人类情绪或可影响干细胞生长

<正>南方医科大学南方医院杨默课题组发现,影响人类情绪和抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。相关成果近日发表在《干细胞》杂志上。课题组根据研究结果提出:影响人类情绪与抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。情绪低落可导致血清素下降,引起干细胞功能受损,影响损伤细胞修复和血细胞再生,从而影响身体免疫功能。这是医学界首次从科学角度证实人类情绪与干细胞生长之间     

转昆虫抗冻蛋白基因增强甘薯抗冻能力

为明确昆虫抗冻蛋白基因转入甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)后是否能提升其抗冻能力,进而为培育甘薯抗冻育种材料奠定基础,将黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)抗冻蛋白基因TmAFP导入植物基因表达质粒,经农杆菌介导的遗传转化获得抗冻甘薯新材料。以甘薯品种Huachano为受体材料建立甘薯植株高效再生体系,并采用不同成分的体细胞胚成熟培养基培养胚性悬浮细胞。胚性愈伤组织对除草剂的敏感性测试结果表明,转基因阳性植株筛选的最适培养基为MS+0.2 mg·L–12,4-D+0.8 mg·L^–1 GAP+100 mg·L^–1 Carb。将表达质粒分别转化Huachano后共获得7个胚性愈伤团并最终获得42株再生抗性植株,其中转pSUIBEV3-AFP有23个株系,转pCAMBIA-AFP有19个株系,经PCR、Southern杂交和RT-PCR检测后证实TmAFP基因已整合至甘薯基因组中并获得表达。将转基因甘薯及对照植株在–1℃下处理15小时后转移至室温,结果表明,转基因甘薯植株的抗冻能力显著提升。     

棘豆属三种植物体外培养再生植株

PlantletRe郡nerattonfromThreespeciesof山涉oplsInv咖0LIUMing－Zhi（a仲伽响ofeq，Imlz’xlho，LnNz～xl730000）1植物名称棘豆属：黄花棘豆（Oxytropisochrocephala）、甘肃棘豆（O.kansuensis）和宽苞棘豆（O.latirateata）。2材料类别由种子萌发的无菌苗下胚轴以及子叶的切段和切块。3培养条件使用B5和MS及改良的MS培养基[MS大量元素的CaCl2·2H2O、MgSO4；·7H2O、KH2PO4不变，改变NO3和NH浓度及比例。因此，在培养基中除加入不同比例及不同量的KNO3和NH4NO3外，还添加适量的氯化钾和柠檬酸按。No：NH分别为0：6…     

A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

大野芋的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称 大野芋(Colocasia gigantea). 2材料类别 叶片、叶柄和嫩茎(带腋芽更好). 3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基.(1)丛生芽诱导培养基:MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA1.0;(2)壮苗培养基:MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 0.1;(3)生根培养基:MS NAA 1.0.上述培养基均加0.75％琼脂和3％葡萄糖，pH为6.0.培养温度(25 2)℃，光照度2 500～4000lx，光照时间12～14h·d-1，空气相对湿度80％左右.     

孟德尔的杂交实验一个母本豌豆植株上同时出现两种颜色籽粒的原因是什么?

种子的颜色是与母本有关还是与父本有关，还是与母本和父本都有关呢?若说杂交产生的种子颜色只与母本有关，那么孟德尔的一个母本豌豆植株上为什么会因父本花粉的不同而同时出现两种颜色的籽粒呢(见现行高中生物必修课本遗传学部分)?若说种子的颜色是由亲本的显性基因决定，那为什么花生等种子的颜色又只由母本决定而与父本无关呢?