黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征

该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。     

我国西北地区康复治疗师的现状调查及分析

目的:调查我国西北地区康复治疗师的现状,为规范康复治疗师培养的改革提供依据。方法:采用抽样调查的方法,向西北五个省区部分康复医疗单位发放调查问卷共200份,由单位负责人填写,调查内容包括该单位康复治疗师的数量、专业、学历、从业时间、职称、持证情况和对培训的需求情况等,填写完成后进行数据统计分析。结果:康复治疗师中从事神经康复方向的治疗师比例最高,约为45.04%。大部分的治疗师从业时间都在5年以内,从业时间大于5年的比例只占13.68%。77.60%的治疗师为医学相关专业毕业,多数治疗师为本科以下学历,硕士和博士学历仅占0.48%,而获得康复治疗师资格证书的人员比例仅为39.35%。治疗师的职称也大多为初、中级(92.49%),高级职称治疗师仅占7.51%,78.81%的治疗师希望得到高水平的培训或进修。结论:西北地区康复治疗师整体从业时间较短,学历较低,缺乏高职称的治疗师,康复治疗师人才队伍培养体系亟待改善。     

Revision of the Lacinipolia vicina (Grote) complex (Noctuidae,Noctuinae, Eriopygini)

The Lacinipolia vicina (Grote) species complex, previously consisting of Lacinipolia vicina, Lacinipolia teligera (Morrison), Lacinipolia pensilis (Grote), and Lacinipolia subalba Mustelin is revised to six species: Lacinipolia vicina (eastern USA), Lacinipolia teligera (southern Great Plains), Lacinipolia pensilis (Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains), Lacinipolia acutipennis (Grote), stat. rev. (= Lacinipolia subalba syn. n.) (western North America), Lacinipolia sareta (Smith), stat. rev. (Canada and western USA) and Lacinipolia dimocki, sp. n. (California and Pacific Northwest). Lectotypes are designated for Lacinipolia vicina, Lacinipolia teligera and Lacinipolia pensilis.     

中国西北地区降水量及极端干旱气候变化特征

采用1960—2011年西北地区111个观测站逐日气象资料,利用FAO Penman-Monteith模型,计算出各气象站的潜在蒸散量,由此计算出各站的湿润指数,并对其进行标准化,统计极端干旱发生频率。对西北全区和不同自然区的降水量及极端干旱发生频率的时空变化特征进行了探讨分析。结果表明:近52年来西北全区年降水量变化倾向率表现出微弱的上升趋势,平均每年上升0.17 mm。由该区年降水量变化的空间差异,可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显增加区、轻度增加区、减少区。西北全区极端干旱发生频率的平均值为3.8月/a,气候变化倾向率总体上表现出明显的下降趋势,平均每年下降0.011月。根据西北地区极端干旱发生频率变化的空间差异,也可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显减少区、轻度减少区、增加区。极端干旱发生频率与降水量和平均气温表现为显著的负相关性,与无雨总日数呈现出显著的正相关性。     

Phylogeographic structure and deep lineage diversification of the red alga Chondrus ocellatus Holmes in the Northwest Pacific

A major goal of phylogeographic analysis using molecular markers is to understand the ecological and historical variables that influence genetic diversity within a species. Here, we used sequences of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene and nuclear internal transcribed spacer to reconstruct its phylogeography and demographic history of the intertidal red seaweed Chondrus ocellatus over most of its geographical range in the Northwest Pacific. We found three deeply separated lineages A, B and C, which diverged from one another in the early Pliocene–late Miocene (c. 4.5–7.7 Ma). The remarkably deep divergences, both within and between lineages, appear to have resulted from ancient isolations, accelerated by random drift and limited genetic exchange between regions. The disjunct distributions of lineages A and C along the coasts of Japan may reflect divergence during isolation in scattered refugia. The distribution of lineage B, from the South China Sea to the Korean Peninsula, appears to reflect postglacial recolonizations of coastal habitats. These three lineages do not coincide with the three documented morphological formae in C. ocellatus, suggesting that additional cryptic species may exist in this taxon. Our study illustrates the interaction of environmental variability and demographic processes in producing lineage diversification in an intertidal seaweed and highlights the importance of phylogeographic approaches for discovering cryptic marine biodiversity.     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

滇西北地区种子植物地理分布及区系分化

以大尺度的物种分布信息为基础,对滇西北地区种子植物物种多样性的地理分布格局及其与植物区系分化之间的关系进行分析.结果表明:(1)滇西北地区的种子植物物种多样性从南到北呈递增趋势;(2)无论是在属的水平上,还是在科的水平上,植物区系分化强度从南到北均呈单调递增格局;(3)区系分化强度较大的区域主要集中在地形复杂的北部地区;(4)物种多样性随着区系分化强度的增强而增加;(5)物种多样性地理分布格局的形成可能与滇西北地区的地质历史、地形以及由此引起的植物区系分化有关.