树木抗病基因研究进展

在长期进化过程中，植物形成了一系列防御机制，抵抗各类病原物入侵，抗病R基因在其中发挥着关键作用。R基因的研究，在农作物中取得很大进展，已成为植物病理学的研究热点。相比之下，树木抗病基因研究较为落后，虽从苹果、杨树和柚子中已分离了几个与已知R基因具有类似结构与功能的基因，但还没有真正的树木抗病R基因被克隆出来；目前，大部分研究主要集中在利用分子标记构建连锁图谱，寻找抗病数量性状位点（Quantitative trait loci，QTL）和与R基因紧密连锁或共分离的质量性状标记；其中一些标记已经应用在分子辅助选育中，并显示了诱人的应用前景。另外，利用已知抗病R基因的保守区域，从多种植物中已扩增出许多抗病基因类似序列，它们大多被转化为与R基因紧密连锁的标记或被当作抗病候选基因。

Research Advances of Resistant Genes in Forest Trees

Plants have evolved a series of defense strategies against the invasion of various diseases and resistant genes play a crucial role in these strategies. The research about resistant genes of crops has made great progress and become a hotspot in the field of plant pathology. In contrast ,the research about resistant genes of trees has still lagged behind. Although several genes that are similar in structure and function to known resistant genes have been isolated from apple,poplar and pomelo,no real resistant genes of trees have been cloned yet. Now, most research is focusing on linkage-map construction by molecular marker, QTL localization, and markers of qualitative traits closely linked to or co-segregating with resistant genes. Some of these markers have been put into use in molecularly-assisted breeding and presented an attractive prospect. In addition ,many similar sequences to the sequences of resistant genes have been amplified in quiet a few plants by means of the conservative regions of known resistant genes and most of them have been transformed into the markers closely linked to resistant genes or used as candidates of resistant genes.