Jasmonic acid induces the production of gerbera volatiles that attract the biological control agent Phytoseiulus persimilis

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that is involved in the induction of plant defence in response to herbivore attack. We studied the effect of exposure of gerbera leaves to JA on indirect plant defence, i.e. attraction of natural enemies of herbivores. Treatment of gerbera leaves with JA or feeding damage by the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae, both induced the production of a complex odour blend that attracts the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. This phytoseiid predator is a very effective biological control agent of the spider mite T. urticae. Comparison of headspace composition of gerbera leaves exposed to either JA or T. urticae revealed a large degree of resemblance, but some quantitative and qualitative differences were recorded. The major chemical group in both treatments is formed by the terpenoids which quantitatively comprised up to 80% of the total odour blend. These terpenoids included (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)--ocimene and linalool that are known to attract P. persimilis. Aldehydes, alcohols, esters and ketones, together with nitrogenous compounds formed the remaining constituents of the odour blend. The induction of predator attractants in plants by JA may be applied in biological control programs, which is discussed in this paper.     

农杆菌介导的Pr基因对非洲菊遗传转化的研究

采用农杆菌介导法将Pr基因转入非洲菊(Gerbera hybrida),建立适合于农杆菌介导的基因遗传转化受体系统,获得再生植株。经PCR和GUS染色检测,Pr基因成功转入非洲菊幼苗。     

非洲菊盘状花雄蕊发育与舌状花生长着色的对应关系

非洲菊(Gerbern hybrida)头状花序由外轮舌状花和内轮盘状花构成。通过观察内轮盘状花雄蕊花粉囊和花粉粒的形态结构与发育顺序,和测定外轮舌状花花瓣的长度、宽度、花色素苷含量等,对它们之间的对应关系进行了研究。花序外轮舌状花花瓣开始着色时为P3期,此时第1轮盘状花出现成熟花粉粒。研究明确了内轮盘状花花粉粒发育与外轮舌状花生长时期和花色素苷积累的对应关系。     

多效唑和三唑酮对非洲菊微繁的效应

培养基中加入多效唑0．2,0．4,0．6mg／L,可使非洲菊组培苗健壮、矮化,提高增殖系数,促进继代后生根;在生根培养基中加入0．2～1．0mg／L多效唑,可增加生根量,促进根的增粗,提高移栽成活率。0．1mg／L三唑酮可降低植株高度,提高增殖率。     

盆栽非洲菊基因枪介导法转化体系的建立

以非洲菊盆栽品种为材料,研究了BA和NAA不同浓度组合对不定芽诱导增殖的影响;基因枪介导法转化的不同轰击距离对转化率影响。结果表明：1．5mg／LBA的培养基上增殖倍数最高,高达8．96倍;9cm的目标轰击距离转化效率最高,达到10．9％。建立了非洲菊盆栽品种的再生和转基因体系,为非洲菊基因工程育种打下基础。     

非洲菊组培快繁技术的优化

6个品系非洲菊的快繁技术优化试验结果表明,花托是最好的外植体,其起始培养需要高浓度的6-BA,基因型对其离体培养响应有明显影响。经优化的花托快繁条件为:起始4周,1/2MS+BA10+NAA0.2(mg.L~(-1)下同);愈伤组织出苗4周、小苗增殖3周,MS+BA3.0+NAA0.2;生根3周,1/2MS+IAA1.0。花托的4周直接成芽率71％,花托愈伤组织的4周成芽率97％,小苗增殖倍数10倍以上,生根率99％,平均每苗7.4条根、根长30mm。     

大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究

本文概述了大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究。着重介绍了其中所含的香豆素类化合物的化学结构特点、光谱特征及生物活性。     

非洲菊亲环素家族基因GCyP的克隆与生物信息学分析

亲环素(Cyclophilins,CyPs)具有肽脯氨酰顺反异构酶活性,催化蛋白质折叠过程,并且起着分子伴侣的作用,同时参与mRNA加工和信号转导等生物学过程.本研究在抑制性消减杂交获得表达序列标签(EST)的基础上,通过生物信息学方法获得了非洲菊亲环素家族基因GCyP的cDNA.进而设计特异引物,以非洲菊舌状花为材料,通过RT-PCR扩增并经T-A克隆后测序,获得一条长度为732 bp的序列.该序列经生物信息学分析确认其为GCyP,编码的GCyP含172个氨基酸残基,属于单结构域胞质型亲环素.GCyP序列提交GenBank后接收,登录号为EU1269167.     

Effect of genotype and season on gynogenesis efficiency in Gerbera

The effects of season, genotype and their interaction on haploid production were evaluated on four genotypes responsive to gynogenesis. Naked mature unfertilised ovules, collected from April to October, were cultivated on modified MS basal medium plus 0.88 μM 6-benzyladenine and 0.57 μM indol-3-acetic acid. After 30–60 days, recovered calli were transferred to a MS basal medium with 8.8 μM BA and 0.57 μM IAA for regeneration. Genotype and season of ovule collection substantially interact in the recovery of haploid calli. Between the four genotypes analysed, two gave more calli in the spring, one in the autumn and the fourth showed only weak differences between seasons. Shoot recovery depended upon both the season of ovule collection and the genotype but no significant interaction was shown by our data. The ability to produce haploid callus is not predictive for efficient shoot regeneration. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of solarization of soil within plastic bags on root rot of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)

Solarization of soil, (potting mix = coarse sand:Eucalyptus marginata fines = 1∶1) infested with 3 fungi pathogenic to gerbera (Phytophthora cryptogea, Fusarium oxysporum andRhizoctonia solani), for 3 to 4 weeks within transparent polyethylene bags controlled root rot of gerbera. Solarization for 2 weeks however, was less effective. All plants grown in the infested potting mix which had been kept in shade for 2, 3 or 4 weeks were severely attacked. Solarization of soil within plastic bags for 4 weeks also increased availability of nutrients such as NH₄ ⁺-N, PO₄ ⁻ and K⁺ in comparison to bagged soil kept in the shade for the same period.