反胶束中单宁酶催化没食子酸烷基酯的生物合成

为了研究单宁酶在有机相中的催化性能,建立了AOT/异辛烷／水反胶束单宁酶催化没食子酸与脂肪醇酯合成反应体系。结果显示：反胶束单宁酶催化体系可成功催化合成C3-C5脂肪醇与没食子酸的酯合成反应。不同反应体系中由于不同脂肪醇的存在,单宁酶的动力学参数和紫外光谱存在差别。结果表明单宁酶对脂肪醇的专一性不强,根据Vmax/Km比值,丁醇与异丁醇是其最适底物,单宁酶催化没食子酸烷基酯合成的动力学符合米氏方程。反应体系中不同的脂肪醇导致了单宁酶构象的差别。     

酶法合成生物柴油工业化研究进展

介绍了北京化工大学近年来酶法合成生物柴油工业化研究的结果。主要内容包括以下几个方面:高产脂肪酶菌株的选育、脂肪酶发酵工艺优化及放大、脂肪酶固定化方法、酶反应器放大、生物柴油分离精制及副产物甘油综合利用。该脂肪酶假丝酵母Candida sp.99-125在5 m3罐发酵活力不低于8 000 IU/mL,然后将该脂肪酶吸附固定在织物膜上并进行表面改性,用于搅拌罐式反应器生产每吨甲酯的需酶量仅为4.2 kg,产品经分离精制调质后,其各项指标完全符合德国生物柴油生产标准。副产物甘油可用于1,3-丙二醇发酵,30 L发酵罐中1,3-丙二醇的产量可达到76.1 g/L。     

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)的AOT反胶束纯化研究

研究微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)反胶束纯化的工艺和条件,调节MTGase离心上清液等电点,除去部分杂蛋白,MTGase活力升高7.5倍;用截留分子量为10000的超滤膜除去小分子杂蛋白,MTGase活力升高1.33倍;用0.05mol/L的AOT/异辛烷反胶束进一步纯化MTGase,其最适萃取条件是粗MTGase蛋白质浓度20mg/mL,[Na ]0.12mol/L,水相pH4.80～5.20,相比1:1(v/v);荷载MTGase的AOT反胶束用2.0mol/LKCl进行反萃取,MTGase活力为14.2U/g,纯化8.875倍;冷冻干燥脱盐反萃取液,获得MTGase冻干粉,其活力为110.3U/g,与粗酶液相比较,纯化689.4倍。经过AOT/异辛烷反胶束萃取纯化的MTGase,其SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为一条带。Ca2 与表面活性剂非极性尾上丁二酰羰基氧、极性头磺酸基硫氧基氧及MTGase分子表面具有孤电子对的基团的配位结合放大了AOT反胶束的另一种萃取作用——配位萃取,致使其对MTGase的萃取率高于K 而接近Na 。     

间歇及连续式固定化酶反应生产生物柴油

探讨了利用本实验室自制的Candida sp99．125脂肪酶转酯化合成生物柴油的过程。在利用间歇式反应得到最佳反应条件的情况下利用固定床反应器生产生物柴油,经过初步优化的试验结果表明,在采用分级流加甲醇下,生物柴油的转化率可以达到93％左右,并且固定化酶的使用寿命超过480h。     

油包水微乳液中抗体酶催化布洛芬酯选择性水解的酶学特性

根据过渡态理论设计和合成了能诱导产生催化选择性水解布洛芬甲酯的催化抗体的四面体硫酸盐半抗原,并与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联制备成免疫源,通过免疫手段成功筛选出具有加速选择性水解生成S-布洛芬的特异性催化抗体.其Kcat,app/Kuncat,app达1.6x104.进一步地将催化抗体运用到W/O微乳体系(反胶束)中进行布洛芬酯的选择性水解研究,其动力学研究证明其催化过程同样遵循Michaelis.Menten方程.考察了pH值和温度对催化初速度影响,Wo(体系中水和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)的摩尔比)对催化初速度影响呈现为钟罩型,最适的Wo.为21.     

单宁酶反胶束微反应器生产没食子酸戊酯的研究

研究利用单宁酶微反应器生产没食子酸戊酯(amylgallate,AG)的方法。采用AOT(双(2乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠)异辛烷水组成的微反应器首次成功合成了没食子酸戊酯。并对反应体系中的各种主要参数对反应底物没食子酸(gallicacid,GA)的转化率的影响进行了探索。研究表明,反应条件为pH=6,温度45℃,[AOT]=020molL,振荡速度为150rmin时,W0=10或125(W0=[水][表面活性剂])的条件下,没食子酸的转化率在反应96h都可以达到90%。     

反胶束体系中维生素E的胆甾醇酯酶催化水解

目的 :探索反胶束体系中维生素E醋酸酯的酶促水解规律。方法 :以维生素E醋酸酯的水解产物α -生育酚的生成量为检测指标 ,考察温度、pH值、离子强度、酶浓度、表面活性剂浓度、体系含水量等反应条件对胆甾醇酯酶催化活性的影响。结果 :在卵磷脂 胆固醇 环己烷反胶束体系中 ,胆甾醇酯酶对维生素E醋酸酯具有催化活性。结论 :胆甾醇酯酶发挥水解活性的最佳反应条件如下 :温度为 38℃ ,体系pH值为 8.0 ,胆甾醇酯酶浓度为 1IU·mL- 1 ,牛磺胆酸钠浓度为 5 0mmol·L- 1 ,表面活性剂浓度为 0 .0 2mol·L- 1 ,含水量W0 为 10 .5。     

AOT/异辛烷反胶束萃取纯化胰蛋白酶及酶变性失活问题的解决

用反胶束技术分离纯化蛋白质,具有高选择性、易于大规模操作等优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。但是离子型表面活性剂形成的反胶束体系萃取蛋白质容易引起蛋白质的变性,这是由于离子型表面活性剂的强电荷作用所导致的。对用AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系从胰酶粗提物中萃取胰蛋白酶进行了研究,通过在反胶束相加入乙醇,解决了反胶束萃取蛋白质时蛋白质变性失活的问题。并且由于乙醇的加入大大减少了分相的时间,简化了实验步骤,优化了实验方法,使此技术在工业上的大规模应用成为可能。通过优化各种实验条件,胰蛋白酶的前萃取率达到90%,反萃取率接近100%。最终得率为88%。纯化后的比活提高了5倍多,从300U/mg左右提高到了1800U/mg。     

微乳液液晶相中脂肪酶的催化特性研究

本文探索了一种在非水介质中对酶进行固定化的新方法.研究了包埋于“水/AOT/异辛烷”系统中与有机溶剂共存的液晶相(L+LC)中的脂肪酶催化橄榄油水解的特性,发现于最适温度28℃,最佳pH为7.2,组成为(w/w%):AOT14.0%、水55.9%、异辛烷15.1%、橄榄油15.0%的条件下,脂肪酶活力较高,并且具有相当好的稳定性,尤其是产物分离和酶的回收简单易行,具有潜在的工业应用前景.     

TRPO-AOT 反胶团体系萃取牛血红蛋白的研究

反胶团是表面活性剂溶解在非极性溶剂中形成的、围绕一个“水核”的纳米级聚集体。液液反胶团萃取蛋白质技术,因对目标物质选择性好、容量大和能保持其活性而得到广泛研究^[1-9].在反胶团萃取蛋白质的研究中,多数作者采用单一表面活性剂AOT^[2]或季胺盐^[3]的反胶团体系。两种体系的共同弱点是:体系受离子强度、pH值等静电因素的影响大,直接影响萃取率,为了克服它们的不足,有人在AOT体系中加亲和试剂增强反胶团对蛋白质的亲和性^[4],加磷酸类阴离子表面活性剂^[5]、天然表面活性剂磷脂^[6]等以增强体系的萃取性能e人在季胺盐的反胶团体系中加非离子表面活性剂作助剂提高蛋白质的萃取率^[7],有人则反阴、阳和非离子表面活性剂混合形成反胶团提高某种酶的萃取容量^[8],本文用中性磷氧萃取剂三烷基氧膦（TRPO）与阴离子表面活性剂琥珀二辛酯磺酸钠（AOT）混合溶解在异辛烷中形成反胶团萃取牛血红蛋白（BHb）,比较AOT、TRPO及AOT三体系对牛血红蛋白（BHb）的萃取性能。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.