溴氰虫酰胺亚致死剂量对甜菜夜蛾生长发育及体内解毒酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)的亚致死效应,为甜菜夜蛾的综合防治和溴氰虫酰胺的合理使用提供理论依据。【方法】采用饲料混毒法,测定溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力,确定其亚致死剂量（LC₁₀和LC₂₅）,并分别用该亚致死剂量处理甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫,研究其对甜菜夜蛾的生长发育和体内3种解毒酶活性的影响。【结果】以LC₁₀ 和LC₂₅剂量处理甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫后,幼虫生长受到显著抑制,虫重抑制率分别为11.55%和27.68%;LC₁₀和LC₂₅处理组3龄幼虫到化蛹天数分别比对照组延长0.07和0.20 d;化蛹率显著低于对照组（80.93%）,分别为63.89%和49.43%;成虫寿命显著缩短1.11 d和2.08 d;单雌产卵量和卵孵化率也低于对照组。亚致死剂量溴氰虫酰胺处理甜菜夜蛾幼虫后24-96 h,羧酸酯酶活性和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶活性表现出相似的变化趋势,呈先激活升高、后被抑制降低;而多功能氧化酶活性在药剂处理48 h和72 h均受到不同程度的抑制作用,这种抑制作用与浓度成正比。【结论】亚致死剂量的溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾的生长发育有显著抑制作用,对其幼虫体内解毒酶活性也有不同程度的抑制作用。     

氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾的毒力与田间防效

【目的】本研究旨在明确氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的毒力水平和田间防治效果,为科学使用氰氟虫腙防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考依据。【方法】采用饲料混毒法在室内测定了氰氟虫腙与4种常用杀虫剂甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲和茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC₅₀)及LC₉₀值,以及LC₉₀浓度的这些杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的致死中时(medium lethal time, LT₅₀)值。采用人工喷雾方法测定了玉米田中22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(6.6 g/667 m²)、22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(17.6 g/667 m²)、5.7%甲维盐水分散剂(1 g/667 m²)和150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂(2 g/667 m²)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防效。【结果】室内生测结果显示,供试的5种杀虫剂中氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫均具有较高的毒力,其LC₅₀值分别为2.64和4.3...     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫对常用杀虫剂相对敏感基线的建立

【目的】本研究旨在建立草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对常用杀虫剂的相对敏感基线,为我国草地贪夜蛾的抗药性系统性监测提供依据。【方法】从玉米田采集草地贪夜蛾在室内不接触任何杀虫剂连续饲养5~7代,采用浸叶法和点滴法测定了草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫以及采用饲料药膜法测定了草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫对6大类共7种常用杀虫剂(甲维盐、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、虱螨脲和氯虫苯甲酰胺)的敏感性,并据此建立了草地贪夜蛾幼虫对这7种杀虫剂的相对敏感基线。【结果】浸叶法测得上述7种药剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的LC₅₀值在0.054~12.131 mg/L之间;点滴法测得上述6种药剂(不含虱螨脲)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的LD₅₀值在0.355~4.707 μg/g之间;饲料药膜法测得上述7种药剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的LC₅₀值在0.003~0.238 μg/cm²之间。【结论】采用3种生测方法建立了草地贪夜蛾幼虫对几种常用杀虫剂的相对敏感基线,为我国草地贪夜蛾的抗药性监测和化学防治提供了依据。     

昆虫病原线虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的致死率及田间防治效果

【目的】为生产中应用昆虫病原线虫防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考。【方法】采用室内实验和田间试验相结合的方法,室内培养皿中测定4种不同品系线虫对3和6龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力、致死时间和剂量,田间玉米6～8叶期、日落后叶面喷施线虫至喇叭口内,测试防治草地贪夜蛾的施用剂量和持效天数。【结果】Steinernema feltiae SN、Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06、Heterorhabditis beicherriana Cherry和Oscheius chongmingensis Tumian侵染草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫72 h后的致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为22.13、36.54、60.01和1369.4 IJs·larva^-1;侵染6龄幼虫72 h后的致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为18.67、31.25、45.52和897.28 IJs·larva^-1。SN、H06、Cherry和Tumian品系的最佳致死时间72 h;最佳致死剂量100 IJs·larva^-1(...     

四氯虫酰胺玉米全株喷雾和喇叭口点施防治草地贪夜蛾的药效评价

评价四氯虫酰胺玉米全株喷雾和喇叭口点施处理对草地贪夜蛾的活性与防效,为草地贪夜蛾综合防控提供技术支持。采用叶片喷雾法,测定了对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫毒力;以40%辛硫磷乳油为对照药剂,采用喷雾和喇叭口点施两种方式田间施用10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂,药前1 d和药后1 d、3 d、7 d,调查挂牌标记玉米上草地贪夜蛾活虫数,计算防治效果。结果表明:四氯虫酰胺对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫具有良好的毒力;10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂制剂用量600 g/hm 2喷雾处理后1 d、3 d、7 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别为75.90%、91.91%和92.02%,制剂用量300 g/hm 2喇叭口点施处理后1 d、3 d、7 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别为82.28%、89.52%和91.23%,40%辛硫磷乳油制剂用量1500 g/hm 2处理,两种施药方式防效均不佳。四氯虫酰胺对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防治效果,喇叭口点施方式节省药剂可达50%以上,在防治草地贪夜蛾等害虫方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

3种拟除虫菊酯类农药对草地贪夜蛾的毒力测定及田间应用效果评价

评价使用氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯喷雾和喇叭口点施处理对草地贪夜蛾的活性与防效,为草地贪夜蛾综合防控提供技术支持。采用喷雾法测定了3种农药原药对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力;采用喷雾和喇叭口点施2种方式田间施用5.7%氟氯氰菊酯乳油、25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油、5.0%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油,药后第1天、第3天、第7天调查挂牌标记玉米上草地贪夜蛾活虫数,计算防治效果。3种拟除虫菊酯农药对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫LC 50值大小顺序依次为氟氯氰菊酯(29.80 mg/L)<高效氯氟氰菊酯(42.39 mg/L)<溴氰菊酯(49.88 mg/L);3种拟除虫菊酯类农药在54.00 g a.i./ha剂量下均能明显降低草地贪夜蛾田间虫口数量,同等剂量防效氟氯氰菊酯乳油>高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油>溴氰菊酯微乳剂。由于草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫和高龄幼虫取食部位有差异,喷雾法防治低龄幼虫的效果好,喇叭口点施防治高龄幼虫的效果好。拟除虫菊酯类农药对草地贪夜蛾具有较好的防治效果,喇叭口点施方式节省药剂、提高对高龄幼虫的防效,在防治草地贪夜蛾等害虫方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾的毒力及田间防效

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)是威胁粮食安全的重要害虫,本文测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力及田间防效,从中筛选出高效的施药方法和施药剂量,为当前草地贪夜蛾防治提供合理用药的参考。结果表明,在室内条件下,使用氯虫苯甲酰胺直接喷雾处理对草地贪夜蛾3龄和4龄幼虫毒力最高,LC_(50)值分别为0.42 mg/L和0.57 mg/L,使用0.5 mg/L 20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫毒力较高,在处理后第5天均有超过90%的死亡率。在田间条件下使用氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾幼虫有较好的防效,使用60.0 g.a.i./ha 0.4%氯虫苯甲酰胺颗粒剂喇叭口点施防治低龄幼虫防效较好,药后第1天、第3天和第7天低龄幼虫(1～3龄)的防效分别为90.3%、100%和100%,使用22.5 g.a.i./ha 20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂喇叭口喷雾防治高龄幼虫(4～6龄)的防效较好,药后第1天、第3天和第7天高龄幼虫的防效分别为71.7%、84.5%和95.3%。     

3种药剂对广东地区草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫室内毒力测定及其田间药效评价

为明确几种药剂对广东地区草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的室内毒杀作用及田间防治效果,合理使用化学农药对草地贪夜蛾进行科学防治提供理论依据.本研究采用浸叶法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的室内毒杀作用;采用茎叶喷雾法,测定了 200克/升氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、150克/升氯虫苯甲酰胺?高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、25克/升高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油和5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒对田间玉米上草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防治效果.室内毒力测定试验结果表明:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸和氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫都有较好的毒杀作用,LC50分别为0.037 mg/L和0.094 mg/L;而高效氯氟氰菊酯对草地贪夜蛾的毒杀作用较一般,LC50为5.336 mg/L.田间试验结果表明,供试的3种药剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫速效性一般,药后1 d的防治效果为40.79％～59.67％;药后3 d的防治效果为67.27％～88.55％;药后7 d其防治效果为55.75％～90.97％.氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对草地贪夜蛾具有较好室内的毒杀作用和田间防治效果,是目前防治草地贪夜蛾的理想药剂;高效氯氟氰菊酯对草地贪夜蛾室内的毒杀作用和田间防治效果较差,不推荐用来防治草地贪夜蛾.     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫僵虫发生率调查及致病菌分离鉴定

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera furgiperda (J.E.Smith)是一种新的入侵害虫,目前已侵入我国多个省区,严重危害玉米。本研究调查了广州地区草地贪夜蛾僵虫的自然发生率,并分离出具有较高致病性的白僵菌,测定了对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致病性。结果表明：广州地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫僵虫发生普遍,田间僵虫率最高为20.99%,累积僵虫率达43.21%;结合僵虫、致病菌菌落、显微超微等形态和分子生物学分析,以及致病性测定,确定从草地贪夜蛾幼虫上分离的真菌为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana;分离培养的分生孢子和僵虫体表洗脱的分子孢子对幼虫致病力相近,有效致死浓度为1107 cfu/mL,幼虫的累积校正死亡率达78.57%。研究表明,该白僵菌菌株对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有较高的致病性,可作为生防真菌进一步的研究。     

不同虫态叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内捕食作用

为了明确叉角厉蝽 Eocanthecona furcellate (Wolff)对草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)幼虫的控制作用,在实验室条件下测定了叉角厉蝽不同虫态对草地贪夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的捕食能力,研究了该蝽捕食功能反应、搜寻效应以及种内干扰作用。结果表明,叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫、成虫均可捕食草地贪夜蛾幼虫,总体呈现叉角厉蝽低龄若虫捕食草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的数量较多,高龄若虫和成虫捕食中间龄期幼虫数量较多的规律;叉角厉蝽3个虫态对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II方程和HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型;5龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食效能(a/Th)最强（214.0）、日最大捕食量(1/Th)最大（256.4头）。不同虫态叉角厉蝽的搜寻效应与草地贪夜蛾密度均呈负相关。建立了叉角厉蝽成虫密度、草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫密度对捕食作用的干扰反应方程,干扰作用发生后该蝽的平均捕食量和捕食作用率均逐渐下降。本研究结果可为田间释放叉角厉蝽防治草地贪夜蛾提供依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.