锂盐的作用机制及临床应用研究进展

锂是人体内的一种微量元素且以化合物的形式广泛存在于自然界。作为一种古老的治疗精神疾病方面的药物,锂盐被用来治疗双相情感障碍已超过60年,而现在锂盐在临床上表现出来的新应用已经越来越引起医学界的广泛重视。现代研究表明,锂盐是一种强大的糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK-3β)抑制剂,锂盐除对脑细胞过度活动起抑制作用外,还具有营养神经和保护神经、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、免疫调节以及对甲状腺功能亢进的治疗作用。锂盐化学结构相对简单,而且目前人们对锂盐的使用经验及对锂离子的血药浓度监测手段已日趋成熟,所以锂盐具有相当好的临床应用前景,未来更进一步加大对锂盐的临床应用及作用机制的研究力度。现就锂盐新发现的作用机制及临床应用作一综述。     

科学家揭开大豆果实不裂之谜

<正>日前,中科院植物所研究员王印政团队首次报道了栽培大豆果实不裂的分子调控机制。相关研究在《自然-通讯》上发表。据介绍,野大豆果实自然开裂,会使种子过早散落,不利于收获,这也是造成大豆减产的主要原因。但我国先民在漫长的选择和驯化等农业活动中改变了这一性状,产     

建立以TK基因为标记将外源基因导入臭曲霉（Asper—gillus...

A new system for selection of transformed Aspergillus foetidus was reported. In this system, TK- A. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated TK gene of vaccinia virus with TK gene of A. foetidus were screened by adding BUdR in agar plates. Conditions for screen of TK+ A. foetidus strain, transformation of A. foetidus and selection of transformed TK- A. foetidus have been studied. By using this system, several transformed A. foetidus which contained HBsAg gene derived bf a promoter H8 cloned from genomic DNA of A. foetidus were isolated. It was demonstrated that HBsAg gene was integrated into the chromosome DNA of A. foetidus by Southern blot after many passages of spores. ELISA showed that HBsAg was positive in the growth medium (p/n = 20). The 22 nm particles which were very similar to the HBsAg particles in human serum were found in the growth medium by immunoelectromicroscope. Western blot also gave the specific bands. All these data showed that HBsAg gene was expressed in A. foetidus and the products were secreted into the growth medium. The selection system using TK gene as marker could generally be used to study the expression of foreign gene in A. foetidus.     

追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.     

科学家发现人体免疫系统工作新机制证明钙离子能改变脂分子功能以帮助T细胞活化

中科院上海生科院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所／国家蛋白质科学中心（上海）许琛琦小组研究发现了人体免疫系统工作新机制，他们首次证明钙离子能够改变脂分子功能以帮助T淋巴细胞活化，提高T淋巴细胞对外来抗原的敏感性，从而帮助机体清除病原体。该研究成果12月3目在线发表在《自然》杂志上。     

《自然一细胞生物学》：科学家发现肿瘤发生新机制

中国科学技术大学生命科学院吴缅教授与美国宾夕法尼亚大学医学院杨小鲁教授合作，在癌症代谢机制研究中取得一项新的突破性发现。即证实p73蛋白激活了癌细胞中的磷酸戊糖途径，支持了肿瘤细胞的增殖。     

国外大型医用设备管理的经验及借鉴意义

目的 介绍国外大型医用设备管理的经验，为完善大型医用设备管理办法提供借鉴。方法 通过浏览各国卫生部或相关部门的官方网站，并通过Google Scholar搜索引擎检索国外大型医用设备管理的相关信息。结果 荷兰和日本等国的市场准入机制、欧盟的上市后监控和警戒系统、加拿大的缺陷设备召回机制、美国的需要许可证制度（CON）都是行之有效的大型医用设备管理经验。结论 国外大型医用设备管理的市场准入、上市后监管和缺陷设备召回、政府强制审核和规范配置程序等管理经验，可以为新一轮医改中进一步完善大型医用设备管理提供参考。