化基因Nqo1、Ho1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平,Western Blot检测肝脏NQO1、HO-1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平。结果：与正常小鼠相比,肥胖小鼠的体重、TG和LDL-C升高（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性增加,GCLC的蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。在肥胖小鼠中,与溶剂对照组相比,Nrf2激动剂组小鼠的体重、血清TG降低（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性减轻,Nqo1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,NQO1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论：Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im可改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性,可能与Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im激活抗氧化基因的表达来减轻肝细胞氧化应激有关。     

脂联素抑制子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨脂联素（APN）对子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用及分子机制。方法：分别采用磺酰罗丹明 B(SRB)实验、细胞迁移(Transwell)实验和划痕实验检测子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1B的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路相关蛋白、AdipoR1、AdipoR2、cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,APN组HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭功能明显下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,APN组p-AMPK/AMPK比值明显提高,而p-mTOR/mTOR和p-4EBP1/4EBP1比值明显下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,APN组cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达水平明显下降（P<0.05）。APN组和对照组的AdipoR1、AdipoR2蛋白表达水平比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：APN能够激活AMPK信号通路并下调cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达,进而抑制子宫内膜癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭功能。     

Sfrp2通过下调Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制胶质瘤细胞系U251的迁移能力

摘要 目的：探讨使用Wnt3a蛋白受体竞争性抑制剂Sfrp2下调Wnt通路的关键蛋白β-catenin的表达对胶质瘤细胞U251线粒体功能以及细胞侵袭能力的影响。方法：使用外源性Sfrp2蛋白处理U251细胞,使用Western Blot技术,Mitotracker线粒体形态学染色,划痕实验观测Sfrp2蛋白对U251细胞Wnt通路的表达,线粒体功能以及细胞迁移能力的影响,并使用GSK-3β抑制剂LiCl上调Wnt通路进一步明确Sfrp2蛋白的作用机制。结果：Sfrp2蛋白可引起Wnt通路的抑制（P<0.05）,线粒体分裂（P<0.01）以及细胞迁移能力的下降（P<0.01）,而使用LiCl处理后,Wnt通路重现上调（P<0.05）,线粒体分裂受到抑制（P<0.05）,细胞的迁移能力也再次恢复（P<0.05）。结论：Sfrp2可通过下调Wnt通路引起线粒体分裂进而抑制U251细胞的迁移能力。     

BMI1基因下调使宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌对紫杉醇敏感

目的 研究B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒插入位点1（BMI1）基因对宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌增殖浸润及紫杉醇耐受的影响及其机制。方法 首先利用Cbioportal、TCGA和CPTAC数据库分析BMI1基因在宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中的突变及表达情况。接着对人宫颈癌组织样本和人子宫内膜癌组织样本中BMI1的蛋白质表达水平进行免疫组化分析。采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot)检测BMI1敲低后宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌细胞中BMI1下游调控因子的蛋白质水平变化。此外,通过细胞功能实验研究了BMI1在宫颈癌HeLa及子宫内膜癌HEC-1-A细胞中的功能。最后,通过实验评估siBMI1联合紫杉醇治疗的协同抗生长作用。结果 数据库分析结果显示,BMI1在1.5%的子宫颈癌患者及1.9%的子宫内膜癌的患者中存在不同程度的扩增、错义及剪接突变。此外,高mRNA水平的BMI1与宫颈癌的病理类型相关,且高蛋白质水平的BMI1与子宫内膜癌的病理类型和肿瘤分级及较低的生存率相关。进一步的免疫组化分析发现,与正常组织相比,宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌组织中BMI1蛋白水平表达升高,且与肿瘤的病理分化及浸润深度相关。药物敏感性实验显示,BMI1过表达导致HeLa及HEC-1-A细胞对多种抗癌药物的敏感性下降,其中包括紫杉醇。为了进一步分析BMI1与紫杉醇耐受的关系,通过Western blot检测BMI1敲除后HeLa及HEC-1-A细胞中BMI1下游因子的蛋白质水平变化。结果显示,抗凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2随着BMI1的敲低而表达水平下降,而促凋亡相关蛋白BAX则显著升高。此外,细胞功能实验结果显示,体外过表达BMI1可促进HeLa及HEC-1-A细胞的增殖和迁移,且BMI1低表达的HeLa及HEC-1-A细胞对紫杉醇更敏感。结论 BMI1在宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌患者的肿瘤组织中过表达,BMI1的下调通过调控凋亡通路使CC和EC细胞对紫杉醇更加敏感。     

小檗碱通过PTEN/Nrf2途径抑制胰岛βTC6氧化应激及细胞凋亡

摘要 目的：探讨小檗碱（Berberine,BBR）在棕榈酸（palmitic acid,PA）诱导的胰岛β细胞氧化应激及凋亡中的角色及分子机制。方法：BBR和PA单独或联合处理敲低PTEN的βTC6细胞,利用MTT、Caspase-3活性检测、流式细胞术、ROS含量检测、硝基酪氨酸定量等测定各实验分组的细胞凋亡程度并比较彼此氧化应激水平,利用定量PCR以及Western blotting检测PTEN、AMPK、Nrf2的表达变化。此外,我们还评估了BBR是否可以缓解糖尿病小鼠全身炎症状态和胰岛细胞凋亡,并再次验证了BBR对糖尿病小鼠的治疗效果。结果：BBR通过降低PTEN同时升高Nrf2的表达,进而减轻PA诱导胰岛βTC6细胞ROS以及硝基酪氨酸积累,降低PA诱导性Caspase-3升高。干扰PTEN表达可以与BBR发生协同效应,即协同降低氧化应激性凋亡。经动物实验发现BBR可明显降低糖尿病小鼠血糖以及血清IL-6水平,同时在转录水平降低小鼠胰腺PTEN并上调Nrf2,TUNEL实验发现BBR可以明显抑制糖尿病小鼠胰岛细胞凋亡,而二甲双胍（Metformin, Met）未发现抑制效应。结论：BBR通过下调PTEN并上调Nrf2的表达来发挥对PA引起的βTC6细胞氧化应激以及凋亡的保护作用,而沉默PTEN可反过来与BBR形成协同保护作用。BBR与MET治疗2型糖尿病的降糖效果没有差异性,但BBR可以额外地通过PTEN/Nrf2途径发挥抗炎及抗氧化应激作用。     

漏芦醇提取物对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤的缓解作用

摘要 目的：探讨漏芦乙醇提取物（RUEE）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤发挥保护作用。方法：采用体外培养的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞系 HC11 为模型,首先利用MTT法筛选RUEE的最佳作用浓度及检测LPS和RUEE对细胞活力的影响,然后用1 μg?mL^-1 LPS单独处理,20、40、80 μg?mL^-1的RUEE与 1 μg?mL^-1 LPS 共处理 HC11细胞,检测氧化应激相关指标、抗氧化相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果：细胞活力实验确定20、40、80 μg?mL^-1的RUEE作为后续试验的添加浓度。LPS诱导可显著提高HC11细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量、一氧化氮（NO）水平、一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性（P＜0.05）;明显降低超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P＜0.05）;显著抑制核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）、NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1（NQO1）的mRNA及蛋白表达（P＜0.05）。20、40、80 μg?mL^-1的RUEE预处理后可明显下调LPS诱导的HC11细胞内MDA含量、NO水平及iNOS活性（P＜0.05）;显著提高SOD、GPx、CAT的活性及T-AOC（P＜0.05）;显著上调Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1 mRNA和蛋白表达（P＜0.05）。结论：RUEE可以有效减轻LPS诱导的乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤,这可能与RUEE能激活乳腺上皮细胞Nrf2进而促进抗氧化基因的表达有关。     

Nrf2 expression participates in growth and differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo

The expression level of Nrf2 is increased in series of tumors and it plays a vital role in proliferation of cancer cells. However, little is known about the clinical implications and biological functions of Nrf2 in endometrial carcinoma. The aim of this study is to study whether up-regulation of Nrf2 expression can promote growth of endometrial carcinoma cells. Using immunohistochemistry, Nrf2 protein expression was analyzed in endometrial carcinoma patients. A series of assays was performed to elucidate the role of Nrf2 in growth of endometrial carcinoma. Positive rate of Nrf2 was 64.3 % (45/70) in endometrial carcinoma patients, and it was associated with FIGO stage and histological grade (P < 0.05). In addition, ectopic overexpression of Nrf2 promoted the growth of endometrial carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Nrf2 protein translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus may influence differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells. These results suggest that Nrf2 participates in progression of endometrial carcinoma by influencing the growth and differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells, and it could be used as a novel and potential therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma.     

TCTP在肝癌细胞增殖过程中的作用及机制研究

目的:研究翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)在肝癌细胞增殖过程中的作用及相关机制。方法:通过western blot技术检测14对肝癌与癌旁组织中TCTP的蛋白表达水平。通过siRNA(small interference RNA)技术在肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和BEL-7404中下调TCTP的表达,然后通过CCK-8实验、克隆形成实验和EdU实验观察下调TCTP对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。通过western blot技术分析TCTP促进肝癌发生这一过程中可能涉及的分子通路。结果:相比于对应的癌旁组织,TCTP在肝癌组织中显著高表达。用siRNA技术下调TCTP水平后能够明显抑制肝癌细胞的增殖能力。下调TCTP的表达之后,AKT和ERK蛋白的磷酸化水平也随之降低。结论:TCTP在肝癌组织中显著高表达,并且在肝癌细胞的增殖过程中发挥着极其重要作用,其作用机制可能与AKT和ERK通路的磷酸化激活有关。     

Terpenoids from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Induce Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cells through the Activation of p53

Novel strategies are necessary to improve chemotherapy response in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Here, we demonstrate that terpenoids present in the Steam Distilled Extract of Ginger (SDGE) are potent inhibitors of proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. SDGE, isolated from six different batches of ginger rhizomes, consistently inhibited proliferation of the endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and ECC-1 at IC₅₀ of 1.25 µg/ml. SDGE also enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of radiation and cisplatin. Decreased proliferation of Ishikawa and ECC-1 cells was a direct result of SDGE-induced apoptosis as demonstrated by FITC-Annexin V staining and expression of cleaved caspase 3. GC/MS analysis identified a total of 22 different terpenoid compounds in SDGE, with the isomers neral and geranial constituting 30–40%. Citral, a mixture of neral and geranial inhibited the proliferation of Ishikawa and ECC-1 cells at an IC₅₀ 10 µM (2.3 µg/ml). Phenolic compounds such as gingerol and shogaol were not detected in SDGE and 6-gingerol was a weaker inhibitor of the proliferation of the endometrial cancer cells. SDGE was more effective in inducing cancer cell death than citral, suggesting that other terpenes present in SDGE were also contributing to endometrial cancer cell death. SDGE treatment resulted in a rapid and strong increase in intracellular calcium and a 20–40% decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Ser-15 of p53 was phosphorylated after 15 min treatment of the cancer cells with SDGE. This increase in p53 was associated with 90% decrease in Bcl2 whereas no effect was observed on Bax. Inhibitor of p53, pifithrin-α, attenuated the anti-cancer effects of SDGE and apoptosis was also not observed in the p53^neg SKOV-3 cells. Our studies demonstrate that terpenoids from SDGE mediate apoptosis by activating p53 and should be therefore be investigated as agents for the treatment of endometrial cancer.     

Curcumin exhibits anti-tumor effect and attenuates cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells

Although curcumin shows anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities in various cancers, the effect of curcumin on cellular migration in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells remains to be understood. The current investigation was aimed to explore the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of curcumin and its mechanism of action in endometrial cancer cells. Our in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and suppressed the tumor growth in Ishikawa xenograft mouse model. Curcumin induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Curcumin suppressed the migration rate of Ishikawa and Hec-1B cells as analyzed by scratch wound assay. In transwell migration studies, knock down of Slit-2 reversed the anti-migratory effect of curcumin in these cell lines. Curcumin significantly up-regulated the expression of Slit-2 in Ishikawa, Hec-1B and primary endometrial cancer cells while it down-regulated the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 which in turn, suppressed the expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 2 and 9, thus attenuating the migration of endometrial cancer cells. In summary, we have demonstrated that curcumin has inhibitory effect on cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of CXCR4, SDF-1, and MMP2/MMP9 in endometrial carcinoma cells. These findings helped explore the role of Slit-2 in endometrial cancer cells.     

Autophagy regulated by lncRNA HOTAIR contributes to the cisplatin-induced resistance in endometrial cancer cells

Objectives

To identify whether lncRNAs (long non-coding RNA) participate in the regulation of cisplatin-resistant induced autophagy in endometrial cancer cells.

Results

Autophagy activity was significantly boosted in cisplatin-resistant Ishikawa cells, a human endometrial cancer cell line, compared with that in parental Ishikawa cells. After analyzing the overall long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiling, a meaningful lncRNA, HOTAIR, was identified. It was down-regulated simultaneously in cisplatin-resistant Ishikawa cells and parental Ishikawa cells treated with cisplatin. RNA interference of HOTAIR reduced the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant Ishikawa cells and enhanced the autophagy activity of cisplatin-resistant Ishikawa cells with or without cisplatin treatment, in addition, beclin-1, multidrug resistance (MDR), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR.

Conclusions

It is clear that lncRNAs, specifically HOTAIR, can regulate the cisplatin-resistance ability of human endometrial cancer cells through the regulation of autophagy by influencing Beclin-1, MDR, and P-gp expression.