基于GIS的视觉景观影响定量评价方法理论与实践

在人地关系日益紧张的今天,一些可能产生视觉景观不良影响的项目不得不建设于自然保护区、历史文化遗迹等视觉景观敏感区内或附近,为避免建设项目对自然、历史、文化、旅游资源产生不必要的损失或造成难以弥补的遗憾,视觉景观环境影响评价就显得尤为重要.视觉景观环境影响评价在中国尚处于探索阶段,相关的研究多数集中在理论综述和定性的评价.以某建设项目对明十三陵景区的景观影响评价为例,对如何运用GIS空间分析功能,开展视觉景观环境影响定量评价研究展开探讨.

Quantitative method of visual landscape EIA based on GIS: a case of the Ming Tombs

Nowadays, the human-earth interrelationship is getting more and more strained. A typical example is that certain projects, which tend to cause environmentally negative impacts, have to be constructed within sensitive regions of visual landscape or nearby such as the core areas of natural reserve, historical heritage, etc. Thus visual landscape EIA, which is helpful to avoid un-reparative value loss of natural, historical, cultural and tourist resources caused by construction projects, comes to be extremely important. However, studies on visual landscape EIA in current China is still at the starting stage, and most of which focus only on theoretic summaries as well as qualitative assessments. Taking impact assessment of a construction project on the Ming Tombs landscape as a case, we discussed the quantitative method in assessing environmental impact of visual landscape with utilizing the spatial analysis functions in Geographical Information System.