肺癌合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布、耐药性分析及血清炎性因子检测的临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨肺癌合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布、耐药性分析及血清炎性因子检测的临床意义。方法：选取我院于2018年6月~2020年3月期间收治的肺癌合并肺部感染患者90例为感染组，选取同期我院收治的肺癌未合并肺部感染患者100例为肺癌组，选取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例为对照组，对肺癌合并肺部感染患者的感染病原菌类型进行总结分析，分析常见病原菌药敏试验结果，统计病原菌耐药率。对比三组受试者的炎性因子水平。结果：90例肺癌合并肺部感染患者的送检痰液标本共检出100株病原菌，100株病原菌中以革兰阴性菌为主，其次为革兰阳性菌、真菌，分别占比63.00%、22.00%、15.00%。肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率较低，对氨苄西林、甲氨苄啶的耐药率均较高。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素的耐药率较高，对左氧氟沙星的耐药率较低。白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌对两性霉素B、氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑的耐药率均较低。感染组、肺癌组的血清白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均高于对照组，且感染组以上指标水平高于肺癌组（P<0.05）。结论：肺癌合并肺部感染患者体内病原菌种类繁多，对常见抗菌药物的耐药性存在差异，且患者体内存在较强的炎性反应，临床应根据药敏结果合理应用抗菌药物 。     

Potential lactoferrin activity against pathogenic viruses

Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80-kDa globular glycoprotein with high affinity for metal ions, particularly for iron. This protein possesses many biological functions, including the binding and release of iron and serves as one of the important components of the innate immune system, where it acts as a potent inhibitor of several pathogens. LF has efficacious antibacterial and antiviral activities against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against both naked and enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. In its antiviral pursuit, LF acts predominantly at the acute phase of the viral infection or even at the intracellular stage, as in hepatitis C virus infection. LF inhibits the entry of viral particles into host cells, either by direct attachment to the viral particles or by blocking their cellular receptors. This wide range of activities may be attributed to the capacity of LF to bind iron and its ability to interfere with the cellular receptors of both hosts and pathogenic microbes.     

A New Approach to Undergraduate Biology

The use of a common pathogenic vegetable soft-rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora is recommended for school student investigations. Suggestions are made about simple ways in which quantitative data can be collected, as well as some suitable investigations that could be carried out by school pupils at Key Stage 4(15–16 years old) or Advanced level.     

猪肺炎支原体检测技术研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)引起的一种存在于世界各地的严重危害养猪业的疾病,严重影响饲料报酬,造成巨大的经济损失。准确、敏感、快速的Mhp检测方法有助于了解Mhp在猪群的流行情况,进而采取相应的预防、治疗和综合防控措施。对国内外Mhp病原学、分子生物学和免疫学检测方法进行了综述,为科技工作者全面了解Mhp检测方法提供参考资料。     

安徽部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原分离与鉴定

目的确定引起安徽省部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,为防治该病提供理论依据。方法随机取濒死期鲫鱼和白鲢的肌肉组织分别进行细菌和病毒分离培养,联合采用细菌表型鉴定法和16S rRNA基因序列分析法鉴定分离菌株,并使用分离菌株进行人工感染实验。结果从5尾患病鱼的肌肉组织中分离获得5株细菌,综合分离菌株的形态特征、理化特性和16S rRNA基因序列与系统发育学分析的结果,确定L1菌株为温和气单胞菌、L2菌株为维氏气单胞菌、J1、J2和L3菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。人工感染实验表明这5个气单胞菌分离株均具有较强的致病性。结论气单胞菌是该次鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,水温剧变、水质恶化和缺氧是疾病暴发的诱因,应采取改善环境、加强饲养管理、提高鱼体抵抗病力和及时杀灭病原体的综合措施防控该病。     

阑尾切除术后切口感染患儿PCT、ESR和 CRP变化及切口脓液病原菌分析

目的研究阑尾切除术后切口感染患儿血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平变化及切口脓液病原菌分布。方法选取2014年7月至2019年7月我院收治的100例阑尾切除术后切口感染患儿为观察组,对照组选取同期来我院进行体检的80例健康儿童。对比两组对象血清CRP、PCT和ESR水平,同时分析观察组患儿阑尾切除术后切口脓液病原菌的构成。结果观察组患儿血清CRP、PCT和ESR水平显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。送检的100例脓液及脓性分泌物标本中检出细菌51例,检出率为51.00%。共分离得到病原菌55株(其中有4例为2种细菌混合感染),病原菌种类共13种,其中革兰阴性菌39株(70.91%),革兰阳性菌16株(29.09%),主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌(49.09%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(10.91%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(9.09%)和铜绿假单胞菌(5.45%)。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌对厄他培南、亚胺培南、美罗培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨曲南较为敏感。结论阑尾切除术后切口感染患儿血清PCT、CRP和ESR水平较高,主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌。     

Microeukaryotes in animal and plant microbiomes: Ecologies of disease?

Studies of animal and plant microbiomes are burgeoning, but the majority of these focus on bacteria and rarely include microeukaryotes other than fungi. However, there is growing evidence that microeukaryotes living on and in larger organisms (e.g. plants, animals, macroalgae) are diverse and in many cases abundant. We present here a new combination of ‘anti-metazoan’ primers: 574*f–UNonMet_DB that amplify a wide diversity of microeukaryotes including some groups that are difficult to amplify using other primer combinations. While many groups of microeukaryotic parasites are recognised, myriad other microeukaryotes are associated with hosts as previously unknown parasites (often genetically divergent so difficult to amplify using standard PCR primers), opportunistic parasites, commensals, and other ecto- and endo-symbionts, across the ‘symbiotic continuum'. These fulfil a wide range of roles from pathogenesis to mutually beneficial symbioses, but mostly their roles are unknown and likely fall somewhere along this spectrum, with the potential to switch the nature of their interactions with the host under different conditions. The composition and dynamics of host-associated microbial communities are also increasingly recognised as important moderators of host health. This ‘pathobiome’ approach to understanding disease is beginning to supercede a one-pathogen-one-disease paradigm, which cannot sufficiently explain many disease scenarios.     

Host thermoregulatory constraints predict growth of an amphibian chytrid pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

1. The course and outcome of many wildlife diseases are context-dependent, and therefore change depending on the behaviour of hosts and environmental response of the pathogen.2. Contemporary declines in amphibian populations are widely attributed to chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Despite the thermal sensitivity of the pathogen and its amphibian hosts, we do not understand how host thermal regimes experienced by frogs in the wild directly influence pathogen growth.3. We tested how thermal regimes experienced by the rainforest frog Litoria rheocola in the wild influence pathogen growth in the laboratory, and whether these responses differ from pathogen growth under available environmental thermal regimes.4. Frog thermal regimes mimicked in the laboratory accelerated pathogen growth during conditions representative of winter at high elevations more so than if temperatures matched air or stream water temperatures. By contrast, winter frog thermal regimes at low elevations slowed pathogen growth relative to air temperatures, but not water temperatures.5. The growth pattern of the fungus under frog thermal regimes matches field prevalence and intensity of infections for this species (high elevation winter > high elevation summer > low elevation winter > low elevation summer), whereas pathogen growth trajectories under environmental temperatures did not match these patterns.6. If these laboratory results translate into field responses, tropical frogs may be able to reduce disease impacts by regulating their body temperatures to limit pathogen growth (e.g., by using microhabitats that facilitate basking to reach high temperatures); in other cases, the environment may limit the ability of frogs to thermoregulate such that individuals are more vulnerable to this pathogen (e.g., in dense forests at high elevations).7. Species-specific thermoregulatory behaviour, and interactions with and constraints imposed by the environment, are therefore essential to understanding and predicting the spatial and temporal impacts of this global disease.