人类情绪或可影响干细胞生长

<正>南方医科大学南方医院杨默课题组发现,影响人类情绪和抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。相关成果近日发表在《干细胞》杂志上。课题组根据研究结果提出:影响人类情绪与抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。情绪低落可导致血清素下降,引起干细胞功能受损,影响损伤细胞修复和血细胞再生,从而影响身体免疫功能。这是医学界首次从科学角度证实人类情绪与干细胞生长之间     

典型矿区植被覆盖度时空分布特征及影响因素

植被状况可以直接或间接地反映采煤对生态环境的影响。以长河井工煤矿、离柳井工煤矿、平朔露天煤矿3个典型矿区为研究区域。以Landsat数据为数据源，基于地形调节植被指数的像元二分模型提取植被覆盖度；采用趋势分析、线性回归斜率、稳定性分析方法，分析了3个典型矿区2001-2016年植被覆盖度的时空变化特征；运用"以时间换空间"的方法，采用相关分析方法对植被覆盖度变化的自然影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）近16年3个典型矿区植被覆盖度呈增加趋势，长河、离柳、平朔矿区的增长速率分别为0.09%/10 a、0.10%/10 a、0.08%/10 a（P > 0.05）。（2）空间上，长河、离柳、平朔矿区植被覆盖度变化不明显比例分别占到66.63%，59.90%，62.25%，呈增加趋势的比例仅分别占28.14%、32.55%、27.81%，而呈减少趋势的比例分别占到5.23%、7.55%、9.94%。长河矿区明显改善的区域位于自然植被和耕作区的北部和东北部，离柳矿区明显改善的区域位于以低植被覆盖度为主的北部，平朔矿区明显改善的区域位于复垦的中西部。（3）不区分植被类型时，3个矿区的植被覆盖度变化与高程、高程与温度的交互作用表现出显著相关性（P < 0.01），与各自然因素的相关性总体表现为长河 > 离柳 > 平朔矿区；区分植被类型时，草地与坡度的相关性不显著（P > 0.05），与降雨量、高程存在显著正相关（P < 0.05）；灌木林与温度相关性不显著，与高程和降雨量的交互作用存在显著正相关；旱地与高程、高程与温度的交互作用存在显著相关性；疏林地与坡向、降雨量与坡向坡度的交互作用均没有表现出相关性；有林地与高程降雨量的交互作用表现出显著正相关性。探讨不同植被类型对自然因素的响应，可为矿区植被结构的选择，矿区复垦提供参考依据。     

ARIMA乘积季节模型在河南省风疹疫情预测中的应用

目的建立自回归求和移动平均(ARIMA)乘积季节模型,探讨其在河南省风疹发病趋势预测应用中的可行性。方法收集河南省2004—2013年报告的各月风疹病例数,建立ARIMA乘积季节模型,用2014年1—12月报告的风疹病例数,验证模型预测效果。结果河南省2004—2013年报告的风疹病例数呈现明显的季节效应,2009年前呈现逐年增多的趋势,2009年后呈现逐年减少的趋势;模型ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)12能较好的拟合既往的风疹病例数,且对2014年1—12月份风疹病例数的预测值与实际值基本吻合。结论 ARIMA乘积季节模型对河南省风疹发病趋势的预测具有可行性。     

A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

生姜生长过程中的某些生理指标和生化物质含量变化

1988年测定栽种于山东农业大学蔬菜标本园的生姜(Zingiber officinalis)品种“莱芜片姜”的某些生理指标和生化物质含量变化,得到如下结果,供参考:种姜在萌芽时,其淀粉及干物质含量迅速下降(图1,表1),至盛长期又逐渐回升,可溶性糖呈增加的趋势(表2);新姜(根茎)的淀粉及可溶性糖含量均随生长的进行而增加。这种变化与淀粉酶、转化酶活性变化相协     

北大荒的土

农作物生长的好坏与土壤条件的优劣息息相关。黑龙江垦区土地平坦连片，有机质含量高，土壤肥沃，再加上气候适宜，形成了得天独厚的粮食作物生长环境。     

去种皮对水稻生长的影响

水稻种子去种皮后，种子萌发和禾苗的生长速度减慢，成熟期推迟，分蘖本性丧失。根系受到抑制的程度比地上部分更为严重。B族维生素不能而葡萄糖可以恢复根系的正常生长，米糠提取液则可以恢复苗的正常生长。