骨皮质核DNA分析在法医学中的应用研究

目的:为探讨在白骨化案件的骨皮质中提取到一定质和量的可供核DNA分析的DNA模板,本文从受环境因素和生物因素影响较小的骨皮质中有效地提取到了核DNA,并成功地进行DNA分析,进行个人识别和亲子鉴定.方法:采集10根无关个体胫骨骨皮质,分别用有机法、Chelex-100法、有机法结合Chelex-100法、有机法结合磁珠纯化柱法4种方法提取骨皮质核DNA,用常规荧光标记复合STR基因分型法成功分析骨皮质核DNA,获得满意STR基因座分型.结果:有机法能提取到骨皮质核DNA,进行STR分型时部分样本图谱峰值不均衡;仅用Chelex-100法提取的核DNA得不到STR分型结果或出现较多的等位基因缺失;有机法结合Chelex-100法、有机法结合磁珠纯化柱法提取的核DNA均能成功进行STR分型,没有等位基因的缺失,其中有机法结合磁珠纯化柱法提取的核DNA检测成功率最高.结论:骨皮质中能提取到核DNA,可以成功地进行DNA分析.     

磁珠法在微量检材DNA提取中的应用

目的:研究磁珠法提取微量生物检材DNA物质的可行性。方法:对汗斑、微量唾液斑、指甲这3类微量生物检材采用磁珠法提取DNA,经过STR荧光复合扩增,ABI310测序仪检测,进行STR分型,以检测提取方法的灵敏度。结果:这3类微量生物检材获得了完整的STR分型。结论:磁珠法提取微量检材中DNA物质的效果较好。     

Chelex-100法及酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫DNA的比较

目的-比较Chelex-100法和酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫基因组DNA。方法-分别用Chelex-100法和酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫基因组DNA,用PCR法检测DNA提取的有效性。结果两种方法提取的DNA经PCR扩增均有特定的条带。结论-两种方法均能提取阴道毛滴虫DNA。Chelex-100方法简便、省时,较适用于分子生物学研究及临床PCR扩增使用。     

Chelex-100快速提取放线菌DNA作为PCR扩增模板

旨在建立有效扩增16S rRNA基因序列的放线菌DNA快速提取的方法。采用Chelex-100法提取放线菌DNA,使用PCR扩增16S rRNA基因序列评价提取核酸的质量。结果显示,Chelex-100法能够在10 min之内从放线菌中快速提取DNA,所提取的DNA可以直接用于PCR扩增反应,PCR扩增产物电泳条带清晰,符合理论预期结果。因此,Chelex-100法提取放线菌DNA可以作为16S rRNA基因序列PCR扩增的模板,该方法具有经济、简便、快速的特点,适合于放线菌菌株大规模地筛选和分类鉴定。     

改良Chelex-100法快速提取转基因农产品DNA

旨在建立一种从转基因农产品中快速提取DNA的方法.分别采用改良Chelex-100法和常规CTAB法提取转基因大豆GTS40-3-2基因组DNA,测其浓度和纯度,PCR扩增其内源基因(Lectin)、启动子(CaMV35S)和品系特异性序列,对两种方法进行比较和评价,并研究两种方法提取的DNA在-20℃下保存一个月内的检测效果,以及改良Chelex-100法在玉米、小麦和水稻等其他转基因农产品的应用效果.结果表明,改良Chelex-100法能够快速在1.5h之内从样品中提取DNA,所提取的DNA直接用于PCR扩增反应,产物电泳条带清晰明亮.两种方法提取的DNA在-20℃下保存一个月内的检测效果未见明显差别.该方法在玉米、小麦和水稻等转基因农产品的应用效果稳定.因此,改良Chelex-100法提取的DNA可以作为PCR扩增模板用于转基因农产品检测.该方法具有经济、简便、快速、安全的特点,适合转基因农产品大规模筛选和鉴别.     

快速STR分型在法医DNA分析中的应用研究进展

STR分型是目前世界通用的DNA指纹分析方法.传统的分型方法包括DNA提取、DNA定量、PCR扩增和对扩增后的STR片段进行检测和分析,耗时较长(8¹0 h).一些情况下很难满足案件的实际需求.法医学家们在加快STR分型的方法研究一直不懈努力.现从快速提取DNA、无提取直接PCR、快速PCR、微流控芯片技术在STR快速分型方面的应用四方面,对近年来出现的可进行快速STR分型的新技术、新方法进行综述.     

Chelex-100快速提取用于转基因检测DNA模板的研究

目的:建立从转基因作物中快速提取DNA的方法.方法 :采用Chelex-100法提取抗草甘膦大豆和非转基因大豆、转基因抗虫玉米Bt176和非转基因玉米中的DNA,使用PCR扩增大豆和玉米的内源基因(Lectin,zSSⅡb)及外源特异性序列(CaMV35S,Bt176)评价提取核酸的质量.结果 :Chelex-100法能够快速在1h之内从大豆和玉米中提取DNA,所提取的DNA可以直接用于PCR扩增反应,PCR扩增产物电泳条带清晰,转基因抗草甘膦大豆样品和转基因抗虫玉米Bt176检测均出现强阳性结果.结论 :Chelex-100法提取DNA可以作为转基因检测的模板,该方法具有经济、简便、快速的特点,适合于转基因检测工作.     

STR 分型应用于病理标本污染的个体识别

目的:通过STR分型,对两例卵巢囊腺癌病理标本的组织细胞进行个体识别,以鉴别其中一例病理标本癌细胞是否源于污染。方法:对甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织,分别切片后在倒置显微镜下,用显微操作系统分离出不同形态的细胞团,对提取的DNA样本进行常规STR扩增检验。结果:经过STR分型比对,证实病理标本存在污染,其中一例的癌细胞来源于另一个体。结论:STR分型是用于病理石蜡包埋组织标本污染个体识别的有效手段。     

甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织4种DNA提取方法的比较分析

本研究以10例甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织（FFPET）作为疑难检材,将其制成蜡膜,分别以二甲苯-Chelex100法、脱蜡液-Chelex100法、脱蜡液-Vazyme FastPure FFPE DNA Isolation试剂盒（简称FP试剂盒）、脱蜡液-北京天根石蜡包埋组织基因组提取试剂盒法（简称天根试剂盒）提取DNA,进行紫外分光光度计测定（浓度、纯度）及短串联重复序列（STR）分型检测（23个常染色体）,通过比较分析FFPET在4种不同提取方法中的提取质量、STR分型质量和检出率,从而寻求一种高效简便、经济实用、方便快捷的甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织中DNA提取方法。结果表明：应用4种方法提取的石蜡包埋组织蜡膜DNA经紫外分光光度计测定后显示,应用2种Chelex100法提取的DNA浓度高于2款试剂盒,试剂盒提取的DNA的纯度优于另外2种方法,以上差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;FP试剂盒提取DNA的平均浓度和纯度均优于天根试剂盒,无显著性差异（P>0.05）;STR分型普遍存在不同基因座和同一基因座不同等位基因之间的扩增不均衡,呈现前高后低状态;STR平均检出率为FP试剂...     

不同方法提取生物检材DNA的比较研究

目的:比较有机法、chelex100法和硅珠法提取不同检材DNA的优劣,从而为各类检材的DNA提取提供参考。方法:用有机法、chlex100法和SiO2法分别提取2组共24份生物检材DNA进行扩增检验,比较分析结果。结果:对不同生物检材的DNA检验,有机法、chlex100法和SiO2法各有其优势和局限性。结论:针对不同检材采用不同提取方法,可以有效节约检验时间,提高检验成功率。     

Comparative analysis of three methods from dried blood spots for expeditious DNA extraction from mosquitoes; suitable for PCR based techniques

The objective of this work was to compare the quality, purity and quantity of DNA isolated from dried blood spots (DBS) by three methods (Chelex-100, QIAamp DNA mini kit, and TE (Tris EDTA)-Buffer). Sample collection was performed in six districts in Odisha, India and screened for cases of clinical malaria and dengue and vector density. Mosquito abdomens were spotted on Whatman 3MM (MERCK) Filter paper and dried for 10 min at room temperature. DNA was isolated from DBS using three methods (Chelex-100, QIAamp DNA mini kit, and TE-Buffer), and PCR was used to determine the feeding behaviours of vector mosquitoes. DNA was quantified using a UV-spectrophotometer, and q-PCR was used to determine the target gene copy number to compare the methods. The QIAamp DNA mini kit method was used as the reference method. The yield and purity of DNA extracted with Chelex-100 and TE were 14–72 ng/µl and 1.51–1.85 and 9–50 ng/µl and 1.68–2.1, respectively. DNA extracted using the Chelex-100 method was stored for over 1 month at ? 20 °C and was suitable for later use. The Chelex-100 method had a sensitivity of 99.5% and specificity of 78%. A Bland–Altman plot suggested that the Chelex-100 method was similar to the QIAamp DNA mini kit method for determining the feeding behaviours of vector mosquitoes. The Chelex-100 method is simple, cost-effective, and safe and requires minimal time for DNA extraction from dried blood spots. In malaria and dengue research, detecting the feeding behaviours from mosquito DNA from dried blood spots on filter paper by PCR is an easy, minimally invasive and inexpensive molecular technique that can be performed in remote areas.

     

Effect of saliva processing on bacterial DNA extraction

More than 700 bacterial species inhabit oral cavity of humans. Various oral diseases are related to changes in the structure of this complex community. Their pathogenesis can, thus, be better understood by study of oral microbial flora. As many bacteria are refractory to cultivation, molecular approaches based on PCR followed by downstream analysis are more suitable for community analysis than culture dependent methods. Effective DNA extraction from the sample matrix is a fundamental part of the pre-analytical phase but it can be influenced by processing of the starting material. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of saliva processing on DNA extraction using several non-commercial isolation procedures. Bacterial chromosomal DNA was extracted from three different sample matrices: fresh saliva, diluted saliva and pelleted saliva using four different extraction methods: phenol chloroform protocol, benzyl-chloride protocol, extraction with Chelex-100 and extraction with Triton X. Extraction from different saliva samples and the use of different extraction methods significantly affected the effectiveness of DNA extraction. The most suitable material for bacterial DNA extraction for molecular analysis is a fresh saliva sample. The most effective methods for isolating salivary DNA are the benzyl-chloride protocol and Chelex-100 extraction. Our results have implications for studies concentrating on salivary microbiome and its role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases.     

Molecular approach to the characterisation of fungal communities: methods for DNA extraction, PCR amplification and DGGE analysis of painted art objects

A protocol for efficient extraction of fungal DNA from micromycetes colonising painted art objects was developed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors were successfully removed by a combined application of a Chelex-100 adsorption resin and a Geneclean Kit for Ancient DNA. Universal fungal primers for PCR amplification of 28S rDNA (U1 and U2) were tested for their applicability in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of fungal communities. Artificially produced mortar samples inoculated with fungal pure cultures isolated from mural paintings were used as model objects for DNA extractions and DGGE analysis. Good resolution in DGGE was achieved using 260-bp rDNA fragments amplified with U1/DGGE and U2 primers directly from model communities.     

锈菌夏孢子DNA的微量快速提取方法

采用4种方法对毛白杨锈病单个夏孢子堆DNA提取和ITS—PCR扩增表明,钢珠法、玻片法均是锈菌基因组DNA微量快速提取的合适方法,以钢珠法最优,整个过程仅需30min,并且可以获得与CTAB法、氯化苄法相同的PCR扩增结果。钢珠法是在提取液中加入2-3颗钢珠,靠钢珠在涡旋中的相互碰撞将夏孢子破壁,以同时加入NaOH(终浓度3．3％)和Chelex-100(终浓度1．6％)效果最好,ITS-PCR扩增能稳定得到700bp片段。玻片法也能得到相同的结果。分析比较了4种方法的优缺点。     

一种快速高效提取病原真菌DNA作为PCR模板的方法

真菌rDNA-ITS序列分析适合于较高等级水平的生物群体间的系统分析。真菌DNA的提取采用传统的方法,步骤繁琐,需要较长时间。采用Chelex-100法提取真菌DNA,使用PCR扩增rDNA-ITS序列评价提取核酸的质量。结果显示,该方法具有经济、简便、快速、高效的特点,是一种比较理想的提取真菌基因组DNA作为PCR模板的方法。     

Rapid and reliable DNA extraction techniques from trypan-blue-stained mycorrhizal roots: comparison of two methods

Two improved DNA extraction techniques from trypan-blue-stained root fragments were developed and compared for rapid and reliable analyses. In Method A, 1 cm trypan-blue-stained mycorrhizal root fragments were individually isolated, crushed by bead beating, and purified with Chelex-100 (Bio-Rad). In Method B, DNA extraction was carried out using an UltraClean microbial DNA isolation kit (MoBio Laboratories). DNA was extracted from the mycorrhizal roots of four plant species, quantified by UV absorbance, and PCR-amplified with primers specific to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Although PCR inhibitors might still exist when using Method A, appropriate dilution and employment of nested-PCR overcame this problem. Method B removed PCR inhibitors, but sometimes, depending on the mycorrhizal colonization within the root fragments, it also required nested PCR. In conclusion, both methods enabled us to handle many samples in a short time. Method B provided greater reliability and Method A provided better cost performance. Both techniques can be useful for PCR-based applications to identify species and estimate species composition after measuring mycorrhizal colonization rate with trypan blue staining.     

Eight-hour PCR-based procedure for the detection of Salmonella in raw oysters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a nested PCR system to detect Salmonella senftenberg in raw oysters. The specific primers of the PCR were derived from the invA gene sequence, essential for Salmonella invasiveness into epithelial cells. First, for the extraction of DNA, four methods (guanidine isothiocyanate, E.Z.N.A. Mollusc Kit, Chelex-100, and lysis with detergents) were compared. A nested PCR method combined with 3.5 h pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water (BPW) and DNA extraction by the resin Chelex-100 is proposed for the detection of S. senftenberg in oyster samples. The detection limit of the method is less than 0.1 CFU/ml (<1 CFU/g of oyster). This procedure is shown to be an excellent tool for the sensitive detection of S. senftenberg from naturally contaminated oysters, with results being obtained within 8 h.     

Statistical assessment of DNA extraction methodology for culture-independent analysis of microbial community associated with diverse environmental samples

Cost-effectiveness, quality, time-effectiveness and ease of the methodology are the most crucial factors in isolating quality DNA from wide variety of samples. Thus, research efforts focusing on the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol is the need of the hour. The present study therefore, focuses on development of an efficient, rapid and free of inhibitory substances based methodology for extracting metagenomic DNA from diverse environmental samples viz. anaerobic biogas digesta, ruminant stomach, human feces, soil, and microbial starter cultures used for preparation of fermented food. PCR–DGGE based analysis and quality metagenomic library preparation, using DNA extraction methodology, validates the developed protocol. The developed protocol is cost effective, capable of isolating DNA from small sample size (100–1000 µl), time efficient (1.5–2.0 h protocol) and results in significantly higher DNA yield (4–8 times increased yield) when compared to previously available DNA extraction method and a commercial DNA extraction kit. The DNA extracted from the samples using different protocols was evaluated based on its ability to identify diverse microbial species using PCR–DGGE profiles targeting variable region within the 16S rRNA gene. The results of microbial community analysis revealed comparability of the developed protocol to commercial kits, in effectively identifying dominant representatives of the microbial community in different samples. Using the DNA extracted from the presented methodology, metagenomic libraries were prepared, which were found suitable for sequencing on Illumina platform.     

Extraction of inhibitor-free metagenomic DNA from polluted sediments, compatible with molecular diversity analysis using adsorption and ion-exchange treatments

PCR inhibitor-free metagenomic DNA of high quality and high yield was extracted from highly polluted sediments using a simple remediation strategy of adsorption and ion-exchange chromatography. Extraction procedure was optimized with series of steps, which involved gentle mechanical lysis, treatment with powdered activated charcoal (PAC) and ion-exchange chromatography with amberlite resin. Quality of the extracted DNA for molecular diversity analysis was tested by amplifying bacterial 16S rDNA (16S rRNA gene) with eubacterial specific universal primers (8f and 1492r), cloning of the amplified 16S rDNA and ARDRA (amplified rDNA restriction analysis) of the 16S rDNA clones. The presence of discrete differences in ARDRA banding profiles provided evidence for expediency of the DNA extraction protocol in molecular diversity studies. A comparison of the optimized protocol with commercial Ultraclean Soil DNA isolation kit suggested that method described in this report would be more efficient in removing metallic and organic inhibitors, from polluted sediment samples.