豚鼠心肌α-肾上腺素受体反应的可能机制——增强细胞外钙离子内流

同时记录豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位、零期最大去极化速率和心肌条的收缩幅度,观察了α-肾上腺素受体激动剂或增加细胞外钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )]_0)的作用,以及在肾上腺素受体或钙通道阻断剂存在下这些作用的变化,试图分析α-受体与钙通道的可能关系。我们看到甲氧胺与增加[Ca~(2 )]_0都可使动作电位峰值增加、平台期电位高抬、收缩幅度增高,甲氧胺的效应可被戊脉胺阻断,而增加[Ca~(2 )]_0的效应可被酚妥拉明阻断。酚妥拉明同戊脉安两者的效应有近似之处,心得安对甲氧胺和增加[Ca~(2 )]_0效应无显著影响。由此认为:心肌α-肾上腺素受体的电生理效应与缓慢正性变力作用很可能是通过激活钙通道,增加细胞外钙离子的慢内流来实现的。     

简谈农田防护林土壤改良效益与胁地现象的克服

本文综述农田防护林对土壤物理性质、土壤肥力状况、土壤微生物分布、土壤酶的活性、保土效应等方面的改良效益,提出了农田防护林带胁地现象产生的原因以及克服的措施,以期引起人们对农田防护林在改善农田生态环境方面的重视。     

中国龙脑香科植物受胁状况及迁地群落保护探讨

广义的龙脑香科植物是泛热带分布,中国有5属13种,其中1种为引种栽培,仅分布于云南、广西、海南和西藏。许多龙脑香科植物具有很高的经济价值。由于近年来各地森林遭受强度破坏,加之其自身特殊的生物生态学特征和种子生物学特性,大多数种类的生存受到严重威胁。该文主要介绍中国龙脑香科植物目前的受威胁状况、具体保护研究工作及其不足,并提出了进行迁地群落建设的保护策略。     

变功率微波法制备壳聚糖絮凝剂的研究

研究了变功率下微波加热对甲壳素脱乙酰化反应和粘度的影响。结果表明:在4 80W下反应4min、然后在16 0W下反应6min的最佳功率组合下,可制得脱乙酰度77.3%、粘度4 6mPa·s的壳聚糖产品;与恒功率微波法相比,变功率微波法制备壳聚糖的脱乙酰度稍低,但粘度高出31% ,反应时间缩短三分之一,能耗降低6 0 %     

龙眼果实采后失水果皮褐变与活性氧及酚类代谢的关系

研究了(10±1)℃和50%相对湿度贮藏条件下"福眼"龙眼果实果皮褐变与活性氧和酚类代谢的关系.结果表明,采后失水导致龙眼果实果皮褐变,果皮活性氧清除酶SOD、CAT、APX、GR活性和内源抗氧化物质AsA、GSH含量下降,O-2产生速率和MDA含量增加,细胞膜透性迅速增大;PPO和POD活性增加,总酚和类黄酮含量明显下降.据此认为,果皮褐变可能是细胞的活性氧代谢失调,细胞膜结构破坏,使PPO、POD与酚类物质(含类黄酮)接触、酚类物质氧化的结果.     

Isolation and Expression Pattern Analysis of Two Ferritin Genes in Tobacco

For understanding of the ferritin gene expression pattern and the mechanism of iron homeostasis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants, two full-length ferritin cDNAs, NtFerl and NtFer2, were isolated from tobacco seedlings and characterized. These cDNAs are 1 214 and 1 125 bp nucleotides and encode 251 and 259 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences showed that two tobacco ferritins share the same characteristics as the plant ferritins from Arabidopsis, soybean, and maize. Southern blotting analysis indicated that both NtFerl and NtFer2 were probably multicopy genes in the tobacco genome. Northern blotting analysis indicated that iron loading of tobacco plantlets increased the ferritin mRNA abundance and that NtFerl expression was higher and more sensitive to iron than NtFer2 expression. Furthermore, NtFerl was expressed in both leaves and roots, whereas NtFer2 was expressed mainly in leaves.     

Spatial heterogeneity and population risk analysis of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, in China

In this study, semivariance was used to quantitatively measure the spatial heterogeneity for the egg population of cotton bollworm during a growing season. The typical characteristic parameters of theoretical semivariance models against lag distances were applied to measure components of spatial heterogeneity： trend, range, spatial dependence, and the strength of spatial dependence. Then, kriging interpolation was used to evaluate the population risk of cotton bollworm exceeding economic thresholds. From early June through early September, the population densities were sampled 10 times in the study field. Results showed that the spatial patterns were related to population density. For its low-density population, the spatially heterogeneous trends were usually of spherical shapes; but for highdensity ones, the trends shifted to Gaussian shapes. The spatial dependence appeared at varied distances ranging from 52 meters to 936 meters, and the spatial dependence was in the range of 0.39-288.60, which changed with population densities. While having high heterogeneity, the strength of spatial dependence became much stronger. Results of population risk analysis showed that there was a high risk during its early stages, especially in mid-June. In August, population risk was so low that it did not need to be controlled.     

观察细胞分裂和染色体变化的压片法制作方法

为了使学生认识细胞分裂过程和染色体在分裂中变化情况,在实验中采取了教师指导、学生动手准备材料以及制片观察的实验过程,经过多次实验,效果较好。1材料准备     

薯蓣植物组织培养的研究进展

该文综述了组织培养在薯蓣植物快速繁殖、诱导多倍体及高产无性系筛选等方面的研究状况。褐化是薯蓣植物组培中常见的一种现象,也是阻碍组培发展的一大因素,为此,该文对褐化的原理作了分析并提出了几点解决方法,旨在使组织培养在薯蓣植物上得到更广阔的应用。     

丙型肝炎病毒多表位抗原基因的构建与免疫原性研究

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因易发生变异, 尤其是含中和抗原表位的高变区1(HVR1)变异性最大. 模拟HVR1的B细胞表位具有涵盖多种天然表位的抗原特性, 保守的T细胞表位具有各型间的相对保守性. 为解决HCV高变性造成的疫苗研究障碍, 我们选取HCV E2区HVR1(384～410 aa)模拟B细胞表位9条、C区的保守CTL表位2条(35～44 aa, 132～140 aa)、NS3区保守的CTL表位1条(1073～1081 aa)及NS3区保守的Th表位1条(aa 1251～1259), 各表位之间以插入3个氨基酸为连接臂, 人工合成上述13条表位基因串联的HCV多表位抗原基因(mfc). 将mfc与gst基因融合, 表达了多表位抗原蛋白GST-MFC. 同时, 构建了白介素-2信号肽基因、PADRE表位基因和mfc基因串联的候选HCV DNA疫苗, 即质粒pVAX1.0-st-mfc. 以GST-MFC蛋白免疫家兔和质粒pVAX1.0-st-mfc免疫小鼠, 采用ELISA和Western blot方法, 应用10条具有代表性的HCV HVR1合成肽进行检测, 证明有9条HVR1合成肽能与所有免疫动物血清反应, 交叉反应率(cross reactivity, CR)为90%. 应用HCV抗体阳性的感染者血清与多表位抗原GST-MFC蛋白进行反应, 证明其反应识别率(reactivity frequency, RF)为75%. 上述结果表明, 筛选合成的HCV多表位抗原基因mfc具有HCV中和抗原表位的特征, 可作为HCV疫苗研制的候选基因.