Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin recognizes α-linked galactose, but not N-acetyl lactosamine in N-linked oligosaccharide terminals

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA) is extensively used as tumour marker as it strongly recognises the cancer specific T antigen (Galβ1→3GalNAc-), but not its sialylated version. However, an additional specificity towards Galβ1→4GlcNAc (LacNAc), which is not tumour specific, had been attributed to PNA. For correct interpretation of lectin histochemical results we examined PNA sugar specificity using naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycoproteins, matrix-immobilised galactosides and lectin-binding tissue glycoproteins, rather than mono- or disaccharides as ligands. Dot-blots, transfer blots or polystyrene plate coatings of the soluble glycoconjugates were probed with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates of PNA and other lectins of known specificity. Modifications of PNA-binding glycoproteins, including selective removal of O-linked oligosaccharides and treatment with glycosidases revealed that Galβ1→4GlcNAc (LacNAc) was ineffective while terminal α-linked galactose (TAG) as well as exposed T antigen (Galβ1→3 GalNAc-) was excellent as sugar moiety in glycoproteins for their recognition by PNA. When immobilised, melibiose was superior to lactose in PNA binding. Results were confirmed using TAG-specific human serum anti-α-galactoside antibody.     

Structure and Function of the Peanut Panallergen Ara h 8

The incidence of peanut allergy continues to rise in the United States and Europe. Whereas exposure to the major allergens Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6 can cause fatal anaphylaxis, exposure to the minor allergens usually does not. Ara h 8 is a minor allergen. Importantly, it is the minor food allergens that are thought to be responsible for oral allergy syndrome (OAS), in which sensitization to airborne allergens causes a Type 2 allergic reaction to ingested foods. Furthermore, it is believed that similar protein structure rather than a similar linear sequence is the cause of OAS. Bet v 1 from birch pollen is a common sensitizing agent, and OAS results when patients consume certain fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, and peanuts. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of Ara h 8, a Bet v 1 homolog. The overall fold is very similar to that of Bet v 1, Api g 1 (celery), Gly m 4 (soy), and Pru av 1 (cherry). Ara h 8 binds the isoflavones quercetin and apigenin as well as resveratrol avidly.     

花生分子标记的研究进展

国内外对花生的研究特别是在分子水平上的研究相对水稻、油菜等农作物比较薄弱。近些年,分子标记技术迅速发展,在花生上也得到广泛的应用。本文从花生属起源、种质资源的遗传多样性、抗性基因的标记和指纹图谱等方面,综述了国内外花生分子标记的研究进展。     

花生对非繁殖期雌性黑线仓鼠细胞免疫和血液指标的影响

食物的数量和质量是影响动物免疫功能的重要因素。野生动物在选择食物时是否会优先选择有利于其健康的食物？为解决该问题,我们以黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)为研究对象,通过饲喂其喜食食物花生(Arachis hypogaea),然后检测反映健康状况的细胞免疫能力和血液指标。将30只非繁殖期成年雌性黑线仓鼠随机分为正常饲料组(normal fodder group,NF,n=10)、花生加饲料组(normal fodder plus peanuts group,NP,n=10)和花生组(Peanut,n=10),饲喂39 d后检测各项指标。结果发现Peanut组的体重增加,NP和Peanut组的摄食量降低。NP组注射植物血球凝集素(Phytohaemagglutinin,PHA)后12 h的PHA反应显著高于NF组。3组间白细胞数和淋巴细胞数在统计学上没有显著差异,但NP和Peanut组白细胞数比NF组分别高22.9%和25.0%,淋巴细胞数分别高15.0%和22.5%。NP和Peanut组红细胞数和红细胞压积显著高于NF组,而Peanut组血小板数显著高于NF和NP组。这些结果表明饲喂花生能增强黑线仓鼠的细胞免疫能力、输氧能力和凝血功能,这可能是其喜食花生的生理原因。     

安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子灯诱种群数量动态分析

2009-2011年连续3年利用频振式杀虫灯调查安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子成虫的种群动态,结果表明:2009-2011年3种金龟子灯诱总数整体呈下降趋势,且诱捕量为铜绿丽金龟暗黑鳃金龟华北大黑鳃金龟。华北大黑鳃金龟趋光性差,灯诱量低;暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟初见日一般为5月中下旬,高峰期为6月中旬,但暗黑鳃金龟比铜绿丽金龟一般晚7-10 d。金龟子出土与气候关系密切,当平均气温上升至20℃-25℃持续数日并保持上升的过程中,暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟诱捕量增大,但性比未呈现规律性差异。     

镍胁迫下产铁载体细菌对花生的促生性

【目的】挖掘镍耐受性强、产铁载体活性高的植物根际促生细菌,研究镍胁迫下产铁载体细菌对花生的促生作用及其对花生吸收镍的影响。【方法】利用CAS(Chrome azurol S)培养基对花生根际产铁载体细菌定性筛选及定量测试获得产铁载体能力强的菌株,16S r RNA基因相似性及系统进化分析鉴定产铁载体细菌,并用含Ni~(2+)牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基测试细菌对Ni的耐受性;通过花生盆栽实验,测试花生的株高、根长、生物量、氮磷钾含量及镍含量来分析镍胁迫下产铁载体细菌对花生的影响。【结果】从花生根际分离筛选产铁载体芽孢杆菌5株,其中HSGJ1产铁载体能力最强,培养2 d后产156.56 mg/L的铁载体。HSGJ1对Ni~(2+)具有较强的耐受性,最小致死浓度为150 mg/L。在50、100 mg/kg的Ni~(2+)盆栽基质中,HSGJ1能够有效地促进花生的生长、增加花生的生物量及氮磷钾含量,并使花生根部和地上部分的镍含量降低。【结论】产铁载体芽孢杆菌HSGJ1是一株优良的植物根际促生细菌,可应用于镍污染农耕土壤的作物种植中,以提高作物在镍胁迫下的抗逆性,降低作物对镍的富集量,具有较好的应用价值。     

花生RGA 片段的克隆及初步分析

目的:通过同源克隆获得了花生闽花6号的RGA片段,为其抗性的研究及抗性育种提供了参考资料。方法:试验分为两组:其一通过利用抗性基因的NBS保守区所设计的简并引物对花生品种闽花六号进行了RGA片段扩增,其二结合已登录的花生RGA片段序列经过多元比对后设计简并引物进行RGA片段的扩增及序列分析;分析比较两组克隆方法的效果。结果:测序分析表明:前者20条随机测序序列中没有一条与已知RGA片段序列相似;后者20条随机测序序列中有18条为RGA片段序列,其登录号为GenBankEU639668-EU639685。结论:前一种方法克隆扩增RGA基因片段的效率很低,而后一种方法克隆扩增效果更好,这为闽花6号花生的遗传改良提供了理论基础。     

高油酸花生遗传育种研究进展

花生是我国重要的油料作物,子仁中油酸和亚油酸的含量达到80%左右,其中油酸是影响花生油理化稳定性和营养价值的重要品质指标。十五以来,为进一步提升我国花生国际竞争力和满足国内人们对高品质花生油的消费需求,培育高油酸花生品种成为我国重要的花生品质育种目标之一。本文综述了国内外高油酸花生突变体、高油酸含量性状的遗传规律和分子机理、育成发放的高油酸花生品种的研究进展,对高油酸花生品种系谱、育成方式进行分析。分析高油酸花生育种中存在的问题,以期为我国高油酸花生育种提供参考。     

Thansgenic peanut plants obtained by particle bombardment via somatic embryogenesis regeneration system

INTRODUCTIONArachiS hypogaea L., Peanut or groundnut, isan importal commercial crop worldwide. It provides an excellellt source of protein and other nutrients. Its production and quality can be severelyimpacted under stressful growing conditions such ascdriate factors, pests and diseajses. Genetic engineering provides a prospective way to reduce certainproblems by transferring individual genes for pestresistance or other traits into elite germplasm of acultiVated species. Thansgenic pea…     

低能钒离子注入花生种子的深度分布

采用鼎瑟福背散射（RBS）和X射线能谱分析法（EDAX）对V元素在花生种子中的深度分布进行了测量,并用扫描电镜对注入前后花生种胚的形貌变化进行观察。结果表明,由于样品表面较粗糙以及其特殊结构,RBS方法不适于测量钒在花生肿胚中的深度分布,trim95也不适合于对注入钒离子在花生种子中的深度进行模拟,而EDAX的测量结果表明V离子的穿透深度可达到15μm。另外,注入前后花生种胚的形貌发生了显著变化。