江豚气管和肺的解剖学与组织学研究

鲸类气管和肺的解剖学研究,早在17世纪末就开始进行。近年来,我国的珍稀动物白鱀豚(Lipotes vexillifer)已分别由陈宜瑜等(1975)进行了形态解剖,刘仁俊等(1980)进行了呼吸系统的解剖和组织学研究。有关江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)的呼吸系统仅秉志(1926)作过极简短的大体结构描述,有关其组织学的观察,目前尚无报道。本文对江豚气管、肺的解剖和组织学进行了详细的观察。

STUDY ON THE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF TRACHEA AND LUNG OF NEOPHOCAENA ASIAEORIENTALIS

The trachea of Neophocaena is divided into the right and left truncus bronchialis magistralis and apical lobar bronchus. The apical lobar bronchus branches off in a rather superior position, which is similar to that in Li-potes.The lung of Neophocaena is divided into two lobes,the right and the left lobe,and they are undivided. The hilus pulmonis is in a superior position.From the trachea to respiratory bronchiole, tissue of cartilages exists generally,and at the entrance from respiratory bronchiole to the alveolar duct, it is also present.All these cartilages are hyaline ones.The mucoserous epithelia of trachea, bronchus and small bronchus are all pseudo stratified columar ciliated epithelia without any goblet cell,and below the bronchiole the epithelia become simple cuboidal and squamous.A number of glands are discovered in the submucosa of trachea and bronchus. The lymphatic nodules are discovered in the submucosa of bronchusThe sphincter exists at the entrance from the respiratory bronchiole to the alveolar duct.Smooth muscles are found from all parts of trachea to alveolar wall. The whole trachea is rich in elastic fibers.