黄芩苷对嗜水气单胞菌生物膜形成的影响及体内外的抑菌作用

[目的] 探讨中药单体黄芩苷对嗜水气单胞菌在体内外生长及生物膜形成的影响。[方法] 体外实验中,利用牛津杯法检测抑菌圈直径,结晶紫法检测生物膜的形成,通过泳动实验检测黄芩苷对嗜水气单胞菌运动性的影响,紫外吸收法检测细胞膜完整性,用透射电镜技术观察黄芩苷对细菌形态的影响。体内实验利用草鱼为对象检测黄芩苷对嗜水气单胞菌增殖的影响。[结果] 黄芩苷在体外对嗜水气单胞菌有明显的抑菌效果,通过对生物膜的研究发现黄芩苷对生物膜形成具有抑制作用,并同时抑制其运动性。同时黄芩苷可以破坏细胞结构,并增加了细胞膜通透性。体内实验结果显示黄芩苷对嗜水气单胞菌具有清除作用,且具有一定的浓度依赖性。[结论] 黄芩苷在体内外均具有抑制嗜水气单胞菌增殖的作用,有望在水产养殖病害防治工作中得到应用。     

CdS nanoparticles‐ enhanced chemiluminescence and determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations

CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) of different sizes were synthesized by the citrate reduction method. It was found that CdS NPs could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol‐potassium ferricyanide system and baicalin could inhibit CdS NPs‐enhanced luminol‐potassium ferricyanide CL signals in alkaline solution. Based on this inhibition, a flow‐injection CL method was established for determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of baicalin was 5.0 x 10^?6 to 1.0 x 10^?3 g/L. The detection limit at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 was 1.7 x 10 ^?6 g/L. CL spectra, UV‐visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the CL mechanism. The method described is simple, selective and obviates the need of extensive sample pretreatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flavonoid Production in Transformed Scutellaria baicalensis Roots and Ways of Its Regulation

A root culture of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi) transformed with pRi T-DNA was initiated by the inoculation of sterile seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes(wild-type strain A-4). The flavonoid concentration in cultured roots comprised 5% of the root dry weight and was maintained essentially constant during a subculture. For four weeks of culturing, the weight of the roots increased by 20–30 times; when the roots were cultured for a longer time and with periodic enrichment of the nutrient medium, their weight increased 50-fold. Skullcap roots were shown to synthesize flavones characteristic of intact roots (wogonin, baicalein, and baicalin). The addition of 0.01–1 mM L-phenylalanine (a precursor of flavonoids) to the nutrient medium affected neither root growth, nor their flavonoid concentration. Root elicitation with 100 M methyl jasmonate for 72 h increased the flavonoid content per flask and per root dry weight by 1.8 and 2.3 times, respectively.     

黄芩愈伤组织培养条件的研究

在暗培养条件下,黄芩愈伤组织生长和次级代谢物合成的最佳培养条件:在基本培养基MS中氮源浓度为60mmol/L(NH4 ∶NO3-为1∶1),KH2PO41.5mmol/L,附加80g/L蔗糖,0.3mg/LIAA、2mg/L6-BA和200mg/L蛋白胨,(25±1)℃。培养40d后收获愈伤组织生物量达28.7g/L,总黄酮的含量为354.6mg/g,黄芩苷的含量为167.4mg/g。并发现蔗糖作为一种最佳碳源,在黄芩次级代谢物合成过程中起着至关重要的作用。     

Baicalin positively regulates osteoclast function by activating MAPK/Mitf signalling

Activation of osteoblasts in bone formation and osteoclasts in bone resorption is important during the bone fracture healing process. There has been a long interest in identifying and developing a natural therapy for bone fracture healing. In this study, we investigated the regulation of osteoclast differentiation by baicalin, which is a natural molecule extracted from Eucommiaulmoides (small tree native to China). It was determined that baicalin enhanced osteoclast maturation and bone resorption activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, this involves the activation of MAPK, increased Mitf nuclear translocation and up‐regulation of downstream osteoclast‐related target genes expression. The baicalin‐induced effect on osteoclast differentiation can be mimicked by specific inhibitors of p‐ERK (U0126) and the Mitf‐specific siRNA, respectively. Protein–ligand docking prediction identified that baicalin might bind to RANK, which is the upstream receptor of p‐ERK/Mitf signalling in osteoclasts. This indicated that RANK might be the binding target of baicalin. In sum, our findings revealed baicalin increased osteoclast maturation and function via p‐ERK/Mitf signalling. In addition, the results suggest that baicalin can potentially be used as a natural product for the treatment of bone fracture.     

NO和茉莉酸甲酯对黄芩悬浮细胞生长及黄芩苷合成的影响

以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的供体,向黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)悬浮培养细胞系中添加SNP和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ),考察这两种诱导子在不同的添加时间、添加浓度及混合配比使用对黄芩悬浮细胞系生长和黄芩苷含量的影响。研究结果表明：低浓度的外源NO有利于细胞的生长,但对黄芩苷积累无作用,而MJ有利于黄芩苷的合成,但抑制细胞生长,且两者的适用浓度范围和添加时间存在差异。在细胞培养初期(0天)添加0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SNP,而在细胞生长对数中期(8天)添加10μmol·L~(-1)的MJ,细胞鲜重可达到对照的1.2倍,黄芩苷总量达到对照的2.96倍。     

均匀设计法优化黄芩愈伤组织培养基

目的:优化黄芩愈伤组织培养条件。方法:采用均匀设计法,以黄芩甙含量为主要考察指标,对黄芩愈伤组织生长的MS培养基成分进行多因素多水平考察。结果:最佳培养基为MS附加0.25mg/L NAA、0.5mg/L 6-BA、17g/L葡萄糖和35g/L蔗糖。最佳培养基黄芩甙含量为27.44mg/gDW。结论:用均匀设计法优化愈伤组织培养基省时、方便,且最佳培养基黄芩甙含量与预测值相近,且明显高于均匀设计实验方案中的黄芩甙含量。经SAS软件分析得出的优化方程拟合度很好。     

HPLC法测定慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量。色谱柱为ODS(C18),流动相为V(甲醇):V(水):V(磷酸)=47.0:53.0:0.2,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为室温。结果表明,黄芩苷进样量在0.084-0.840μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为98.58%(相对标准偏差RSD=1.49%,n=5)。该方法简便、快捷、准确、重现性好,可用于慢严舒柠颗粒中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

产黄芩苷内生真菌的筛选与鉴定

从药用植物黄芩根、茎、叶和花中分离得到17株内生真菌,其发酵液对10种指示菌进行抑菌活性测定,并通过薄层色谱(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对所分离到的内生真菌代谢产物进行分析。结果显示,所分离到的内生真菌中12株至少对一种指示菌有抑菌活性,其中3株(G2、J4和J5)具有较广的抑菌作用。从黄芩茎和花中分离得到的2株内生真菌J1、H3可以在人工培养基中产生黄芩活性成分——黄芩苷,结合菌落形态特征、显微观察及ITS序列分析,初步鉴定这2株菌株均属于青霉菌属。