小骨窗显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果分析及对血清CCCK-18、CTRP-3水平的影响

目的:探讨小骨窗显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果及对血清gaspase切割的细胞角蛋白18(CCCK-18)、补体C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3(CTRP-3)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年5月至2018年5月我院收治的160例基底节区高血压脑出血患者,按照随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=82)和对照组(n=78)。对照组采用传统大骨瓣开颅术治疗,观察组采用小骨窗显微手术治疗。观察和比较两组的临床疗效,血肿清除率、术中出血量、术后意识恢复时间、住院时间,治疗前后NIHSS、ADL评分、血清CCCK-18、CTRP-3水平的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组[95.12%vs. 79.48%](P0.05);血肿清除率、术中出血量、术后意识恢复时间、住院时间均显著优于对照组[(93.62±3.58)%vs.(85.40±2.19)%,(92.47±12.56)mL vs.(189.25±26.47) mL,(2.01±0.58) d vs.(8.69±2.03) d,(13.39±2.08) d vs.(19.45±3.76) d](P0.05);NIHSS评分显著低于对照组[(9.76±1.42)分vs.(20.57±3.26)分](P0.05);ADL评分显著高于对照组[(86.42±8.64)分vs.(75.39±7.02)分](P0.05);血清CCCK-18水平显著低于对照组[(201.76±32.59) U/L vs.(237.57±39.20) U/L,(29.59±5.19) ng/mL vs.(42.97±7.94)ng/mL](P0.05);CTRP-3水平显著高于对照组[(289.59±35.19)ng/mL vs.(232.97±27.94)ng/mL](P0.05);并发症总发生率显著低于对照组[3.65%(3/82) vs. 14.10%(11/78)](P0.05)。结论:小骨窗显微手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的疗效显著,可更有效清除血肿,缓解血肿压迫,改善神经功能,减少继发性损伤,安全性高,可能与其降低血清CCCK-18水平及升高CTRP-3水平有关。     

入院时血清钙水平与高血压性脑出血血肿体积、神经功能及预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨入院时血清钙水平与高血压性脑出血血肿体积、神经功能及预后的关系。方法：选择2018年9月-2020年4月我院收治的高血压性脑出血患者102例,根据患者入院时血清钙水平将其分为低血钙组（血清钙<2.1 mmol/L, n=34）、正常血钙组（2.1 mol/L≤血清钙≤2.7 mmol/L, n=39）和高血钙组（血清钙>2.7 mmol/L, n=29）,比较各组性别、血肿体积、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分等临床资料。所有患者随访1年,观察患者格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）评分,根据患者预后情况将患者分为预后良好组（n=84）和预后不良组（n=18）,比较两组血清钙、血肿体积、入院NIHSS评分、GOS评分。应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清钙水平对患者预后的预测价值。结果：三组血肿体积、入院NIHSS评分、GOS评分、1年病死率、1年再出血率、总预后不良率比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。预后不良组血清钙水平、GOS评分显著低于预后良好组,血肿体积、入院NIHSS评分显著高于预后良好组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示：高血压性脑出血患者入院时血清钙水平与脑出血血肿体积、入院NIHSS评分呈负相关,与GOS评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示入院时血清钙预测高血压脑出血不良预后的曲线下面积为0.129（95%CI：0.073~0.179）。结论：高血压性脑出血患者入院时血清钙水平与血肿体积、神经功能及预后存在一定关联,且入院时血清钙对高血压性脑出血不良预后具有一定预测价值。     

Investigation of the effect of hyperglycemia on intracerebral hemorrhage by proteomic approaches

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and disability, and hyperglycemia worsens the clinical and neurological outcomes of patients with ICH. In this study, we utilized proteomic approaches to investigate the role of hyperglycemia in ICH. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult Sprague-Dawley male rats; ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of collagenase/heparin into the right striatum. It was observed that the size of induced hemorrhage was significantly larger in the hyperglycemic group (n=6 in each group). On the first day after ICH, an apparent decrease in the bilateral grasp was also observed for the lesioned hyperglycemic rats compared with normoglycemic ones. When employing 2-DE and MS to examine the proteomes of perihematomal and control regions in individual hyperglycemic and normoglycemic rats, eight differentially expressed protein targets were identified. Most noteworthy, in response to ICH significant increase of albumin was ubiquitously observed in the brains of normoglycemic rats but not in the brains of hyperglycemic rats. Coincidentally, more significant neuronal apoptosis were found in the perihematomal regions of hyperglycemic rats. These observations described suggest the protection role of albumin in acute stage of ICH, which may be dependent on different blood sugar levels.     

肾穿刺术后血肿感染的预防与护理

目的：探究并分析肾穿刺术后患者血肿感染的预防及护理措施。方法：选取自2012年2月-2013年2月我院收治的200例行肾穿刺活检术的肾脏病患者,将其作为临床研究对象。将上半年收治的100例患者作为对照组,对照组患者穿刺术期间采取常规护理预防血肿感染的发生;将下半年收治的100例患者作为观察组,观察组采取护理干预措施。结果：观察组患者术后并发症较少,尿潴留、肉眼血尿及轻度腰疼的发生率两组较为相近,无明显差异（P〉0．05）。观察组患者术后血肿、感染的发生率分别为3．00％、4．00％,明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组患者术后血肿直径及穿刺点渗血量均明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）;对照组患者重度血肿及重度感染的人数分别占25．00％、24．00％,明显高于观察组,血肿及感染的严重程度较观察组重（P〈0．05）。结论：护理干预在肾穿刺患者术后血肿感染的预防中具有极其重要的作用,术血肿感染的发生率明显降低,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Forty-Ninth Annual Meeting,April 17–19, 1980, Niagara Falls,New York

An interdisciplinary team performed autopsies on an adult male and an infant male mummy from the American Southwest. Cause of death has not been determined for the infant. The presence of an unhealed skull fracture associated with an apparent hematoma in the adult male is suggestive of trauma as the cause of death in the adult. Evidence of disease is minimal. Analysis of powder thought to be dried blood from the thoracic cavity of the adult suggests the presence of human IgG. The instability of this protein may indicate the presence of proteolytic activity by enzymes that degrade immunoglobulins upon rehydration. The possibility of enzymatic degradation of proteins will be an important factor in future studies of such immunoglobulins in mummy remains and also indicates the importance of maintaining the desiccated condition of mummy tissues.     

小骨窗开颅血肿清除术与微创血肿碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效比较

目的:观察和比较小骨窗开颅血肿清除术与微创血肿碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2014年9月-2017年6月在我院接受手术治疗的60例高血压脑出血患者,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组各30例。对照组行小骨窗开颅血肿清除术,研究组行微创血肿碎吸术手术,比较两组血肿清除率、残余血肿量、再出血发生率、手术时间、住院时间、术中失血量及术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者术后48h及7d血肿清除率、残余血肿量相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组再出血发生率与研究组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组的手术时间和住院时间与对照组相比显著缩短(P0.05),术中失血量及术后并发症发生率较对照组显著下降(P0.05)。术后3个月及6个月,两组患者日常生活能力显著改善(P0.05),且研究组ADL评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后NFD评分逐渐降低,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),在术后1个月与3个月,研究组NFD评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:采用微创血肿穿刺吸碎术治疗高血压脑出血的创伤小,疗效显著,可有效改善患者日常生活能力,降低伸神经功能损伤     

Neuroprotective efficacy of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of brain injury, which is a major cause of mortality in humans. Hydrocephalus and cerebral hematoma lead to severe neurological deficits. A single autologous blood (ALB) injection in rats' brains induces hemorrhage and other conditions that regularly interfere with the standard treatment of several cellular and molecular pathways. Several studies have found that IGF-1/GLP-1 decreases the production of inflammatory markers in peripheral tissues, while some have found that they also have pro-inflammatory functions. Since these receptors are down-regulated in hemorrhagic situations, we looked into the potential neuroprotective effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HI); 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, an active compound Trigonellafoenum-graecum, on post-hemorrhagic deficits in rats. Long-term oral administration of 4-HI for 35 days has improved behavioral and neurochemical deficits and severe pathological changes and improved cellular and molecular markers, apoptotic markers in the ALB-induced ICH experimental model.Furthermore, the findings revealed that 4-HI also improved the levels of other neurotransmitters (Ach, DOPA, GABA, glutamate); inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-17), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrite, LDH, AchE, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the brain when evaluated after Day 35. There is no proven treatment available for the prevention of post-brain hemorrhage and neurochemical malfunction; available therapy is only for symptomatic relief of the patient. Thus, 4-HI could be a potential clinical approach for treating post-brain haemorrhage and neurochemical changes caused by neurological damage. Furthermore, 4-HI may be linked to other standard therapeutic therapies utilized in ICH as a potential pharmacological intervention.     

BRAIN评分联合D-二聚体、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对自发性脑出血血肿扩大的预测价值研究

目的:研究BRAIN评分联合D-二聚体、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对自发性脑出血血肿扩大(HE)的预测价值。方法:将我院于2019年4月~2020年6月期间收治的73例自发性脑出血患者纳入研究。将所有受试者按照是否发生HE分作HE组以及无HE组。比较两组各项基线资料以及实验室相关检查指标水平,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析明确自发性脑出血HE的影响因素。此外,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析BRAIN评分联合D-二聚体、NLR预测自发性脑出血HE的效能。结果:HE组入院时舒张压以及BRAIN评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分均明显高于无HE组,而格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分明显低于无HE组(均P<0.05)。HE组D-二聚体以及NLR水平均高于无HE组(均P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现:D-二聚体、NLR水平以及BRAIN评分均是自发性脑出血HE的危险因素,而GCS评分是其保护因素(均P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析可得:BRAIN评分联合D-二聚体、NLR预测HE的敏感度、特异度、曲线下面积(AUC)均明显高于各指标单独应用。结论:BRAIN评分联合D-二聚体、NLR对自发性脑出血HE的预测价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Tolerated nitrite therapy in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: Rationale of nitrite therapy in a broad range of hyperacute strokes

Nitrite therapy is more effective in cerebral ischemia when administered earlier. It would be beneficial during the hyperacute stages of stroke if the nitrite effect is demonstrated in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). When nitrite is injected intravenously 3 h after ICH induction in rats, most doses of nitrite provided no beneficial effects on behavioral deficits, brain edema and hematoma volumes. A high dose of nitrite, however, decreased hematoma volume, but not brain edema. Peri-hematomal apoptosis and inflammation were similar between the control and nitrite groups. Nitrite therapy may be considered a therapeutic option in hyperacute stroke because nitrite therapy is tolerated in ICH as well.     

西比灵联合NGF对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积改善效果

摘要 目的：研究西比灵联合神经生长因子(NGF)对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积影响。方法：研究对象选取我院2015年9月到2016年10月间收治的脑出血98例,采用随机数字法分为2组,每组各49例。对照组接受常规基础性治疗,在此基础上,研究组患者口服西比灵联合肌肉注射NGF治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率,同时比较血肿、水肿带体积、神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、神经源性营养因子（BDNF）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,两组总有效率比较差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组NIHSS、ADL评分比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组NIHSS随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,ADL评分随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组BDNF、MCP-1、NSE比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组MCP-1、NSE随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,BDNF随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组不良反应比较无效显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：脑出血患者应用西比灵联合NGF效果可靠,可明显减少继发性损伤,且治疗安全性较高,值得在临床推广。