不同类型毛竹林土壤活性有机碳

以江西省安福县毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林、竹杉混交林为研究对象,探讨不同类型毛竹林的土壤活性有机碳的变化.结果表明:(1)土壤总有机碳和易氧化态碳含量以毛竹纯林最高,分别为13.1和2.15 g·kg-1;微生物生物量碳和热水浸提有机碳以竹杉混交林最高,分别为123.3和349.0 mg· kg-1.(2)3种类型毛竹林土壤活性有机碳的含量均随土层深度的增加而呈现出先快后慢的下降趋势.(3)土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、热水浸提有机碳和易氧化态碳之间的相关性均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),后三者在一定程度上表征了土壤中活性较高部分的碳含量.     

张广才岭西坡不同起源林分土壤碳收支机制研究

对五常凤凰山林场皆伐迹地上45年生不同起源（人工更新、人天混更新、天然更新）形成的次生阔叶林、落叶松与阔叶树混交林和人工更新土壤碳输入和输出的季节动态进行研究,探讨不同起源对林分土壤碳收支的影响。结果表明：（1）不同起源土壤有机碳含量为针阔混交林显著高于落叶松纯林(P＜0.05),次生阔叶林居中,且与二者差异不显著（P＞0.05）;（2）不同起源林分叶凋落物总量表现出次生阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞落叶松纯林,且次生阔叶林显著高于落叶松纯林（P＜0.05）;（3）3种起源林分凋落物分解速率顺序为次生阔叶林>针阔混交林>落叶松纯林;（4）不同起源林分不同季节土壤呼吸速率均以次生阔叶林最高,落叶松人工林最低;（5）不同起源林分土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）、土壤易氧化碳（ROC）6~10月平均值表现出针阔混交林>次生阔叶林>落叶松纯林,而土壤水溶性有机碳（WSOC）则为次生阔叶林>针阔混交林>落叶松纯林;（6）不同起源林分凋落物分解失重率与3种土壤活性碳的相关性均显著（P<0.05）,土壤呼吸速率与ROC和WSOC呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。综合分析土壤碳收支过程表明,人天混更新更利于土壤碳的周转和贮存。     

红壤侵蚀地不同人工恢复林对土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳的影响

土壤有机碳尤其是活性有机碳可快速反映土壤肥力和土壤质量的恢复程度。研究了南方红壤侵蚀地3种典型人工恢复林(马尾松与阔叶复层林(Pinus massoniana-broadleaved multiple layer forest(PB))、木荷与马尾松混交林(Schima superba-Pinus massoniana mixed forest(SP))、阔叶混交林(broad-leaved mixed forest(BF)))土壤(0—60 cm)总有机碳和不同活性有机碳的垂直分布特征及其差异。结果表明:不同恢复林分土壤总有机碳(SOC)含量和有机碳储量均表现为PBSPBF,均随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低;土壤表层有机碳富集系数为0.49—0.55,表明表层土壤具有较高的有机碳恢复水平和保持强度。不同林分土壤易氧化有机碳(ROC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量变化范围为0.92—9.17 g/kg、535.89—800.46 mg/kg和27.24—261.31 mg/kg,且均随土层深度的增加而降低,土壤活性有机碳含量总体以BF较高。土壤活性有机碳分配比例以ROC/SOC最高,DOC/SOC次之,MBC/SOC最低,且随土层深度的增加,ROC/SOC的值呈逐渐降低趋势,DOC/SOC的值却呈逐渐升高趋势,MBC/SOC(微生物熵)则变化规律不明显;不同林分间土壤活性有机碳分配比例以BF最高,表明阔叶混交林更有利于活性碳的积累。因此,对于红壤侵蚀地森林恢复初期,可适当密植和立体种植,以提高土壤碳储量和土壤肥力,并在马尾松等先锋树种林分中补植阔叶树种,以增加土壤活性有机碳含量,从而有利于退化生态系统土壤速效养分和土壤功能的快速恢复。     

中亚热带4种森林类型土壤活性有机碳的季节动态特征

2011年12月至2012年9月, 在湘中丘陵区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)-石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)针阔混交林、南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaries)落叶阔叶林、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)-青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)常绿阔叶林1 hm²的长期定位观测样地, 采集0-15 cm、15-30 cm土层土壤样品, 测定土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、可矿化有机碳(MOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量, 分析4种森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量的季节变化特征, 为揭示天然林保护与恢复对土壤有机碳(SOC)库的影响机理过程提供基础数据。结果表明: 森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量具有明显的季节动态, 且不同森林同一土壤活性有机碳组分的季节变化节律基本一致, MBC、MOC、ROC含量表现为夏、秋季较高, 春、冬季较低; DOC含量表现为春、夏、冬季较高, 秋季最低; 同一森林不同土壤活性有机碳组分含量的季节变化节律不同; 土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量与土壤自然含水率、SOC、全N、水解N、全P (除杉木人工林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC外)、速效P含量显著或极显著正相关, 与土壤pH值、全K、速效K含量相关性不显著, 表明不同森林类型外源碳库投入和土壤理化性质的差异是导致不同森林类型土壤活性有机碳含量差异显著的主要原因, 该区域森林土壤活性有机碳各组分含量的季节变化与各森林类型组成树种生长节律及其土壤水分含量和SOC、N、P的可利用性, 以及土壤活性有机碳各组分的来源有关, 森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量可作为衡量森林土壤C、N、P动态变化的敏感性指标。     

中亚热带4种森林类型土壤活性有机碳的季节动态特征北大核心CSCD

2011年12月至2012年9月,在湘中丘陵区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)-石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)针阔混交林、南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaries)落叶阔叶林、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)-青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)常绿阔叶林1 hm2的长期定位观测样地,采集0–15 cm、15–30 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、可矿化有机碳(MOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量,分析4种森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量的季节变化特征,为揭示天然林保护与恢复对土壤有机碳(SOC)库的影响机理过程提供基础数据。结果表明:森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量具有明显的季节动态,且不同森林同一土壤活性有机碳组分的季节变化节律基本一致,MBC、MOC、ROC含量表现为夏、秋季较高,春、冬季较低;DOC含量表现为春、夏、冬季较高,秋季最低;同一森林不同土壤活性有机碳组分含量的季节变化节律不同;土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量与土壤自然含水率、SOC、全N、水解N、全P(除杉木人工林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC外)、速效P含量显著或极显著正相关,与土壤p H值、全K、速效K含量相关性不显著,表明不同森林类型外源碳库投入和土壤理化性质的差异是导致不同森林类型土壤活性有机碳含量差异显著的主要原因,该区域森林土壤活性有机碳各组分含量的季节变化与各森林类型组成树种生长节律及其土壤水分含量和SOC、N、P的可利用性,以及土壤活性有机碳各组分的来源有关,森林土壤MBC、MOC、ROC、DOC含量可作为衡量森林土壤C、N、P动态变化的敏感性指标。     

湿地松林分结构调整对土壤活性有机碳的影响

以21 a湿地松纯林为对照,研究了间伐后补植阔叶树(间伐补阔,补植枫香)对不同年限(3、6、9 a)湿地松林分和21 a湿地松×枫香混交林土壤活性有机碳的影响.结果表明：间伐补阔后,6和9 a湿地松林分的土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量均比21 a湿地松纯林显著增高;21 a湿地松×枫香混交林的土壤各活性碳组分含量显著高于3、6、9 a湿地松林分,其DOC、ROC和MBC含量分别比21 a湿地松纯林增加113.1%、53.3%和54.6%.说明间伐补阔结构调整是改善人工湿地松纯林土壤生态功能的有效措施.     

长白山白桦林不同演替阶段土壤有机碳组分的变化

为了解长白山天然针阔混交林群落恢复演替土壤碳储量的变化,采用空间代替时间的方法,选取白桦幼龄林、白桦中龄林、白桦成熟林、阔叶红松成熟林和阔叶红松过熟林5个不同演替序列,研究其土壤总有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)及颗粒有机碳(POC)含量。结果表明:随着白桦林从早期到晚期的演替,SOC、MBC、ROC、POC以及土壤全氮、全磷和碳氮比(C/N)均呈现先逐渐增加后保持稳定的规律。随着土层深度的增加,SOC、MBC、ROC和POC含量均显著降低(P0.05),5个演替序列内ROC/SOC和POC/SOC的变化范围分别为12.91%~47.95%和14.21%~69.46%。相关分析表明:MBC、ROC和POC含量与土壤总有机碳(SOC)含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),SOC、MBC、ROC和POC含量与全氮、全磷及碳氮比呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究结果为了解白桦林在演替过程中土壤有机碳的稳定性变化和固碳潜力提供数据支持。     

衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复对土壤活性有机碳库的影响

为了解植被恢复对土壤活性有机碳库的影响,采用空间代替时间序列方法,对衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复对土壤活性有机碳含量和分布进行研究。结果表明,土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和易氧化碳(ROC)含量均以乔灌阶段最高(P0.05),随土层加深显著减小(P0.05)。随恢复进程,MBC/SOC、DOC/SOC和ROC/SOC显著增加(P0.05);0~20 cm土层,LFOC/SOC随恢复显著增加(P0.05),而20~40 cm土层,LFOC/SOC的差异不明显(P0.05)。随土层加深,LFOC/SOC显著减小(P0.05),DOC/SOC、MBC/SOC和ROC/SOC逐渐增加(P0.05)。SOC、MBC、DOC、LFOC和ROC间存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。各类活性有机碳库与土壤含水量(SWC)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)呈显著或极显著正相关关系(P0.05或P0.01),与土壤容重(BD)呈极显著负相关关系。因此,植被恢复在一定程度上可提高衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤活性有机碳的形成和积累,增加土壤碳储量。     

施氮磷肥对杉木人工林土壤活性有机碳的影响

为确定施氮、磷肥对中亚热带人工林土壤不同活性组分有机碳的影响,本研究在5年生杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林中设置氮、磷施肥试验,包括对照(CK)、施氮肥(200 kg N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、施磷肥(50 kg P·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))、施氮磷肥(200 kg N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)+50kg P·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)) 4个处理。连续施肥5年后,采取(0~10 cm)表层土壤,测定了活性有机碳不同组分的变化。结果表明:施肥对土壤有机碳(SOC)影响不显著,施氮肥和氮磷配施使土壤微生物量碳(MBC)分别降低34.6%和45.8%,施氮肥降低了常温浸提水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量,且施氮磷肥对WSOC有交互作用,施氮磷肥使热水浸提有机碳(HWC)含量显著提高了31.5%,施肥对易氧化有机碳(LOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、热水浸提碳水化合物(HWc C)的影响不显著;在施肥处理下,MBC/SOC对单施磷肥和氮肥不敏感,氮磷配施使MBC/SOC下降了48.4%,与CK相比,施氮磷肥对POC/SOC没有影响,但与氮肥处理相比,施氮磷肥使POC/SOC显著增加了24.3%;经相关性分析,HWC与硝态氮、有效磷呈显著或极显著正相关。     

伊犁河谷不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分及其含量差异

土壤活性有机碳对环境变化反应敏感,为探讨伊犁河谷不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分含量及其影响因素,本研究以伊犁河谷常年水淹的芦苇湿地、极少水淹的雀稗湿地以及季节性水淹的拂子茅湿地为对象,测定0～40 cm土层内土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)的含量,分析不同类型湿地EOC、DOC和MBC之间的相关性及其与土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶)、土壤养分(铵态氮、全磷)和土壤有机碳(SOC)之间的关系。结果表明:3种不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分在0～40 cm土层内的垂直分异规律一致,均随土壤剖面的加深而递减,而土壤MBC、EOC和DOC含量差异性显著(P0.05),其中芦苇湿地的土壤MBC、EOC和DOC含量均最低;3种类型湿地中,MBC、EOC和DOC所占SOC的比例分别在4. 33%～18. 02%、28. 85%～66.06%、0.73%～1.36%;除DOC所占SOC比例在0～40 cm土层内呈现先增大后减小规律外,MBC和EOC占SOC比例未呈现一致的变化规律; 3种土壤活性有机碳组分所占土壤有机碳的比例以EOC所占比例最大,DOC所占比例最小; MBC、EOC占SOC的比例均以雀稗湿地最高,DOC所占比例以拂子茅湿地最高,而芦苇湿地MBC、EOC和DOC比例均较低;3种类型湿地MBC、EOC和DOC彼此之间相关性均达到显著水平,DOC与土壤全磷相关性不显著,而3种土壤活性有机碳组分与土壤养分、土壤酶活性相关性均达到显著水平。本研究表明,土壤酶活性和土壤养分是影响土壤活性有机碳含量的重要因子。     

Differences in forest composition in two boreal forest ecoregions of Quebec

Abstract. In order to describe and compare the post‐fire succession patterns of the two ecological regions (mixed‐wood and coniferous ecoregions) of northwestern Quebec, 260 forest stands were sampled with the point‐centred plot method. The mixed‐wood ecological region belongs to the Abies balsamea‐Betula papyrifera bioclimatic domain whereas the coniferous ecological region belongs to the Picea mariana‐moss bioclimatic domain. In each plot, tree composition was described, surficial deposits and drainage were recorded, and fire history was reconstructed using standard dendro‐ecological methods. Ordination techniques (Correspondence Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used to describe the successional patterns of forest vegetation and to correlate them with the explanatory variables. The results showed the importance of surficial deposits, the time since fire and the ecoregion in explaining the variation of stand composition. Abies balsamea tends to increase in importance with an increase in time since fire, and this trend is more pronounced in the mixed‐wood region. Even when controlling both for surficial deposits and time since fire, differences in successional trends were observed between the two ecoregions. As all the species are present in both ecoregions and as they are all observed further north, our results suggest that both the landscape configuration and fire regime parameters such as fire size and fire intensity are important factors involved in these differences.     

Establishment of laurel forest vegetation in adjacent secondary forest in central Japan

Distributions of lucidophyllous species are limited due to the fragmentation of laurel forest. On Komayama Hill in central Japan, we evaluated the colonization of typical lucidophyllous vascular plants from a 350-year-old laurel forest into adjacent abandoned secondary forest for conservation and restoration purposes. A total of 14 consecutive subplots were established along the vegetation border between the two forests (length, 30 m; width, 5 m), extending 70 m into the secondary forest; 18 quadrats of old-growth forest were surveyed. Edge effects of old-growth forest were found to play an important role in re-establishing lucidophyllous saplings and seedlings in the secondary forest. In particular, the abundances of the four dominant canopy species of the old-growth forest significantly decreased with increasing distance. Hence, they are expected to colonize further into the secondary forest and, ultimately, to dominate the canopy. However, the number of lucidophyllous species did not change with distance. Species such as Ficus nipponica, Damnacanthus indicus, Ilex integra, and Lemmaphyllum microphyllum were near-completely or completely limited to the old-growth forest. They are known to be negatively affected by forest fragmentation and were observed to be struggling to colonize the exterior of the old-growth forest even after 60 years of abandonment. Their absence highlighted the limited colonization capacities of some old-growth forest species and underlined the time required for habitat restoration following human disturbance. We conclude that it is important to consider the population dynamics of dominant canopy species and the colonization of these interior species when assessing the habitat expansion of lucidophyllous species and hence the restoration of degraded lands.     

Organic matter and nutrient dynamics of the forest and forest floor in the Hubbard Brook forest

Summary The forest floor is a major reservoir of organic matter and nutrients for the ecosystem and as such it influences or regulates most of the functional processes occurring throughout the ecosystem. This study reports on the nutrient and organic matter content of the forest floor of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest during different seasons and attempts to correlate results from studies of vegetation, litter, decomposition, stemflow, throughfall, and soil. An organic matter budget is presented for an undisturbed watershed.Average weight of the forest floor on an undisturbed watershed ranged from 25,500 to 85,500 kg/ha. The weighted watershed average was 46,800 kg/ha. Although the F and H horizons did not vary significantly with time, the L horizon increased significantly during the period June to August largely as a result of a severe hail storm. The order of abundance of elements in the forest floor was N;CaFe>S>P>Mn>K>Mg>Na>Zn>Cu. The concentrations of Ca, K, and Mn decreased with depth in the forest floor while N, P, S, Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations increased. N:P ratios were similar in decomposing leaf tissue, the forest floor, litterfall, and net stemflow plus throughfall suggesting a similar pattern of cycling. S was proportional to N and P in decomposing leaf tissue, the forest floor, and litterfall. Net stemflow and throughfall were affected by a relatively large input of SO₄=-S from the atmosphere. Residence times for elements in the forest floor were affected by inputs other than litterfall (precipitation, stemflow, and throughfall). Calculation of residence times using all inputs caused smaller values than if litterfall alone was used. While all residence times were reduced, the major differences occurred for K, S, and Na. N and P showed relatively long residence times as a result of retranslocation and immobilization by decomposers. The slow turnover rate because of the strong demand and retention by all biota must account for the efficiency of the intrasystem cycling process for N and P. K showed the shortest residence time. A rapid and efficient uptake of K by vegetation seems to account for the efficient cycling of this element. The patterns of nutrient cycling are several depending on the chemical properties of the forest floor, and nutritional requirements of the biota.This is contribution No. 67 of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation.     

火对森林土壤的影响

林火是林地上自由蔓延的火,主要有计划火烧(控制火烧)和野火2种类型.火烧的严重程度决定了火灾的效果及其影响的持续时间.火能够通过燃烧有机质和改变粘土矿物来影响土壤结构,导致土壤容重增加和持水能力降低.长期来看,火烧引起土壤有机质减少.火烧之后土壤温度和pH值的升高会促进土壤呼吸,而微生物数量的减少、根系的死亡和可分解物质的减少则减弱土壤呼吸.林火消耗了森林的枯落物层,通过氧化、挥发、灰分颗粒对流、淋溶等途径减少了森林土壤的养分含量.火灾对土壤生物有重要影响,火灾引起的高温可直接杀死土壤微生物,同时通过改变土壤的各种理化性质及林地微环境,间接影响土壤微生物生存和群落的组成.火对土壤动物的影响显著小于对土壤微生物的影响,原因是前者具有更高的灵活性来逃避火灾.中低程度火烧主要通过土壤环境变化间接影响土壤酶,而严重火烧则通过高温直接使其变性.今后应开展跨学科的森林火灾长期研究,加强对火烧后土壤动物、微生物和生态系统之间相互关系的研究,注重计划用火、火灾对土壤有机碳、土壤养分库的稳定、土壤斥水性、水土流失强度和生物多样性影响方面的研究.     

长白山典型林区森林资源利用适宜性分析

天然林保护不是简单的禁伐,东北林区作为天然林保护的限伐林区,目前仍有一定数量的成过熟林采伐任务,如何科学合理地选择伐区非常重要．鉴于传统森林资源采伐利用操作中存在顾此失彼的问题,现代科学的森林资源经营理论认为,森林资源利用要坚持可持续利用原则,并且要更多考虑森林资源的生态效益,遥感(RS)数据及地理信息系统(GIS)技术,通过提供空间选择技术支撑,可以准确定位符合采伐标准的森林资源地理位置,并确定其面积、森林类型等信息,从而促进森林资源的科学合理利用．本文综合考虑各方面要素,以长白山典型林区露水河林业局为例,以最大程度发挥森林生态系统的生态功能为原则,进行了森林资源利用状况评价,对研究区森林资源未来利用的空间选择以及采伐利用方式进行了探讨,以期为将来制订科学的森林经营策略提供依据。     

广州市帽峰山森林公园森林景观多样性分析

城市森林对改善和美化城市景观起着重要作用.文中在景观分类的基础上,应用景观生态学原理,选取多样性指数、优势度、分离度和斑块密度指数四个指标,从景观的类型多样性、格局多样性和斑块多样性三个方面,对广州市帽峰山森林公园森林景观进行多样性分析.结果表明,经济果林、竹林破碎化程度较高;阔叶混交林类型保持完好,分离度也最小,黎葫林分离度最大;景观类型比例分布最不均衡,组成帽峰山森林公园的各景观类型所占比例差异小于广州地区.     

冬季森林鸟类对林窗的响应分析

林窗主要指由森林中老龄树死亡或其他偶然因素导致的成熟阶段优势树种死亡,从而造成在林冠层形成空隙的现象。2011年11月—2012年2月,于广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区,采用定点观察法,就北热带季雨林冬季鸟类对林窗的响应特征及鸟类在林窗和非林窗的分布特征等进行了研究。在林窗记录到鸟类45种,占所有鸟类的84.9%,平均种数为9.6种;在非林窗记录到鸟类39种,占所有鸟类的73.6%,平均种数为5.3种。多元回归表明林窗面积、林窗外10m乔木平均高度、林窗外10m乔木数量、林窗外10m灌木数量、林窗外1m草本平均盖度和裸地比例是林窗影响鸟类多样性的关键因子。总体上,林窗鸟类多样性大于非林窗。另外,林窗对鸟类空间分布影响主要表现在:鸟类的垂直分布以林窗中层和林冠层为主,水平分布以近离和较近离为主,而这种空间分布格局主要是由鸟类取食生态位分化所造成。     

Impacts of forest gaps on butterfly diversity in a Bornean peat-swamp forest

Forest degradation is leading to widespread negative impacts on biodiversity in South-east Asia. Tropical peat-swamp forests are one South-east Asian habitat in which insect communities, and the impacts of forest degradation on them, are poorly understood. To address this information deficit, we investigated the impacts of forest gaps on fruit-feeding butterflies in the Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Fruit-baited traps were used to monitor butterflies for 3 months during the 2009 dry season. A network of 34 traps (n_gap = 17, n_shade = 17) was assembled in a grid covering a 35 ha area. A total of 445 capture events were recorded, comprising 384 individuals from 8 species and 2 additional species complexes classified to genera. On an inter-site scale, canopy traps captured higher species richness than understory traps; however, understory traps captured higher diversity within each site. Species richness was positively correlated with percent canopy cover and comparisons of diversity indices support these findings. Coupled with results demonstrating morphological differences in thorax volume and forewing length between species caught in closed-canopy traps vs. those in gaps, this indicates that forest degradation has a profound effect on butterfly communities in this habitat, with more generalist species being favored in disturbed conditions. Further studies are necessary to better understand the influences of macro-habitat quality and seasonal variations on butterfly diversity and community composition in South-east Asian peat-swamp forests.     

长白山典型林区森林资源利用状况评价

选择长白山典型林区 1985年、1999年两期遥感图像数据 ,在监督分类的基础上 ,结合该地区森林经营历史资料 ,基于采伐迹地的空间位置、形状、面积、采伐方式等 ,从森林采伐及其造成的生态后果的角度 ,对森林资源的变化及利用状况进行了评价。研究结果表明 :2 0世纪 80年代中期以前 ,研究区对森林资源的利用强度很大 ,伐区布局不够合理 ,至 90年代末利用强度有所减弱 ,伐区布局趋向合理。从两个时期采伐方式来看 ,单个采伐地块的面积有许多地块明显超过采伐规程所规定的面积上限 ,而保留森林地块的面积基本都小于邻近采伐地块的面积 ,不符合采伐规程的“等面积”要求 ;从采伐地块的空间分布来看 ,由于森林采伐、更新过程中缺乏生态学 ,特别是景观生态学原理的指导 ,大多数采伐地块连为一整片 ,孤立了保留的森林地块 ,完整的原始林分被严重破碎化 ,间隔带状皆伐却造成了和大面积皆伐同样的后果。 15 a间研究区地物覆盖类型发生很大变化 ,其主要原因是森林采伐造成的。基于研究结果 ,指出了当地森林经营策略存在的问题及改进方法 ,以期能为当地森林资源的可持续经营及森林生态服务功能的充分发挥提供借鉴     

长白山林区森林生物量变化定量驱动分析

根据研究区单木生物量模型及森林资源清查资料计算样地生物量,采用试验精度较高的遥感模型进行4期遥感数据的森林生物量估算,获得区域单位面积生物量变化值,并利用bootstrap方法对引起这种变化的气象因素、森林经营活动因素和社会经济因素等驱动因子进行变量筛选,利用偏最小二乘算法建立不同时间段的森林生物量变化驱动模型,计算变量投影重要性指标（VIP）定量刻画各因素对森林生物量变化的影响重要程度.结果表明：目前人为因素对长白山林区森林生物量变化的影响程度（VIP值）已经小于自然因素,说明国家对林区的森林保护政策已经起到了明显的效果.本文拓宽了森林生物量变化驱动分析的内容,引入了VIP值对森林生物量的变化驱动因子进行定量刻画,为定量分析森林生物量的变化提供了一条新的途径.