疼痛的护理体会

疼痛是临床中较常见症状,往往是一种较重要的主诉,故疼痛的护理也是临床治疗中的一个重要内容,如何有效的做好疼痛的护理是每一个护理人员应面对的问题。2003年8月以来,我们对263例次患者进行止痛护理,现将护理体会报告如下。     

另类“蛇”植物

在人们的印象中,蛇自古就是一种凶猛的动物。不过,名字带蛇的植物却千娇百媚、姹紫嫣红、亭亭玉立,真是令人叹为观止。那么它们和蛇到底有关系吗?蛇鞭菊、蛇果黄堇和蛇舌兰因花或果状如小蛇而得名。蛇葡萄能清热解毒,祛风活络,止痛,止血,因有解蛇毒的疗效而得名。蛇床子名字的由来     

可止血止痛消毒的外科装置

全俄电气工艺研究所的专家研制的简易外科装置——冷等离子氩凝结器,今年获得国际发明大会银奖。这种装置可在手术中起止血作用,同时能对伤口消毒,进而促进伤口尽快愈合。     

止痛透骨贴微生物限度检查方法的验证

目的:建立适合于止痛透骨贴微生物限度检查的方法。方法:参照《中国药典》2010版一部微生物限度检查法验证试验的要求,采用中和-离心薄膜过滤法进行细菌数检查,采用平皿法进行霉菌和酵母菌数检查,采用直接接种法进行控制菌检查。结果:5种验证菌株的回收率均高于70%,控制菌检查经方法验证,可用直接接种法对金黄色葡萄球、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠菌群进行检查。结论:建立的方法准确可靠,适用于止痛透骨贴的微生物检查。     

家兔中脑导水管周围灰质中注射八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK—8）拮抗吗啡镇痛和...

We have reported that intracerebroventricular (i. c. v.) injection of 1-4 ng of CCK-8 to the rat produced a remarkable antagonistic effect on morphine analgesia. In order to study the species specificity and the site of action, CCK-8 was microinjected into the PAG of the rabbit, and its influence on morphine analgesia and electroacupuncture analgesia was observed. The latency of the escape response (ERL) to radiant heat focused on the snout was measured as an index of the pain threshold. Microinjections were made via cannulae chronically implanted into the PAG. The drug solutions were delivered in a volume of 1 microliter, at a speed of 0.125 microliter/min. The ERL was measured for a period of 60 or 70 minutes at 10 min intervals. 1. CCK-8 administered unilaterally to the PAG of the rabbit at a dose of 3 ng antagonized the analgesia induced by morphine (4 mg/kg, i. v.) by 73% (P less than 0.001), and reduced the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture by 67% (P less than 0.001). These effects were dose-dependent within the range from 1.5 ng to 6.0 ng. The effect of CCK-8 was reversed by CCK receptor blocker proglumide (4 microliters, intra-PAG injection). Unsulfated CCK-8 (CCK-us) had no effect in this regard. These results indicate that in the PAG of the rabbit, exogenously administered CCK-8 was capable of antagonizing opioid analgesia by the activation of CCK receptors. 2. Two groups of rabbits were given with morphine (2 mg/kg, i. v.) and simultaneous injection of CCK-8 antiserum (CCK-AS, 1 microliter) or normal rabbit serum (NRS) into the PAG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

左旋四氢巴马汀加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位的...

Cortical potentials evoked by stimulation of the contralateral tooth-pulp were recorded epidurally from the SI cortex of rabbits anesthetized with urethane and chloralose. It was found that nociceptive components of the evoked potential consisted of P1 and P2 wavelets with a relative stable peak latency of 22.5 +/- 1.2 ms and 66.1 +/- 1.9 ms respectively. Higher intensity of tooth pulp stimulation was required for appearance of P2 than P1. Diazepam, a non-analgesic sedative, reduced P1 but not P2 amplitude. On the contrary, dolantin, an analgesic, suppressed P2 but showed no significant influence on P1. The results suggest that P2, but not P1 might be related to pain. The effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine (1-THP) and electroacupuncture on P2 were observed on 12 animals. The results showed that both iv l-THP 8mg/kg and electroacupuncture brought forth a decrease in P2 amplitude by 40.3 +/- 14% and 59.3 +/- 10% respectively, while electroacupuncture combined with l-THP produce a further decrease in P2 amplitude by 92.8 +/- 7%. Furthermore, the inhibitory periods of P2 amplitude were significantly prolonged after electroacupuncture combined with l-THP. The results indicated that l-THP enhanced the suppression of P2 by electroacupuncture.     

大鼠杏仁核内注射八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK—8）拮抗吗啡镇痛的研究

大鼠双侧杏仁核内注射ＣＣＫ－８１ｎｇ（１μｌ）,能明显降低皮下注射４ｍｇ／ｋｇ吗啡产生的镇痛作用,并在０．１－１ｎｇ范围内呈量效关系。分别向双侧仁核注射ＣＣＫ－Ａ受体拮抗剂Ｄｅｖａｚｅｐｉｄｅ５０ｎｇ能部分翻转,２００ｎｇ则完全翻转ＣＣＫ－８的抗吗啡镇痛作用,１０ｎｇ无效;而ＣＣＫ－Ｂ受体拮抗剂Ｌ－３６５,２６０在５－８ｎｇ时即可完全番转ＣＣＫ－８的抗吗啡镇痛作用。杏仁核注射２００ｎｇ的Ｄｅｖａｚ     

吗啡降低大鼠脊髓内cAMP的含量

有资料表明,吗啡或脑啡肽可影响脑内 cAMP 与 cGMP 的含量,但对脊髓内 cAMP 与cGMP 的含量有何影响,未见报道。本实验采用放射免疫分析(RIA)方法研究的结果表明,吗啡可使大鼠离体与在体脊髓内 cAMP 的含量明显降低;而对脊髓内 cGMP 的含量则无明显影响;纳洛酮可特异阻断吗啡对脊髓内 cAMP 含量的抑制效应。提示:吗啡的上述作用是通过大鼠脊髓内阿片受体所介导。脑和脊髓内 cAMP 含量的变化可能部分介导了吗啡作用的中枢机制。     

活血温经止痛法治疗寒凝血瘀型原发性痛经的疗效观察

目的:探讨活血温经止痛法治疗寒凝血瘀型原发性痛经的临床效果。方法:选取2009年9月~2011年9月在我院门诊部接受治疗的寒凝血瘀型原发性痛经患者56例,随机将所有患者分为研究组和对照组各28例,对照组:选用芬必得布洛芬缓释胶囊进行治疗,研究组给予患者少腹逐瘀汤为主药随症加减治疗。结果:治疗结束后,对照组的总有效率为75.0%,研究组的总有效率为92.9%,两组比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究3个月后的复发情况明显优于对照组。讨论:少腹逐瘀汤治疗寒凝血瘀型原发性痛经不仅临床疗效显著,而且复发率低,安全可靠,值得推广