Evolution of the lipoprotein gene in the enterobacteriaceae. Cloning and DNA sequence of the lpp gene from Proteus mirabilis

We cloned the lipoprotein gene from Proteus mirabilis and determined its DNA sequence. Comparison with the lpp genes from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora and Morganella morganii revealed several unique features of the evolution of the lpp gene in the Enterobacteriaceae and enabled us to establish phylogenetic relationships between these bacteria.     

RFLP-based maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat and their application in the tagging of Pm12, a powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from Aegilops speltoides to wheat

Genetic maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, have been constructed spanning 103 cM on 6A, 90 cM on 6B and 124 cM on 6D. These maps were transferred to a Chinese Spring (CS) x line #31 cross to locate a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm12, introgressed into line #31 from Aegilops speltoides. Pm12 was shown to lie on the short arm of translocation chromosome 6BS-6SS.6SL in line #31, but could not be mapped more precisely due to the lack of recombination between the 6S Ae. speltoides segment and chromosome 6B. Possible strategies to reduce the size of the alien segment, which probably encompasses the complete long arm and more than 82% of the short arm of chromosome 6B, are discussed.     

Rare earth complexation with 1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino-cis-inositol

The protonation constants of 1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyl-benzyl)amino-cis-inositol (thci) in I = 1 M (NaClO₄) were determined to be: pK_a1 5.96 ± 0.03, pK_a2 7.21 ± 0.01, pK_a3 8.32 ± 0.07, pK_a4 8.95 ± 0.06. The solvent extraction studies were consistent with the formation of the Ln(thci)³⁺ and complexes. The log of the stability constants (log β₁ and log β₂) at 25 °C in 1 M (NaClO₄) at pH 4 for formation of these complexes are reported. Laser luminescence measurements of the ⁷F₀-⁵D₀ transition of Eu(III) complexed by thci indicated two species. The shifts in the peaks relative to that of Eu(aq)³⁺ were comparable to the values reported for other complexes of Eu(III) with organic ligands, but the intensities were greater. Luminescence lifetime measurements of the fluorescence spectra indicated that the complex has 5 inner sphere water molecules bound to the Eu(III) cation at pH 6.71-8.52. This was consistent with bidentate chelation of Eu(III) with each thci molecule. gaussian view energy calculations indicated bonding for M(III) to the amino and hydroxyl groups of the cyclohexanetriol and (2-hydroxybenzyl)amino moieties in the Ln(thci)³⁺ complex.     

Domain movement of iron sulfur protein in cytochrome bc1 complex is facilitated by the electron transfer from cytochrome b(L) to b(H)

The key step of the "protonmotive Q-cycle" mechanism for cytochrome bc1 complex is the bifurcated oxidation of ubiquinol at the Qp site. ISP is reduced when its head domain is at the b-position and subsequent move to the c1 position, to reduce cytochrome c1, upon protein conformational changes caused by the electron transfer from cytochrome b(L) to b(H). Results of analyses of the inhibitory efficacy and the binding affinity, determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, of Pm and Pf, on different redox states of cytochrome bc1 complexes, confirm this speculation. Pm inhibitor has a higher affinity and better efficacy with the cytochrome b(H) reduced complex and Pf binds better and has a higher efficacy with the ISP reduced complex.     

与小麦白粉病抗性基因Pm2紧密连锁RAPD标记的筛选研究

以２５６个随机引物对含小麦抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ２近等基因系进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,发现１７个随机引物的扩增产物在抗、感ＮＩＬｓ材料间表现多态性,且其中５个引物经４次以上重复,均获相同结果,其多态性标记分别为ＯＰＭ０８(１６００)、ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)、ＯＰＨ１９(１１００、ＯＰＥ０９(９００)及ＯＰＭ１６(８５０)。当以这５个随机引物对１４个已知含Ｐｍ２基因的抗病材料及９个不含Ｐｍ２基因的感病材料进行检测时,只有标记ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)在１２个抗病材料中出现（另两个抗病材料中未检测到）,而在９个感病材料中均未出现。进一步用 ＯＰI(０４)对１０２株（Ｃｈａｎｃｅｌｌｏｒｘ Ｕｋａ／８＊Ｃｃ）Ｆ２分离群体进行分析,估算出标记ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)与Ｐｍ２基因间的遗传距离为１２．２±３．３ｃＭ。     

玉米细胞质雄性不育新类型Bao I、Bao II 的发现

经过10代自交选择,从157细胞质雄性不育基因源中育成了Bao I、 Bao II细胞质雄性不育系。应用35个自交系作测交试验,用小斑菌O、C、T生理小种做人工接种试验,初步确定这二个新类型的属组。Bao I型可能属S组,而Bao II型则为其它组。     

普通小麦—提莫菲维小麦白粉病抗性渐渗系中渗入片段的准确鉴定

用小麦（ Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．） 第二部分同源群的３６ 个探针,对携带抗白粉病（ Ｅｒｙｓｉｐｈｅ ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓｆ．ｓｐ ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉ） 基因Ｐｍ６ 的普通小麦提莫菲维小麦（ Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ Ｚｈｕｋ ．） 渐渗系进行检测,通过这些渐渗系与受体亲本“Ｐｒｉｎｓ”之间杂交谱带多态性的比较,发现所测出多态性标记位点均位于这５ 个渐渗系的２Ｂ 染色体上,但其渗入片段的位置与大小有明显区别。ＩＧＶ１＿４５６ 和ＩＧＶ１＿４５８ 被鉴定为２Ｂ 染色体从短臂标记Ｘｃｄｏ４０５ 到长臂标记Ｘｂｃｄ１３５ 之间的区域已被提莫菲维２Ｇ 染色体区段所代替;而ＩＧＶ１＿４６３ 则在２Ｂ 染色体长臂Ｘｂｃｄ３０７ 到Ｘｃｄｏ６７８ 标记之间的区域被提莫菲维渗入成分所代替;ＩＧＶ１＿４６４ 、ＩＧＶ１＿４６５ ２ＢＬ染色体上的渗入片段更小,即ＩＧＶ１＿４６４ 在２ＢＬ染色体上标记Ｘｐｓｒ９３４ 与Ｘｂｃｄ１３５ 之间的区域有提莫菲维２Ｇ 染色质成分渗入,ＩＧＶ１＿４６５ 仅在Ｘｂｃｄ１３５ 附近有更小的外源成分渗入。根据５个渐渗系渗入成分重叠区段比较可把Ｐｍ６ 定位于２ＢＬ染色体上Ｘｂｃｄ１３５ ２ＢＬ标记的邻近区域内     

The wheat durable,multipathogen resistance gene Lr34 confers partial blast resistance in rice

The wheat gene Lr34 confers durable and partial field resistance against the obligate biotrophic, pathogenic rust fungi and powdery mildew in adult wheat plants. The resistant Lr34 allele evolved after wheat domestication through two gain‐of‐function mutations in an ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene. An Lr34‐like fungal disease resistance with a similar broad‐spectrum specificity and durability has not been described in other cereals. Here, we transformed the resistant Lr34 allele into the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. Transgenic rice plants expressing Lr34 showed increased resistance against multiple isolates of the hemibiotrophic pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. Host cell invasion during the biotrophic growth phase of rice blast was delayed in Lr34‐expressing rice plants, resulting in smaller necrotic lesions on leaves. Lines with Lr34 also developed a typical, senescence‐based leaf tip necrosis (LTN) phenotype. Development of LTN during early seedling growth had a negative impact on formation of axillary shoots and spikelets in some transgenic lines. One transgenic line developed LTN only at adult plant stage which was correlated with lower Lr34 expression levels at seedling stage. This line showed normal tiller formation and more importantly, disease resistance in this particular line was not compromised. Interestingly, Lr34 in rice is effective against a hemibiotrophic pathogen with a lifestyle and infection strategy that is different from obligate biotrophic rusts and mildew fungi. Lr34 might therefore be used as a source in rice breeding to improve broad‐spectrum disease resistance against the most devastating fungal disease of rice.     

Somatic crossing over in glycine max (L). Merrill: Possible potentiation of the recombinogenic effect of caffeine by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside

The leaves of variety T219 of Glycine max (soybean) exhibit yellow, dark green and twin or double spots on the two simple leaves and the first compound leaf of heterozygous Y₁₁y₁₁ plants. These spots mimic the phenotypes controlled by Y₁₁y₁₁, Y₁₁Y₁₁ and Y₁₁Y₁₁−y₁₁y₁₁ genotypes. It has been argued that p recombination is responsible for the origin of twin spots. At least some of the single spots appear due to failure of one of the components of the double spots.Treatment of seeds with caffeine solutions increases the frequency of all types of spots, particularly those of doubles. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and cytosine-β-D-aranibofuranoside (CA), both inhibitors of DNA synthesis, cause potentiation of the effects of caffeine by increasing all three types of spots. Since the relative frequencies of the different types of spots do not differ much in caffeine plus FUdR (or CA) treated materials from those observed in case of caffeine treatment alone, it is suggested that (1) the increase in the frequency of spots in caffeine plus FUdR (or CA) treated material is not due simply to additive effect of the two chemical, and (2) there is true synergism between caffeine and FUdR (or CA) which somehow leads to enhancement of the phenomenon of compementary reunions.     

Use of RFLP markers for the identification of alleles of the Pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to genes for resistance to powdery mildew (Pm) in wheat using a series of Chancellor near-isogenic-lines (NILs), each having one powdery mildew resistance gene. A total of 210 probes were screened for their ability to detect polymorphism between the NILs and the recurrent parent. One of these restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (Xwhs179) revealed polymorphism not only between the NILs for the Pm3 locus, but also among NILs possessing different alleles of the Pm3 locus. The location of the marker Xwhs179 was confirmed to be on homoeologous chromosome group 1 with the help of nullitetrasomic wheat lines. The linkage relationship between this probe and the Pm3 locus was estimated with double haploid lines derived from a cross between wheat cvs Club and Chul (Pm3b). The genetic distance was determined to be 3.3±1.9 cM.