卧龙自然保护区落叶松林不同恢复阶段的嗜尸性甲虫物种多样性

在四川卧龙国家自然保护区，以天然落叶阔叶林（约100年生）为对照，选择新种植（5年生）、幼年（15年生）和成熟（45年生）的3种落叶松种植林，采用引诱法分别在地表和地上1.5 m处取样，研究处于不同恢复阶段林地中的嗜尸性甲虫物种多样性及其变化格局。共采集甲虫标本3 066号，其中隐翅虫、球蕈甲和埋葬甲科分别占总个体数的43.71%、31.83%和17.97%。嗜尸性甲虫的多度格局呈对数正态分布，随着落叶松林树龄的增长，其分布格局更加接近天然林。物种丰富度和多样性在3种落叶松林内均显著低于天然林，且在3种落叶松林中，新种植的最低。主坐标分析排序和聚类分析表明，不同树龄的落叶松林和天然阔叶林间的嗜尸性甲虫群落组成存在显著差异。以上结果表明，落叶松种植林尚无法取代天然落叶阔叶林在维持嗜尸性甲虫物种多样性中的作用。

Species diversity of sarcosaprophagous beetles (Coleoptera) in larch plantations at different stages of reforestation in Wolong Natural Reserve,Southwestern China

This paper studies the influences of forest regeneration on the species diversity of sarcosaprophagous beetles (Coleoptera) in Wolong Natural Reserve (102°52′-103°24′E, 30°45′-31°25′N), Southwestern China. Comparisons were made among larch plantations dominated by Larix kaempferi of different ages (namely, 5 years, 15 years, and 45 years after being planted) and natural deciduous broad-leaved forest (ca. 100 years old). Bait traps were used in the field collections and laid in two ways, on the ground and 1.5 m high above the ground. A total of 3 066 beetles were collected, of which 43.71% belonged to Staphylinidae, 31.83% Leiodidae, and 17.97% Silphidae. These three families are so considered as dominant groups. Species-abundance patterns fit the lognormal distribution; the patterns of the larch plantations, as their age increases, resembled more and more closely to that of the natural broad-leaved forest. Species richness and diversity were significantly lower in the larch plantations than in the natural broad-leaved forest, and the lowest values of both were observed in the 5-year-old larch plantation. Based on the species composition and abundance, sarcosaprophagous beetles of the three larch plantations and the adjacent natural broad-leaved forest could be separated from each other by ordinations based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis. Our results showed that larch plantations could not completely replace natural broad-leaved forests in the role of conserving the biodiversity of sarcosaprophagous beetles.