外周伤害性刺激诱导大鼠脑干内延髓网状背侧亚核传入投入神经元的c—fos表达

用荧光金逆行追踪和FOS荧光免疫组织化学染色相结合的方法对外周伤害性刺激下大鼠脑干内向延髓网状背侧亚核传入投射的神经元中c-fos的表达进行了研究，在麻醉状况下将0.15μl2%荧光金注入大鼠单侧延髓网状背侧亚核，存活5d后用1％福尔马林刺激同侧前爪、后爪和口周，2h后灌注取材，再行FOS免疫荧光标记。结果发现在脑的中脑导水管周围灰质、中缝背核、线形核和中缝大核内观察到荧光金记细胞、FOS样免疫阳性反应细胞及荧光金／FOS双标细胞。在这四个核团中，双标细胞数分别占荧光金逆标神经元数的25％（中脑导水管周围灰质）、11.7%（中缝背核）、8.9%（线形核）和12.1%（中缝大核）。结果提示在脑干向延髓网状背侧亚核投射的神经元中，有一部分与外周伤害性刺激信息的调控有关，还有的神经元可能具有其它的功能。     

光化学法脑缺血后细胞凋亡及其相关基因bcl-2表达的变化

采用ＴＵＮＥＬ染色及免疫组织化学技术对光化学法脑缺血后细胞凋亡及其相关基因ｂｃｌ－２表达的变化进行了研究。结果发现，缺血后１２ｈ，损伤侧皮层缺血区内凋亡细胞数及ｂｃｌ－２免疫反应阳性细胞数明显增加，一直持续至缺血后７２ｈ；并呈现下列时程变化：在缺血后３ｈ每张切片上几乎无凋亡细胞出现，以后逐渐增加，缺血后１２ｈ达到峰值，缺血后２４ｈ和缺血后７２ｈ逐渐减少，但仍高于假手术组水平。凋亡相关基因ｂｃｌ－２的表达在缺血后３ｈ以前不明显，缺血后１２ｈ逐渐增加，缺血后２４ｈ最多，以后逐渐下降。上述结果提示，缺血后凋亡细胞的时程变化可能与缺血后梗塞灶的发生和发展有关，而ｂｃｌ－２表达的变化可能与抑制细胞凋亡、发挥内源性细胞保护作用有关。     

Immunological Properties of Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strain Expressing Fusion Protein IL-2-ESAT-6

The live vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) provides variableefficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Recombinant BCG,expressing either immunodominantantigens or Th1 cytokines,is a promising strategy for developing a new TB vaccine.However,not much isknown about whether the introduction of cytokine and specific antigen genes concurrently into the BCGstrain could improve the immunogenicity of BCG.In this study,a recombinant BCG strain (rBCG) expressingthe fusion protein human interleukin (IL)-2 and ESAT-6 (early secreted antigenic target-6 kDa) antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed.Six weeks after BALB/c mice (H-2~d) were immunizedwith 10~6 colony forming units (CFUs) BCG or rBCG,splenocyte proliferation was determined with MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay,IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γproducedby splenocytes were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA,) and the cytotoxicity ofsplenocytes from immunized mice to P815 cells (H-2~d) expressing ESAT-6 protein was measured usingCytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay.Compared with native BCG-vaccinated mice,rBCG inducedstronger Th1 responses that were confirmed by high lymphoproliferative responses and IFN-γproductionto culture filtrate protein (CFP) or ESAT-6 protein.Moreover,rBCG induced significant enhanced CTLresponses against P815-ESAT-6 cells.Results from rBCG-immunized mice demonstrated that introducingthe il-2 and esat-6 genes into BCG could enhance Th1 type immune responses to ESAT-6.Further investigationis needed by introducing other Th1 cytokines and antigens into BCG to optimize the protective efficacyagainst TB.     

小肠粘膜上皮细胞膜—骨架与吸收及防御

本文介绍了当代关于小肠粘膜柱状上皮细胞膜－骨架的结构模型，并阐明它们在营养成分吸收，粘膜栅，获得性免疫栅和细胞增殖中的作用及其与医学的关系。其膜－骨架作用受小肠肽调节，而小肠肽又受中枢调节肽调控。今后人们应从分子－细胞－组织进行多层次研究。这将有利于更入地阐明它们在吸收，防御与炎症中的作用，并启迪对其它系统细胞膜－骨架的研究，且指导设计更有效的口服药物。     

携带杀白细胞素基因金黄色葡萄球菌的研究进展

杀白细胞素(Panton-Valentine leukocidin,PVL)是金葡菌产生的重要外毒素之一,PVL在其感染所致的坏死性皮肤损害和坏死性肺炎等疾病中起重要作用,并且能在社区和医院传播。现在国内外对PVL阳性金葡菌的研究日益重视,本文就其感染的致病机制、感染状况、检测方法和防治措施等问题研究作一陈述。     

The RAF family：an expanding network of post—traslational controls and protein—protein interactions

Protein kinase RAF is strategically located in the “Ras-MAP-kinase signal transduction pathway“,a principle system which transmits signals from growth factor receptors to the nucleus,resulting in cell proliferation.Growth factor responses are mediated in part by activation of Ras,which in turn activates RAF to phosphorylate MEK,its downstream substrate.MEK activates MAPkinase to in fluence nuclear events.it is clear.however,that a network of signals other than those carred by Ras plays a role in RAF regulation.These orthogonal influences are mediated bu:serine/threonine kinases,tyrosine kinases,and protein-protein interactions.As a further complication to the RAF network,three isoforms of RAF have been established which have divergent N-terminal regulatory domains,Whereas these divergent regulatory domains implicate isoform-specific functions,no clear evidence or hypothesis for distinct functions for individual isoforms has been presented.Recently,“isoform-specific protein interactions“have been identified among numerous proteins interacting with RAF,These studies may serve to delineate independent functions for RAF isoforms.