火龙果茎基因组DNA提取方法改良

火龙果(Hylocereus undulatus)是近年发展起来的一种新兴热带水果, 其茎富含多糖、多酚及其它次生代谢物, 黏性极大, 很难从中提取高质量的DNA。特别是一年生以上的老茎, 目前尚未有较好的DNA提取方法。为了解决这一难题, 该研究对CTAB+Tris-HCl洗涤法进行了3种方式的改良。结果表明, “改进三”方法可不受取样时期和取样部位的限制, 从一年生以上火龙果茎中提取的DNA质量最好且不含黏性物质, 可用于酶切与分子标记等生化和分子生物学实验。该研究探索了一条较为理想的火龙果茎DNA提取方法, 值得推广应用。     

干热河谷石漠化区火龙果地不同耕作方式的土壤矿质元素特征

为探讨不同耕作方式的土壤矿质元素含量变化特征,促进火龙果生长发育和品质改良,该研究采用套种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、施用有机肥和化肥与农药、地膜覆盖和无措施五种耕作方式,以每种方式土壤的22种矿质元素为评价指标,比较不同耕作方式的矿质元素含量差异,阐明土壤矿质元素之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)与无措施相比,其他耕作方式的Ca、Si、Mn等元素含量呈增加趋势,Fe、Mg、Al等元素含量则降低,Na含量无显著差异。(2)施用有机肥的矿质元素含量最丰富,地膜覆盖次之,套种紫花苜蓿最低。(3)相关性分析表明,火龙果地土壤矿质元素间多存在显著相关性,Al、Si、S、Ni与其他元素的相关性较密切,其次为Fe、Mg、Na、Mn、Cu和Co,均达到显著或极显著水平。(4) Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn和B之间多呈负相关,存在拮抗效应。干热河谷石漠化区在火龙果栽培时,应首选有机肥作为养分添加方式,并及时补充不同耕作方式造成的土壤矿质养分亏缺,尤其是Fe、Mg、Al、Na、Cu、Zn等元素。     

基于转录组的不同火龙果品种抗性差异分析

不同的品种抗性不同,为进一步探究不同火龙果品种之间的抗性差异,为后续火龙果抗性育种提供参考,该研究利用Illumina HiSeq 2000测序平台对'普通白肉'(BR)和'厄瓜多尔黄龙'(EY)两个品种进行转录组测序分析,并参考GO Ontology、KEGG等公共数据库对差异表达基因进行功能分类与富集分析.结果表明...     

First Report of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum in China

Anthracnose disease was detected from dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) at a market of Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. The results of pathogenicity test, morphology studies and sequence analyses based on ITS and β‐tubulin loci indicated that the disease was caused by Colletotrichum truncatum. The pathogen produced elliptic, yellow spots with chlorotic halos on the surface of the fruit, and the lesion become depressed gradually. Grey to black acervuli appeared on the lesion surface in concentric circles later. This is the first report of dragon fruit anthracnose caused by this pathogen in China.     

外源水杨酸对低温胁迫下火龙果幼苗的形态及生理效应

为探究外源水杨酸(SA)对低温胁迫下火龙果幼苗形态及生理的影响，该研究以‘紫红龙’火龙果幼苗为材料，将4个不同浓度的SA(0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7 mmol·L^-1)喷施叶片，48 h后4℃低温培养，于第0、第3、第6、第9天观察火龙果幼苗形态及叶片组织结构的变化，并测定叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸)含量及抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶)活性等生理指标。结果表明：(1)低温胁迫下，火龙果幼苗呈现0级、Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级3个冷害等级，SA处理后的火龙果幼苗出现Ⅰ级冷害和Ⅱ级冷害的株数百分率均明显降低。(2)与低温对照相比，SA处理能降低火龙果幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量并提高渗透调节物含量和抗氧化酶活性。(3)通过对不同SA处理结果进行比较分析，发现缓解冷害症状、降低相对电导率和丙二醛含量、提高可溶性糖和脯氨酸的含量、提高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性均以0.3 mmol·L^-1 SA效果最好，提高可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性分别以0.7、...     

Metaxenia in the vine cacti Hylocereus polyrhizus and Selenicereus spp

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flowers of the vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus grown in Israel must be hand pollinated due to self-incompatibility and lack of efficient pollinators. In controlled pollination experiments, it was found that the time elapsed between pollination and ripening depends on the source of the pollen. Therefore a study was made of some effects of the pollen source on fruit development. METHODS: Flowers of Hylocereus polyrhizus were pollinated on the same day with different pollen sources and the stigmas were covered. Fruits were collected 4 d after reaching full colour. RESULTS: Pollinating flowers of Hylocereus polyrhizus with Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. megalanthus pollen delayed ripening by 1 and 3 weeks, respectively, as compared with ripening of fruits pollinated with Hylocereus undatus pollen. Other fruit characteristics affected by the pollen source were fruit size, pulp dry weight and number of seeds per fruit, all being significantly reduced, while peel dry weight was significantly increased by S. megalanthus pollen. Total soluble sugar content was reduced in H. polyrhizus fruits pollinated with S. grandiflorus pollen. No other major traits were affected. CONCLUSIONS: The results are evidence for the existence of metaxenia, i.e. an effect of pollen on maternal tissues, in cacti fruits. This pollen effect on the fruit-ripening time may be used for extending the marketing period of H. polyrhizus fruits.     

Organogenesis in the vine cactus Selenicereus megalanthus using thidiazuron

Segments of distal and proximal parts of the cotyledons, hypocotyls and epicotyls of yellow pitaya [Selenicereus megalanthus (Cactaceae)], were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ). The proximal part of the cotyledons was found to be the most responsive tissue, maximal bud regeneration being achieved in the presence of 200 M thidiazuron. However, TDZ does not change the pattern of regeneration competence, which remains restricted to the proximal part of the cotyledons. The best medium for shoot elongation was found to be MS lacking plant growth regulators. Rooting was induced on MS medium supplemented with 5.3 M naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooted plantlets were transferred to a soil medium and acclimatized successfully in a greenhouse.     

火龙果汁发酵饮品的研制

火龙果不但营养丰富而且具有一定的保健功能。本试验以新鲜的红皮白肉型火龙果果实的榨汁为原料,分别对发酵工艺条件、蔗糖添加量、柠檬酸用量、稳定剂用量等条件进行了研究,通过单因素试验和正交试验,得到火龙果汁发酵饮料的最佳工艺配方。采用该工艺配方制备的发酵饮料澄清透明,具有清新的果香和淡淡的醇香,酸甜可口,口感顺滑。     

60Co γ射线辐照和EMS处理对火龙果成活率及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同剂量的60Coγ射线辐照火龙果枝条,结果表明,枝条的成活率随辐照剂量的增加而降低,白肉火龙果枝条的适宜辐照范围为5 446.6～6 060.1 Rad,红肉火龙果枝条的适宜辐照范围为4 444.1～4 981.7 Rad,粉红火龙果枝条的适宜辐照范围为5 069.1～5 601.0 Rad;辐照处理抑制了火龙果...     

不同光质补光对火龙果茎生理特性及开花结果的影响

为探究不同光质补光对火龙果茎生理特性的影响,该文采用红光、白光、蓝光3种不同光质对火龙果进行夜间补光,测定火龙果茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、线粒体蛋白、线粒体膜电位及细胞分裂素(CTK)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)3种内源激素的含量,并统计茎长、开花数、果实产量相关指标.结果表明:3种光质补光均可提高火龙...